1.
Could the Smart City improve
the resilience and sustainability
of urban systems (the city)?
Professor Isam SHAHROUR,
www.ishahrour.com
May, 30, 2018
Woh Hup Distinguished Lecture
Civil Engineering Department
National University of Singapore (NUS)

2.
City
Sustainability
Resiliency
Papers – Resilience
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-3040-y
20141985

3.
City
Sustainability
Resiliency
Smart City
1992 2012
Cumulative
papers
number
Mora et al. (2017)

4.
City
Sustainability
Resiliency
Smart City
SunRise Smart City
Demonstrator

5.
The city: System of complex socio-technical systems

6.
The City : living systems
(CHOA’s, 2013)

7.
Infrastructures ageing
United States – ASCE (2013)
GPA: D+,
Required inv. $3.6 Trillion
United Kingdom
August 21, 2017

8.
Congestion, pollution, lack of services
7 million deaths/year (WHO)

9.
The City: interdependent systems

10.
The
City
Social and Economic
• Population growth
• Aging
• Poverty
• Unemployment
• Governance
City under increasing pressure …
Built-Environment
• Aging
• Lack
• Adaptation to new
challenges
Environment
• Congestion
• Climate change
• Pollution
Hazards
• Natural
• Industrial
• Social

11.
We need inclusive innovation to transform our cities
Smart City ?
Built-
Environment
CommunityManagement

12.
Smart City
Concern

13.
Chinajects India
100 projects
https://qz.com/998970/kigalis-vision-city-and-lagos-eko-atlantic-are-among-
several-smart-city-initiatives-taking-off-in-africa/
Europe

14.
Inspired from human
intelligence

15.
Human Intelligence
Experience (learning Capacity)
Sensing Cognitive Actions

16.
Intelligent system
Physical System
Sensing Layer
Information
system
Analysis capacity
(Engineering, IT)
Control layer
Virtous actions
Digital
Model

17.
Urban intelligent system
Sensing Layer
Information
system
Analysis capacity
(Engineering, IT)
Control layer
Community
Built-
environment Management
Virtous actions
Digital
Model

18.
Role of the digital technology

19.
Digital Technology: connect people and things
Geo-Localized
Connected (IoT
Network)
Storage and
Analysis capacity
Operate actions

20.
Digital Technology: connect people and things

21.
Smartphone: high sensing capacity

22.
Smartphones used as urban sensors
20172017
2017

23.
https://web-assets.domo.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/DataNeverSleeps_2.0_v2.jpg
Social Media: Semantic analysis
Geo-localized content
Useful anonymous information for the
City management
(emotional data included)
Semantic analysis

24.
2016
2017
2015
2014
Recent papers: Social media & semantic analysis in urban studies

25.
Video surveillance used as urban sensors
World : 350 millions (2016)
London : 500, 000 CCTV Cameras
China : 170 million CCTV cameras
• Real-time
• High sensing capacity (AI)

26.
High capacity in data analysis and learning

27.
2014
2017
2017
2015
Recent papers: Artificial Intelligence in urban studies

28.
2017
2018
2016
2015
Recent papers: Big Data in urban studies

29.
Digital technology in the City
1) City Digital Model (2D, 3D, Semantic)
GIS, BIM, Civil 3D
Photogrammetry,
CityGML
Digital model of the city
- Geo-reference
- Attributes
- Semantic

30.
Digital Technology in the City
• See
• Analyze
• Understand
• Operate actions:
• Optimization
• Security
2) Monitoring & control
Real-time

31.
• See
• Analyze
• Understand
• Operate actions:
• Optimization
• Security
3) Interaction with the community
Digital Technology in the City

32.
Health, Education
Art, Culture
BIG DATA
digital, images,
movies, audios
4) More data

33.
City
Sustainability
Resiliency
Smart
City

34.
Sustainable city
Good
Environment
Social
services
Economic
Activity
Sustainable
city
Good
Environment
Social
services
Economic
Activity
Time
Good
Environment
Social
services
Economic
Activity
Good
Environment
Social
services
Economic
Activity
Good
Environment
Social
services
Economic
Activity
Space

35.
Sustainability implementation
Understand
Design
(Infrastructures,
Management
system)
Implement
(Infrastructures,
Management
system
Operate,
monitor
Evaluate
(Impact)

36.
Understand
Design
(Infrastructures,
Management
system)
Implement
(Infrastructures,
Management
system
Operate,
monitor
Evaluate
(Impact)
Sustainability implementation

37.
City
Sustainability
Resiliency
Smart
City

38.
https://www.vox.com/energy-and-
environment/2017/12/28/16795490/natural-disasters-2017-hurricanes-
wildfires-heat-climate-change-cost-deathsDisasters losses in US
Around $400 billion in 2017
1990 2017

39.
2014
Urban risk
Lack of coping capacity
Lack of adaptive capacity

40.
t0 t1 t2 t3
Disruptive
event Impact
Appearing
System
Performances
Time
Recovery phase
Disruptive
phase New steady phase
Adaptive capability
Absorbing
capability
Hazard management
Original Level

41.
Resilience strategies

42.
Resiliency Strategy
1) Preparation
Built-
Environment
CommunityManagement
2) Early warning
& actions
3) Community & physical
systems adaptation
Event
Impact
Appearing
Recovery phase
Disruptive
phase
Adaptive capabilityAbsorbing
capability

43.
Resiliency Strategy
1) Preparation
Built-
Environment
CommunityManagement
2) Early warning
& actions
3) Community & physical
systems adaptation
4) Learning
Event
Impact
Appearing
Recovery phase
Disruptive
phase
Adaptive capabilityAbsorbing
capability

44.
Smart Resiliency Strategy
1) Preparation
Built-
Environment
CommunityManagement

45.
Data from Early
Waning Systems
Data from Smart
Urban Systems
Data for Smart Resilient
Urban system
(Real-time & historical data
Analysis tools
Engineering, safety & Smart City tools
(Big Data, AI)
Holistic early actions
(absorbing)
Holistic recovery &
adaptation actions
Learning form data to
improve the resiliency
strategy
2) Early warning & actions
Smart Resiliency Strategy

46.
Earthquake Early Warning
Japan United States Italy
March 29, 2018

47.
Flood Early Warning

48.
2) Early warning & actions
Smart Resiliency Strategy
Data from Early
Waning Systems
Data from Smart
Urban Systems
Data for Smart Resilient
Urban system
(Real-time & historical data
Analysis tools
Engineering, safety & Smart City tools
(Big Data, AI)
Holistic early actions
(absorbing)
Holistic recovery &
adaptation actions
Learning form data to
improve the resiliency
strategy

49.
3) Community &
physical systems
adaptation
Smart Resiliency Strategy

50.
Smart Resiliency Strategy

51.
City
Sustainability
Resiliency
Smart City
SunRise Smart City
Demonstrator

52.
Combine 3 issues:
• City
• Sustainability
• Digital technology
Large academic project « The City of the Future)
2010 - 2011

53.
1 year of discussion and concertation

54.
We need a large-scale demonstrator

55.
University campus: Smart City demonstrator
Small town
• 25 000 users
• 140 Buildings
100 km of urban networks
• Drinking Water
• Sewage
• District Heating
• Gas
• Electrical ( HV, LV)
• Public light

56.
TWUL Demo
London
Burgos VIP
Leeuwarden
Sunrise Demo
Lille
European Smart Water Demonstrator
SmartWater4Europe

57.
SunRise Community (Master & PhD)

58.
Main achievements
• Digital model for urban infrastructures (GIS)
• Urban networks monitoring
• Data analysis
• Substantial improvements

59.
Platform
Information
System
• Asset Data (GIS, BIM)
Analytics
Web
Server
• Technical staff
• Users
Data transmission:
• Wired
• Wireless
• Buildings
• Urban network
Sensors &
Actuators
• Recorded data (sensors)
Other data
• Environment
• Transport
• Administration
• Other data
SunRise Smart city system

60.
• 15 km
• Complex
• 60 years old
Drinking water

61.
Monitoring Data transmission
Platform
Storage, Analysis
Display
Visualization
LEAKAGE:
• 100 AMR
• 5 Pressure Cells
WATER QUALITY:
2 S::CAN
2 Event Lab
Integrated solution

62.
Detection of water leakage
DMA method
Daily water
losses (m3)

63.
On-line water quality control
Abnormal events

64.
70
Sewage system

65.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000
Flowm3/h
Time
3 Sep. to 10 Sep. 2015
10 Sep. to 17 Sep.…
Detection of abnormal events & system faults
Rainfall

66.
District heating System
Présentation
Chaufferi
e
Télé relève

67.
Saving potential
Optimal
Consumption?
Recorded Consumption

68.
SunRise: High fame

69.
Small town
Research
Education
European
Demonstrator
Socio-economic
partnership
Key Success factors

70.
Conclusion
• Digital technology together with collective intelligence (Smart
City) provide high capacity to meet sustainability and
resiliency challenges
• Pilot projects are needed to learn and develop scalable
solutions

71.
Thank you for your attention
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ishahrour/
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