Acanthosis nigricans

Acanthosis nigricans Presentations and Implications

Case 1 - clinical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Case 2 - clinical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Case 3 - clinical background ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Macroscopic Manifestations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Microscopic Manifestations

What Is This That We Have Been Seeing? Acanthosis nigricans

What Is Acanthosis Nigricans? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What Is Insulin Resistance? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: A Closer Look ,[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: Manifestations Hypertension, Atherosclerosis, POS Central obesity, Acanthosis Nigricans, disturbed glucose tolerance Clinical manifestations Dyslipidaemia Glucose tolerance Biochemical abnormalities Vascular abnormalities High TG, Low HDL-C; Small, dense LDL Insulin resistance Hyperinsulinaemia Abnormal thrombolysis ED & VSC dysfunction

History of SYNDROME - X ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Definition of Syndrome-x ,[object Object],HYPERINSULINAEMIA DYSLIPIDAEMIA HYPERTENSION GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE CENTRAL OBESITY associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 DM.

Insulin Resistance: Associated Conditions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: Pathophysiology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: Link With Acanthosis Nigricans ,[object Object],[object Object]

Insulin Resistance: Link With Acanthosis Nigricans ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diagnosis of Acanthosis Nigricans

Diagnosis of Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Grading of Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assessment of Obesity by BMI- Modified WHO Classification of Overweight & Obesity ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assessment of Obesity By Skin Thickness ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assessment of Obesity By Bioimpedance Analysis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Therapy of Acanthosis Nigricans

Therapy of AN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Acanthosis nigricans

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Acanthosis nigricans