BCLME Programme Goal: Integrated management, sustainable development and protection of the Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem.

1. ASSESSING A REGIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORKASSESSING A REGIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK
FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AFOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A
BENGUELACURRENT COMMISSIONBENGUELACURRENT COMMISSION
ByBy
Mick O’TooleMick O’Toole
33rdrd
IUCN World Conservation CongressIUCN World Conservation Congress
Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand
2020thth
November, 2004November, 2004
www.bclme.orgwww.bclme.org

2. Benguela Current LME ProgrammeBenguela Current LME Programme
• Countries: Angola, NamibiaCountries: Angola, Namibia
and South Africaand South Africa
• Duration: 2002 - 2007Duration: 2002 - 2007
• Implementing agency: UNDPImplementing agency: UNDP
• Executing agency: UNOPSExecuting agency: UNOPS
• GEF: US$ 15,000,000.00GEF: US$ 15,000,000.00
• In-kind: US$ 18,000,000.00In-kind: US$ 18,000,000.00

3. BCLMEBCLME
Programme GoalProgramme Goal
Integrated management,Integrated management,
sustainable development andsustainable development and
protection of the Benguela Currentprotection of the Benguela Current
Large Marine EcosystemLarge Marine Ecosystem

5. BCLME ProgrammeBCLME Programme
Focus of ActivitiesFocus of Activities
 Productivity and FisheriesProductivity and Fisheries
 Environmental Variability and PredictabilityEnvironmental Variability and Predictability
 Seabed Mining (e.g. diamonds)Seabed Mining (e.g. diamonds)
 Oil and Gas Exploration and ProductionOil and Gas Exploration and Production
 Ecosystem Health and PollutionEcosystem Health and Pollution
 Socio-economics and GovernanceSocio-economics and Governance
 Capacity BuildingCapacity Building

6. Chlorophyll
from
SeaWiFS

7. Strategic Action ProgrammeStrategic Action Programme
SAPSAP

8. AGREED PRINCIPALSAGREED PRINCIPALS
SAPSAP
• Ecosystem integrity / future generationsEcosystem integrity / future generations
• Precautionary principlePrecautionary principle
• Anticipatory actionAnticipatory action
• Polluter Pays principle - clean technologiesPolluter Pays principle - clean technologies
• Environment and healthEnvironment and health
• Transparency and public participationTransparency and public participation
• Co-financing with industry and donorsCo-financing with industry and donors

10. SOME KEY POLICY ACTIONSSOME KEY POLICY ACTIONS
• Joint surveys and assessment of fish stocksJoint surveys and assessment of fish stocks
• Ecosystem approach to fisheries managementEcosystem approach to fisheries management
• Harmonisation of environmental managementHarmonisation of environmental management
policiespolicies
• Development of an environmental earlyDevelopment of an environmental early
warning systemwarning system
• Regional oil spill contingency planRegional oil spill contingency plan

12. Institutional ArrangementsInstitutional Arrangements
• Programme Steering Committee (PSC)Programme Steering Committee (PSC)
• Programme Co-ordinating Unit (PCU)Programme Co-ordinating Unit (PCU)
• Activity Centres (AC’s)Activity Centres (AC’s)
• Advisory Groups (AG’s)Advisory Groups (AG’s)
• Benguela Current Commission (BCC)Benguela Current Commission (BCC)

13. The Benguela Current CommissionThe Benguela Current Commission
• ““ Member states agree to commit themselves toMember states agree to commit themselves to
continuing the BCLME Programme beyond thecontinuing the BCLME Programme beyond the
GEF intervention and will endeavour toGEF intervention and will endeavour to
establish a permanent Benguela Currentestablish a permanent Benguela Current
Commission with a supporting Secretariat”Commission with a supporting Secretariat”
BCLME Strategic Action Programme (SAP)BCLME Strategic Action Programme (SAP)
Signed by seven ministers from Angola, NamiiaSigned by seven ministers from Angola, Namiia
and South Africa (2000)and South Africa (2000)

14. Red-tide Cape Town Mussel rafts – Saldanha Bay
Sulphur eruptions
Namibia

15. Benguela Current CommissionBenguela Current Commission
• ““ To realise our collective goal of sustainableTo realise our collective goal of sustainable
management of our marine and coastalmanagement of our marine and coastal
resources, we plan to establish in a few yearsresources, we plan to establish in a few years
time the Benguela Current Commission whosetime the Benguela Current Commission whose
mandate would be, amongst others, to facilitatemandate would be, amongst others, to facilitate
and coordinate integrated management,and coordinate integrated management,
sustainable development and protection of thesustainable development and protection of the
Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem”Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem”
(Minister Abraham Iyambo, October 2004)(Minister Abraham Iyambo, October 2004)

16. Establishment of a Benguela CurrentEstablishment of a Benguela Current
CommissionCommission
Institutional study on needs and requirementsInstitutional study on needs and requirements
• Identify management functions that demand regionalIdentify management functions that demand regional
co-operationco-operation
• Assess current institutional structures and future legalAssess current institutional structures and future legal
frameworks to fulfill management requirementsframeworks to fulfill management requirements
• Develop mandate and functions of a BCCDevelop mandate and functions of a BCC
• Assess the economic and political value of an BBC re:Assess the economic and political value of an BBC re:
benefits to stakeholders and effective managementbenefits to stakeholders and effective management
• Assess some models of successful regional marineAssess some models of successful regional marine
resource /environment commissions: scope and rolesresource /environment commissions: scope and roles
• Costs of implementation and sustainability of financesCosts of implementation and sustainability of finances

17. DEEPWATER OPERATIONS
Coral Sea
Grand Banks
Debmar Pacific
Debmar Atlantic
• >70m water depth, typically 130m
• Mining method: Vertical mining employing a Wirth
drill mining unconsolidated seabed sediments
• Fully self-contained mining units that can operate
on 24hr basis throughout the year

18. Establishment of a Benguela CurrentEstablishment of a Benguela Current
CommissionCommission
Economic study on regional co-operationEconomic study on regional co-operation
 Status quo for management of the BCLMEStatus quo for management of the BCLME
 Incremental cost-benefits of regionalIncremental cost-benefits of regional
cooperation in research and managementcooperation in research and management
 Economic case for taking an ecosystemEconomic case for taking an ecosystem
approach to management of LMEapproach to management of LME

19. International InstrumentsInternational Instruments
• UNCLOS (1982) – Law of the SeaUNCLOS (1982) – Law of the Sea
• UNCED (1992) – LME’sUNCED (1992) – LME’s
• Convention on Biodiversity (1993)Convention on Biodiversity (1993)
• KYOTO (1995) “Code of Conduct for ResponsibleKYOTO (1995) “Code of Conduct for Responsible
Fishing – FAO)Fishing – FAO)
• UN Agreement ‘Straddling and Highly Migratory FishUN Agreement ‘Straddling and Highly Migratory Fish
Stocks (1995)Stocks (1995)
• Reykjavik Declaration (2001) “Ecosystem Approach toReykjavik Declaration (2001) “Ecosystem Approach to
Fisheries Management”Fisheries Management”
• WSSD Johannesburg (2002)WSSD Johannesburg (2002)

20. Regional InstrumentsRegional Instruments
• SADC Treaty (1992) regional development andSADC Treaty (1992) regional development and
integration including fisheriesintegration including fisheries
• Monitoring, Control and Surveillance of FishingMonitoring, Control and Surveillance of Fishing
Activities (MCS)Activities (MCS)
• Policy Harmonisation Project (marine fisheries lawsPolicy Harmonisation Project (marine fisheries laws
and shared stocks)and shared stocks)
• SADC Protocol on FisheriesSADC Protocol on Fisheries
• SEAFOSEAFO
• BENEFIT ProgrammeBENEFIT Programme
• BCLME ProgrammeBCLME Programme

22. SADC PROTOCOL ON FISHERIESSADC PROTOCOL ON FISHERIES
A binding policy framework to improveA binding policy framework to improve
natural resource and ecosystem managementnatural resource and ecosystem management
 commitment to shared stock managementcommitment to shared stock management
 Ecosystem approach to fisheries mgt (EAF)Ecosystem approach to fisheries mgt (EAF)
 Data and Information sharingData and Information sharing

23. SEAFOSEAFO
South East Atlantic Fisheries OrganisationSouth East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation
(Angola, Namibia and South Africa + UK)(Angola, Namibia and South Africa + UK)
others: EU, Norway, Russia, Ukraine, USAothers: EU, Norway, Russia, Ukraine, USA
““ conservation and management of straddlingconservation and management of straddling
and high seas stocks in the SE Atlantic”and high seas stocks in the SE Atlantic”
Instrument - Convention on Transboundary andInstrument - Convention on Transboundary and
Highly Migratory Stocks and United NationsHighly Migratory Stocks and United Nations
Implementing Agreement (UIA)Implementing Agreement (UIA)

24. Minister Abaham Iyambo (Fisheries andMinister Abaham Iyambo (Fisheries and
Marine Resources, Namibia)Marine Resources, Namibia)
• ““ We recognise the need for co-operationWe recognise the need for co-operation
amongst SADC countries in order to sustainamongst SADC countries in order to sustain
accrued benefits from our marineaccrued benefits from our marine
resources….in this regard we have committedresources….in this regard we have committed
ourselves to the basic tenets of co-operationourselves to the basic tenets of co-operation
enshrined in instruments such as the SADCenshrined in instruments such as the SADC
Protocol on Fisheries, the UN Fish StocksProtocol on Fisheries, the UN Fish Stocks
Agreement and the FAO Code of Conduct forAgreement and the FAO Code of Conduct for
Responsible Fishing” (Speech: BCLME CDResponsible Fishing” (Speech: BCLME CD
Launch, October 2004)Launch, October 2004)

26. Co-operative Marine Science andCo-operative Marine Science and
Management in BenguelaManagement in Benguela
BCLME –BENEFIT Management CommitteeBCLME –BENEFIT Management Committee
• Consultative and Specialist Task GroupsConsultative and Specialist Task Groups
• Advisory Groups (EV, LMR, BEHP, T&CB)Advisory Groups (EV, LMR, BEHP, T&CB)
• Liaison CommitteesLiaison Committees
• Transboundary Fish Stock SurveysTransboundary Fish Stock Surveys
• Satellite Remote Sensing / GIS groupSatellite Remote Sensing / GIS group
• Regional Centres of Expertise (fish ageing,Regional Centres of Expertise (fish ageing,
ichthyoplankton, remote sensing, stock assess)ichthyoplankton, remote sensing, stock assess)

27. WSSD – GOALSWSSD – GOALS
Main Targets and TimetablesMain Targets and Timetables
FisheriesFisheries
““ Maintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can produceMaintain or restore depleted fish stocks to levels that can produce
their maximum sustainable yield on an urgent basis and wheretheir maximum sustainable yield on an urgent basis and where
possible no later than 2015” (Chapter 4, Paragraph 30 a)possible no later than 2015” (Chapter 4, Paragraph 30 a)
Some BCLME projects addressing these targetsSome BCLME projects addressing these targets
 Project LMR/CF/03/06Project LMR/CF/03/06 “ Development and harmonisation of“ Development and harmonisation of
operational management procedures (OMP’s) for hake stocks”operational management procedures (OMP’s) for hake stocks”
 Project LMR/CF/03/07Project LMR/CF/03/07 “ Determination of optimal harvesting“ Determination of optimal harvesting
strategies for hake trawl and long-line fisheries”strategies for hake trawl and long-line fisheries”
 Projects LMR/CF/03/09,10,14Projects LMR/CF/03/09,10,14 “ Transboundary surveys and“ Transboundary surveys and
harmonisation of shared stocks including technical issues”harmonisation of shared stocks including technical issues”
 Projects LMR/SE/03/02-05Projects LMR/SE/03/02-05 “Analysis of socio-economic, legal and“Analysis of socio-economic, legal and
governance issues of commercial fisheries”governance issues of commercial fisheries”

28. Main Targets and TimetablesMain Targets and Timetables
WSSDWSSD
Conservation of BiodiversityConservation of Biodiversity
““Develop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, including theDevelop and facilitate the use of diverse approaches and tools, including the
ecosystem approach, the elimination of destructive fishing practices andecosystem approach, the elimination of destructive fishing practices and
establishment of marine protected areas……. by 2012” ( Chapter 4,establishment of marine protected areas……. by 2012” ( Chapter 4,
Paragraph 31 a-d)Paragraph 31 a-d)
SOME BCLME projects addressing these targetsSOME BCLME projects addressing these targets
 Project: LMR/EAF/03/01Project: LMR/EAF/03/01 “Development of an ecosystem approach to“Development of an ecosystem approach to
fisheries management (EAF)” (1)fisheries management (EAF)” (1)
 Project: LMR/EAF/03/02Project: LMR/EAF/03/02 “Development of a regional ecosystem monitoring“Development of a regional ecosystem monitoring
programme –top predators as biological indicators” (1)programme –top predators as biological indicators” (1)
 Projects: BEHP/BAC/01-06Projects: BEHP/BAC/01-06 “ Conservation planning and management -“ Conservation planning and management -
marine protected areas, baseline surveying and mapping of species, biotopesmarine protected areas, baseline surveying and mapping of species, biotopes
and communities” (6)and communities” (6)