1. PRACTICE FROM CHINAPRACTICE FROM CHINA
GEF HAI BASIN INTEGRATED WATERGEF HAI BASIN INTEGRATED WATER
AND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENTAND ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT
PROJECTPROJECT
World Bank / Liping Jiang
In Cairns 23/10/2009

2. TopicsTopics
1. Challenges in Hai Basin and Bohai Sea
2. Project Approach to Face the Challenges
3. Major Project Results or Outcomes

3. 1.1. Main Challenges in Hai Basin and Bohai Sea
Water Shortage Groundwater abstraction exceeds recharge by 7.2 billion
m3
/yr, surface water is overused by 2.4 billion m3
/yr;
Water Pollution: About 5.0 billion m3 to rivers without treatment, which
makes 80% of surface water and 50% of groundwater polluted; and
Ecosystem Degradation: Many rivers , lakes and wetlands dried up and
ecosystems have been seriously damaged.

4. The water demand for social and economic
development in a river basin is approaching to the
red line of water demand for ecosystems
Q
T
Total Water Resources
Availability
Environmental
Water Demand
Social-economic
Water Demands
Water SupplyWater Supply

5. With the rapid social and economic development,
water demand for ecosystems was seized. As a
result, environment and groundwater situation is
getting worse.
Q
T
Seized EnvironmentalSeized Environmental
DemandDemand

6. There is a conflict between water demand for social
and economic development and water demand for
ecosystem protection.
Q
T
EnvironmentEnvironment
damageddamaged
IneffectiveIneffective
InvestmentInvestment
No Risks but withNo Risks but with
big water shortagebig water shortage

7. There is a need to increase water supply or to
reduce water demand, particularly to reduce the
water demand from the irrigated agriculture.
Q
T
Reducing Water DemandReducing Water Demand
Increasing Water Supply
Inter-basin
Water Transfer

8.  Top-down /bottom-up and horizontal and vertical integration;
 Remote-Sensing based ET monitoring and evaluation;
  The actual consumptive use of water should be less than
 the target consumptive use of water at both river basin
 and field levels;
 The total pollution loads should be less than environment
carrying capacity of the rivers, lakes and sub-basins;
 Establish consumption (ET)-based water rights system to
really control consumptive use of water;
 Integrated three measures to reduce consumptive use of
irrigated water including engineering, agricultural and
management improvements;
 Stakeholder participation including WUAs in the whole
process of project design, construction and O&M and
control of consumptive use of water.
3. Project Approach to Face the Challenges

9. Free Remote Sensing Data

10. The key for controlling the consumptive use of water is to find
out the actual water consumption (ET) for irrigated areas and
ecosystem areas. The technology now can measure the actual
ET within a pixel of 30x30 meter or 1x1 km and provided the
technical basis for the analysis on consumptive use of water at
both river basin and field levels;
Remote Sensing based ET Management

11. How to increase crop yield or value
per unit of consumed water?
ET 耗水
量
Yield
ET 1ET 1 ET 2
Yield 1
Yield 2
CROP PRODUCTIONCROP PRODUCTION
FUNCTIONFUNCTION
Yield = ƒ (ET)
To increase water productivity with agricultural measures
and irrigation scheduling including deficit irrigation.

12.  It refers to water balance between actual consumptive
use and target consumptive use of water;
 The actual consumptive use includes the actual uses for
urban, agricultural and ecosystems;
 The target water consumption for agricultural =The target water consumption for agricultural =
precipitation + inflow + allowed groundwater overdraft –precipitation + inflow + allowed groundwater overdraft –
urban water consumption – ecosystem waterurban water consumption – ecosystem water
consumption – outflow;consumption – outflow;
 The total Actual water consumption for agriculture at theThe total Actual water consumption for agriculture at the
subproject level should be less than the target watersubproject level should be less than the target water
consumption at the river basin level through theconsumption at the river basin level through the
subproject design at the filed level.subproject design at the filed level.
Analysis of consumptive use of waterAnalysis of consumptive use of water
at the river basin levelat the river basin level

13.  It refers to the balance between actual consumptive
use with project and the target consumptive use at the
field level;
 The target consumptive use with project at the field
level could be find out proportionally with the actual
water consumption at the field level;
 The subproject design with three water-savingThe subproject design with three water-saving
measures should make the actual water consumptionmeasures should make the actual water consumption
with project less than the target water consumptionwith project less than the target water consumption
at the field level.at the field level.
Analysis of consumptive use of waterAnalysis of consumptive use of water
at the crop field levelat the crop field level

14.  Given the same amount of water withdrawal, the waterGiven the same amount of water withdrawal, the water
users with higher irrigation efficiency would normallyusers with higher irrigation efficiency would normally
consume more water than the water users with lowerconsume more water than the water users with lower
irrigation efficiency;irrigation efficiency;
 The conventional water rights system controls onlyThe conventional water rights system controls only
withdrawal, not consumption, hence it can not controlwithdrawal, not consumption, hence it can not control
overuse of water;overuse of water;
 The new water rights system would control consumption,
which tries to solve the issue on how to control overuse of
water. It includes three elements:
1. Water withdrawal (updated once a year);
2. Target water consumption;
3. Water release (with water quality stipulated).
 The relationship on the three elements is:
Water Withdrawal = Target Water Consumption + Water
Release
New Water Rights System based on Consumption Control

15. 3. Major Project Outputs or Outcomes
• Outputs include (a) 8 strategic studies at river basin level;
(b)16 integrated water and environment plans at the county
level; (c) 4 demonstration projects at field level; (d)
knowledge management system; and (e) 2 ET production
and application centers as well as (f) 2 strategic action
plans at the river basin levels;
• Outcomes include (a) the reduced pollution loads to Bohai
Sea; (b) reduced total consumptive use (ET) for
agricultural uese in Hai River Basin; (c) increased
institutional capacity of government agencies for water
resources management and environment protection; and
(d) government decided to scale up the project to other
river basins around the Bohai Sea to increase the outflow
and reduce the pollution loads to the Sea

16. ET in Tongzhou District of BeijingET in Tongzhou District of Beijing
Before ProjectBefore Project After ProjectAfter Project

17. After ProjectAfter Project
Before Project
Zhang-Jia-Wan Township of Tongzhou District of Being

18. Farmers are learning aboutFarmers are learning about
how to control water consumption and non-point pollutionhow to control water consumption and non-point pollution

19. Thanks !Thanks !
Welcome Questions !Welcome Questions !