Lecture by Beate Stollberg at the ISCRAM Summer School 2011 about GIS, Geographic Standards and Mash-Ups

1. GIS, Mash-Ups and Geographic Standards:
Appropriate Mapping and Analysis
Tools for Situation Rooms
Beate Stollberg
Joint Research Centre of the European Commission,
Institute for the Protection and the Security of the Citizen,
Global Security and Crisis Management Unit
ISCRAM Summer School 2011
Tilburg, 22.08.2011

2. Overview
 European Civil Protection
 GIS
 Geographic Standards
 Mash-Ups
 Summary and Conclusion
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3. European Civil Protection
Crisis Management
Laboratory at JRC
 Data collection
(live media/web, own data)
 Validation and processing
 Presentation and dissemination
Situational awareness and political response
Advisory role
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4. European Civil Protection
The Monitoring and Information Centre (MIC)
 Operated by the EC in Brussels
 Heart of Community Mechanism for Civil Protection
 Available 24/7, duty officers on shift
Any country (inside or outside the EU)
affected by a major disaster can launch a
request for assistance through the MIC
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5. European Civil Protection
MIC during emergencies:
 Communications hub
 Information provision
 Supports co-ordination
Map
Report
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6. European Civil Protection
Example Map
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7. European Civil Protection
In 2010 Critech produced crisis maps during the
following 11 disaster events:
12.01.2010: Earthquake Haiti 30 maps
27.02.2010: Tsunami Chile 14 maps
14.04.2010: Volcano Iceland 1 map
20.05.2010: Flood Poland 3 maps
06.07.2010: Flood Moldova 1 map
03.08.2010: Flood Pakistan 42 maps
03.10.2010: Chemical Spill Hungary 5 maps
18.10.2010: Typhoon Megi Philippines 1 map
25.10.2010: Tsunami Sumatra 1 map
05.11.2010: Hurricane Tomas Haiti 3 maps
19.11.2010: Cholera Outbreak Haiti 5 maps
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8. European Civil Protection
Geo-Information related Requirements
 Event-specific geographic information
 Places
Finding
 Best available background maps
 Spatial analysis
 Map images (“Screenshots” for briefing reports)
 Detailed (printed) maps
Mapping
 Shared (digital) maps with real-time information
 Collaborative mapping
Archiving  Store data
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9. GIS
Development of GIS (I)
1980s >> first commercial GIS vendors (e.g. ESRI)
>> complex closed applications
1994 >> Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) founded
>> development of common standards
2000s >> Interoperable Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
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10. GIS
Development of GIS (II)
2005 >> Google Earth
>> First time maps and satellite images
of the whole world were freely available
>> Mash-Ups
>> often including maps
>> User Generated Content (UGC)
>> often including location (cheap GPS devices)
>> Location Based Service (LBS)
WEB 2.0
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11. GIS
A Geographic Information
System (GIS) is designed to
capture, store, manipulate,
analyze, manage and present
all types of geographically Processing
referenced data.
In the simplest terms, GIS is
the merging of cartography,
statistical analysis, and
database technology.
Data(base)
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12. GIS
 Mapping the real world
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
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13. GIS
 Modeling and analyzing the real world
Concept of
“Features”
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
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14. GIS
Example: Point-in-Polygon Analysis (Even-Odd-Rule)
 Odd number of intersections >> Point inside
 Even number of intersections >> Point outside
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15. GIS
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
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16. GIS
Raster data
 Grid-cell data structure
 Location of a cell is identified by
row and column
 Each cell (pixel) has an assigned
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
value
 “Easy” creation from image data,
e.g. satellite images, scans
Resolution determined by pixel size
Efficient representation of dense data, e.g. elevation
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17. GIS
Vector data
 Features are presented by points,
lines and polygons
 Each feature may have many
assigned values (attribute data)
 “Complex” creation
Figure from: http://giscommons.org
Efficient representation of discrete data
Topology creation possible
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18. GIS
Topology = Spatial Relationships
First law of geography:
“Everything is related to everything else, but near
things are more related than distant things.”
Distances between features
Adjacency of features
Connectivity of features
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19. GIS
Set of topology rules
 Each edge has two nodes
 Each edge has an area on the left and right side of it
 Each area is enclosed by edges and nodes
 Each node is enclosed by edges and areas
 Each line crossing is a node
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20. GIS
Internal Storage
Node Coordinates Edge From-To Area Edge-List Edge Left-Right
1 (0,10) a 1-2 A a,b,f,g,h a W-A
2 (2,11) b 2-3 B c,d,e,f b X-A
3 (5,11) c 3-4 C g,e,k,j,i c X-B
4 (8,11) d 4-5 d Y-B
5 (8,9) e 5-6 e C-B
6 (5,8) f 6-3 f A-B
7 (2,7) g 6-7 g C-A
8 (5,5) h 7-1 h V-A
9 (3,6) i 7-9 i C-V
J 9-8 J C-Z
k 8-5 k C-Y
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21. GIS
Network Example
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22. GIS
GIS Software
Commercial Solutions: Free Solutions:
 Autodesk  uDig
 Bentley Systems  gvSIG
 ERDAS IMAGINE  OpenJUMP
 ESRI  Quantum GIS
 Intergraph  GRASS GIS
 MapInfo  SAGA GIS
 Smallworld
…
…
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23. GIS
OpenJUMP
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24. GIS
>> OpenJUMP Demo
OpenJUMP and Printer PlugIn:
http://openjump.org/index.html
http://www.cadplan.com.au/JumpPrinterV1.29.jar
Haiti Data:
http://download.geofabrik.de/osm/
http://cegrp.cga.harvard.edu/haiti/?q=content/haiti-earthquake-gis-data
http://geocommons.com
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25. GIS
ESRI ArcGIS
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26. GIS
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27. GIS
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28. GIS
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29. GIS
Creation of
custom
toolboxes and
models with the
ModelBuilder
Figure from: http://webhelp.esri.com
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30. GIS
GIS is a powerful tool for
analysis of big amounts of spatial data
storage of big amounts of spatial data
production of cartographic maps
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31. GIS
… is not so good for
sharing geospatial data
Web based interactive maps
handling non-GIS formats like KML, GeoRSS
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32. Standards
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC)
> non-profit, international, voluntary consensus standards organization
Web Map Service (WMS) >> Visualization
Web Feature Service (WFS) >> Vector data access
Web Coverage Service (WCS) >> Raster data access
Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) >> Search
...
http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards
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33. Standards
OGC Web Map Service
GetCapabilities
http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/
MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetCapabilities
GetMap
http://139.191.1.149/ArcGIS93/services/GDACS/gdacsEQ/
MapServer/WMSServer?REQUEST=GetMap&SERVICE=WMS
&VERSION=1.1.1&LAYERS=0&FORMAT=image/png
&TRANSPARENT=TRUE&STYLES=&SRS=EPSG:4326
&BBOX=-180,-90,180,90&WIDTH=800&HEIGHT=400
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34. Standards
Spatial Data Infrastructure
 …for storing, accessing and sharing distributed spatial
data in an Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)
 Standardized interfaces like OGC WMS, WFS etc.
 usually government-related,
e.g. NSDI in the US, INSPIRE in the EU
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35. Standards
Current SDI topics
 Geoprocessing
>> Web Processing Service (WPS)
 Sensor/real-time data integration
>> Sensor Web Enablement (SWE)
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36. Mash-Ups
Example Report
(including map
screenshots)
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37. Mash-Ups
Mash-Up:
 Combining different web
applications or functions
 Merging existent content
with additional information
 Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs),
e.g. Google Maps API
Easy access to base map data,
e.g. Google, Bing, OpenStreetMap
Easy integration of “Web 2.0 data”,
e.g. KML, GeoRSS
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38. JRC Web Map Viewer
http://dma.jrc.it/map
 Web-based, client-side solution supported in all browsers
 No need to install software
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39. JRC Web Map Viewer
Load Base Maps
Add a base Add external Load WMS
map layer GEORSS file images
Add overlays Add external
KML file
Overlay GeoRSS, KML, WMS
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40. JRC Web Map Viewer
Geocoding functionality
What’s near? – Analysis
Measuring
Save Map
Save Map (URL) without
Header/Footer/Controls for
integration in own website
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41. Summary and Conclusion
Geo-Information related Requirements
Mash-Up
 Event-specific geographic information
 Places Mash-Up
Finding Mash-Up
 Best available background maps
GIS
 Spatial analysis
Mash-Up
 Map images (“Screenshots” for briefing reports)
GIS
 Detailed (printed) maps Mash-Up
Mapping
 Shared (digital) maps with real-time information
Mash-Up SDI
 Collaborative mapping
SDI
Archiving  Store data
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42. Summary and Conclusion
Most complete solution for situation rooms
SDI
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43. Links
MIC
http://ec.europa.eu/echo/civil_protection/civil/prote/mic.htm
GDACS
http://www.gdacs.org/
JRC Web Map Viewer
http://dma.jrc.it/map/
OpenJUMP
http://openjump.org/
Geo-Data Sharing
http://geocommons.com
OGC
http://www.opengeospatial.org/
beate.stollberg@jrc.ec.europa.eu
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44. Links
Disaster Data Sources:
Ushahidi
OpenStreetMap
Google
GeoCommons
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