1. DISASTER
RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT
Supplemented by Ryann U. Castro

2. SCOPE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2
DEFINITION OF TERMS
•
HAZARD
•
EXPOSURE
•
VULNERABILITY
•
CAPACITY
•
RISK
•
DISASTER
BAGUIO CITY: EFFECTS OF DISASTERS
•
EARTHQUAKE
•
TROPICAL CYCLONE
•
TRASHSLIDE
PHILIPPINES RISK PROFILE
PREPAREDNESS
NEW FRAMEWORK ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT
SALIENT PROVISION OF R. A. 10121 (DRRM ACT OF 2010)
STRENGTHENING DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
EMERGENCY/DISASTER OPERATIONS CENTER
•
SITUATIONAL ISSUES
•
INCIDENT MANAGEMENT

3. DEFINITION OF TERMS

4. HAZARD
• Is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or
condition that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts,
property damage, loss of livelihood & services, social & economic
disruption or environmental damage...
• Could be a potentially damaging phenomenon
• It could be natural or human-induced.
4

5. EXPOSURE
• The degree to which the element at risk are likely to experience
hazard events of different magnitude.
5

6. VULNERABILITY
• Is the characteristics and circumstances of a community,
system or asset that make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a
hazard.
• This may arise from
environmental factors.
6
various
physical,
social, economic &

7. VULNERABILITY
…Continued
VULNERABILITY HAS BEEN RELATED TO THE FOLLOWING FACTORS:
 Social Integration
 Ethnicity
 Age
 Gender
 Location
 Status
 Wealth
 Income
 Education
 Family type
 Psychological & Physiological
 Locus of control
 Disability
 Coping-style
 Individual’s perception
 Lifestyle
 Agility
 Mobility
 Experience
Britton and Walker 1991
7

8. CAPACITY
• Is the combination of all strengths and resources available within the
community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk
or effects of a disaster.
8

9. RISK
• Is the combination of Probability of an event to happen and its
negative consequences...
R=
9
HAZARD x VULNERABILITY (exposure)
CAPACITY

11. DISASTER
• A disaster is a natural or man-made (or technological) hazard
resulting in an event of substantial extent causing significant
physical damage or destruction, loss of life, or drastic change to the
environment. A disaster can be ostensively defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as earthquakes, floods,
catastrophic accidents, fires, or explosions. It is a phenomenon that
can cause damage to life and property and destroy the economic,
social and cultural life of people.
• In contemporary academia, disasters are seen as the consequence
of inappropriately managed risk. These risks are the product of a
combination of both hazard/s and vulnerability. Hazards that strike in
areas with low vulnerability will never become disasters, as is the
case in uninhabited regions.
11

12. DISASTER
…Continued
12
CLASSIFICATIONS
Natural Disaster
 A natural disaster is a consequence when a natural hazard affects
humans and/or the built environment. Human vulnerability, and lack
of appropriate emergency management, leads to financial,
environmental, or human impact. The resulting loss depends on the
capacity of the population to support or resist the disaster: their
resilience. This understanding is concentrated in the formulation:
"disasters occur when hazards meet vulnerability". A natural hazard
will hence never result in a natural disaster in areas without
vulnerability.

13. DISASTER
…Continued
13
CLASSIFICATIONS
Man-made or Human Induced Disaster
 Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or
human hazards. Examples include stampedes, fires, transport
accidents,
industrial
accidents,
oil
spills
and
nuclear
explosions/radiation. War and deliberate attacks may also be put in
this category. As with natural hazards, man-made hazards are
events that have not happened, for instance terrorism. Man-made
disasters are examples of specific cases where man-made hazards
have become reality in an event

14. …Continued
WHEN IS AN EVENT A DISASTER?
1. At least 20% of the population are affected & in need of
emergency assistance or those dwelling units have been
destroyed.
2. A great number or at least 40% of the means of livelihood such
as bancas, fishing boats, vehicles and the like are destroyed.
DISASTER
3. Major roads and bridges are destroyed and impassable for at
least a week, thus disrupting the flow of transport and commerce.
14
4. Widespread destruction of fishponds, crops, poultry and
livestock, and other agricultural products, and
5. Epidemics
NDCC Memo Order No. 4, dated 04 March 1998

15. …Continued
WHY ARE DISASTER IMPACTS INCREASING?
1. Increased in population
DISASTER
2. Climate change
15
3. Increased vulnerability due to:
• Demographic changes
• Increased concentration of assets
• Environmental degradation
• Poverty
• Rapid urbanization and unplanned development

16. BAGUIO CITY
EFFECTS OF DISASTERS

17. EARTHQUAKE
July 16 1990
Ms=7.8
DEAD – 1,666
INJURED – 3,500
17

18. …continued
Hyatt Terraces
18

19. University of BAGUIO
FRB Hotel
Nevada Hotel
Siesta Inn
19

20. Park Hotel
Royal Inn
20
St. Vincent
Hilltop Hotel

21. Baguio Cathedral
EPZA/PEZA
21
Aurora Theater
Loakan Airport

22. Burnham Park
22

23. JULY 16, 1990 EARTHQUAKE
…Continued
Aftershocks of the 1990
July 16 earthquake Ms=7.8
PHIVOLCS data
First 14 hours
Many aftershocks found
west of Baguio City, not
along fault trace
23

24. SUPER TYPHOON “PEPENG” {PARMA}
(September 30 – October 10, 2009)
Max Center Wind: 195 kph
Gustiness: 230 kph
Speed: 9-26 kph
Baguio City received 640
mm of rain during the 12hour period starting 8:00
am on October 8
24

25. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
a) Affected Population
Population affected in 5,486 barangays, 334 municipalities, and
33 cities in 27 provinces in Regions I, II, III, V, VI, CAR and NCR
– 954,087 families / 4,478,284 persons Breakdown per Region
The total number evacuated inside 54 evacuation centers were
3,258 families / 14,892 persons
b) Casualties
Reported deaths in CAR were mainly due to landslides while
those in other regions were due to drowning (same figure in
previous report)
 465 Dead
 207 Injured
 47 Missing
25

26. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
…Continued
c) Damages
The total number of damaged houses were 61,869 (6,807
totally / 55,062 partially)
The estimated cost of damage to infrastructure and agriculture
were PhP27.297 Billion (infrastructure to include school
buildings and health infrastructure PhP6.799 Billion; agriculture
PhP20.495 Billion and private property PhP 0.003 Billion
Agricultural area of 428,034 hectares incurred losses of
1,052.993 MT of crops (rice, corn, high value commercial
crops, abaca and irrigation facilities)
Education facilities damaged in Regions I, II, III, V and CAR:
were 1,531 schools (1,280 Elementary and 251 High Schools)
amounting to PhP767.45 Million
26

28. EFFECTS ST “PEPENG” {PARMA}
INCIDENTS
…Continued
TOTAL
ERODED RIPRAP
FALLEN TREE / IN DANGER OF
FALLING
19
SOIL EROSION / LANDSLIDE
97
FLOOD
BAGUIO
25
41
VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
1
CASUALTIES:
A) Deaths 1) Landslide
2) Accident
58
2
B) Missing
5
C) Injured
27
Note: Incidents received, monitored and recorded by CDRRMC-DOC
28

29. CITY CAMP
FLOODING
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported: 2:55 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
could not be contained by the
drainage.
29

30. CRESENCIA VILLAGE
LANDSLIDE
Date: 08 October 2009
Reported: 8:00 PM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 23
30

31. MARCOS HIGHWAY
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway
31

32. MARCOS HIGHWAY
ROAD CUT
Date: October 8, 2009
Reported 9:31 PM
Caused Closure of the Highway
32

33. KENNON ROAD
Fallen rocks and Mudslides
33

34. PINSAO PROPER
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 8:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 1
34

35. ↑ ROCK QUARRY
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 6:30 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 4
35

36. ↓ KITMA
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Reported: 9:56 AM
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 8
36

37. PUROK 1, IRISAN
LANDSLIDE
Date: October 9, 2009
Cause: Heavy volume of rainfall
saturated the soil.
Casualties: 16
37

38. 38
SIMULTANEOUS INCIDENTS

39. TRASHSLIDE
August 26 – September 7, 2011
DEAD – 6
39

40. 40

41. 41

42. 42

43. PREVIOUS DISASTERS IN C.A.R.
43
LESSONS LEARNED








LGU as the first line of defence
Early warning devise or equipment are vital in saving life
Without communication support warning and the evacuation fails
Early warning and evacuation system to attain Zero Casualty
Pre-positioning of organic resource capability for quick response
Building-back better not building-back-elsewhere
DRR measures to protect economic investments
Help must be linked to initiative. Protracted relief could breed
mendicancy, inhibit or hold back local initiative and suppress
native creativity
 Demand driven vs. donors driven
 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan must be considered basic input in
the Regional Development Master Plan

44. RISK PROFILE

45. 45
RISK PROFILE

47. …Continued
The country is considered one of the most disaster-prone. It ranks 12th
among 200 countries most at-risk for tropical cyclones, floods,
earthquakes, and landslides in the 2009 Mortality Risk Index of the UN
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
RISK PROFILE
 Located along the
typhoon belt in the
Pacific
making
it
vulnerable to typhoons
and tsunami.
47
 Average
of
20
typhoons yearly (7 are
destructive).

48. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
48
1851-2006 TYPHOON SEASON
Tracks and Intensity of Tropical Cyclones, 1851-2006
TD
TS
1
2
3
Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale
4
5

49. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
49
1980-2005 TYPHOON SEASON

50. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
50
1980-2005 TYPHOON SEASON

51. 51
RISK PROFILE
…Continued

52. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
52
AREAS SUSCEPTIBLE TO
LANDSLIDE, FLOODING, AND
SUBSIDENCE DUE TO KARST
DEVELOPMENT

54. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
54
The Philippines, given its location on the earth is prone to various types
of Natural Disasters.
 Located along the
Pacific Ring of Fire,
between two Tectonic
plates (Eurasian and
Pacific) which are
volcanic
and
earthquake
generators.
 22 active volcanoes (5
most active).

55. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
55
Fact:
The Philippine Archipelago
has a complex tectonic
setting with several trenches
and many active faults

56. 56
RISK PROFILE
…Continued

57. 57
RISK PROFILE
…Continued

58. Northwest segments of the
Philippine Fault Zone (PFZ):
 Digdig Fault
 San Manuel Fault
 Tebbo Fault
 Tuba Fault
 Bangui Fault
 Abra River Fault
Source: Phivolcs
50
100 km
N
South
China
Sea
Pacific
Ocean
Abra River
RISK PROFILE
…Continued
EARTHQUAKE GENERATORS
WITHIN CORDILLERA
Manila Trench
58
0
Baguio City

59. …Continued
0
2 SEISMIC GENERATORS
NEAR BAGUIO CITY
RISK PROFILE
Source: Phivolcs
South
China
Sea
Pacific
Ocean
Abra River
59
Tebbo Fault
 located approximately
10 km Southeast of
Baguio City
 70 km long
 could generate a Ms 7.4
earthquake max
100 km
N
Manila Trench
Tuba Fault
 West of Baguio City,
approximately 5 km
away, NW trending
 50 km long
 could generate a Ms
7.25 earthquake max
50
Baguio City

60. …Continued
0
Burnham Fault
100
N
LEGEND:
RISK PROFILE
Mirador Fault
60
Fault
San Vicente Fault
Tuba Fault
Bued Fault
Loakan Fault
Source: Office of the City Planning & Development Coordinator
300 km

61. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
61
HISTORICAL SEISMICITY
The PHIVOLCS earthquake and catalogue seismicity maps shows
so far, seven (7) historically and instrumentally recorded destructive
earthquakes (Intensity VII-IX in the adapted Rossi-Forel scale) have
affected Baguio City for the past 356 years (1645-2001). This
roughly translate into a return period of at least one destructive
earthquake (Intensity VII to IX) for every 50 years. In addition, there
were four very destructive earthquakes during the 356-year period
for a return period of at least one very destructive earthquake
(Intensity VIII to IX) for every 89 years. In comparison, regional
probabilistic seismic hazard calculations by Thenhaus (1994)
yielded annual probability rates of Ms:
• 6.4 to <7.0 (1 in 23 years)
• 7.0 to <7.3 (1 in 62 years)
• Ms <8.2 (1 in 166 years)

63. RISK PROFILE
…Continued
63
The
Philippine
Archipelago
occupies
the
western
ring
of
the Pacific Ocean (Western Segment of the Pacific Ring of Fire), a most active part
of the earth that is characterized by an ocean-encircling belt of active volcanoes
and earthquake generators (faults).

64. …Continued
ACTIVE, INACTIVE AND
POTENTIALLY ACTIVE
VOLCANOES OF THE
PHILIPPINES
RISK PROFILE
 300 volcanoes
 22 active
 7 inactive in CAR
64

65. …Continued
VOLCANOES OF THE CORDILLERA REGION
Benguet Province:
Kalinga Province:
1. Santo Tomas, Baguio City
4. Bumabag, Batong Buhay
2. Daclan, Bokod
5. Podakan, Batong Buhay
3. Pulag, Kabayan
6. Ambalatungan, Batong Buhay
RISK PROFILE
7. Binuluan
65
All of the above volcanoes are inactive or has no record of
eruption during historic times.

66. PREPAREDNESS
A PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY

67. MAKE A DIFFERENCE…
PREPAREDNESS
 Changing attitudes…
67
 Knowing hazards…
 Doing something to
minimize the hazards.

68. PREPAREDNESS
…Continued
68
WHAT IF?!
Are we prepared?

69. PREPAREDNESS
…Continued
69
CRITICAL CONCERNS
1. Does your institution have an existing Disaster Response Team /
Safety Committee?
2. If yes, is it functional?
3. Do we conduct emergency / disaster drills regularly?
4. Do we have Emergency Response Plan?
5. Do we have a Preparedness / Contingency Plan in the event of any
disaster?
6. Are there personnel / employees trained in first aid, fire fighting or
rescue?
7. Does the institution have any rescue equipment and other
emergency paraphernalia?
8. Do we have an institutionalized warning system?
9. Are there identified evacuation areas within the premises of the
institution?

70. …Continued
PREPAREDNESS CYCLE
PREPAREDNESS
Evaluate/
Improve
70
Plan
Organize
&
Equip
Exercise
Train

71. PREPAREDNESS
…Continued
71
72-HOUR SURVIVAL KIT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Food
Clothing
Communications
Documents
Medicines
Other Essential Needs
Emergency Money
*Kit depends on the number of family members, health status, gender and age.

72. R.A. 10121
THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM

73. THE PHILIPPINE DRRM SYSTEM
DRRM
 Disaster legislation in the Philippines dates back in 1978, primarily
reactive approach to disasters, focusing heavily on preparedness
and response. Other relevant legislation for mainstreaming of
disaster risk reduction into development includes land-use controls
and building codes. However, building codes are not strictly
enforced and zoning ordinances which are reported to have been
relaxed over time.
73
 With the approval of the DRRM (Republic Act
No. 10121) expect that there would be a
paradigm shift
emphasizing disaster
management to a disaster risk management
approach, with much greater importance given
to reducing risk. The RA was approved on 27
May 2010, and the Implementing Rules and
Regulations was crafted by the Task Force RA
10121 headed by the OCD.

74. …Continued
RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
 Systematic process of using administrative decisions,
organization, operational skills and capacities to implement
policies, strategies and coping capacities of the society and
communities
 Setting of related goals and objectives in development and land use
areas.
DRRM
 It involves the formulation of strategies and Plans, Programs and
Activities (PPAs)
74

75. …Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
 Institutionalize Local Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Office
 Establish Early Warning System
 Formulation of Communication Protocol
 Formulation of Evacuation Procedures at the community level and
establishments
 Organize Local DRRMC and define the functional roles and
responsibilities of the members and task units
DRRM
 Establish Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
75
 Hazard awareness
seminars
through
Community-Based
trainings
and

76. …Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
 Integrate disaster risk reduction into the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan (CLUP) and land use planning
 Integrate hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment into the
development plan
 Cluster Approach on Recovery Program
 Good working relationship with Warning Agencies and the Local
Media
DRRM
 Installation of rain gauges on mountain slopes
76
(DENR-MGB CAR recommended that 150 mm of rainfall observed
within 24 hours would already trigger evacuation of communities in
high risk areas)

77. …Continued
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK
 Strengthening of the LGU capabilities on disaster management;
 Updating the hazard profile of all municipalities and to analyse data
on human induced disasters for public safety studies
DRRM
 Effective flow of communication system to ensure that accurate flow
of information before, during and after disasters
77

78. DRRM
…Continued
78
WHAT MUST BE DONE TO REDUCE RISK

79. …Continued
RISK REDUCTION METHOD
In the following order
1. Identify, characterize, and assess threats
2. Assess the vulnerability of critical assets to specific threats
3. Determine the risk (i.e. the expected consequences of specific
types of attacks on specific assets)
4. Identify ways to reduce those risks
DRRM
5. Prioritize risk reduction measures based on a strategy
79

80. …Continued
POTENTIAL RISK TREATMENTS
Once risks have been identified and assessed, all techniques to
manage the risk fall into one or more of these four major categories:
DRRM




80
Avoidance (eliminate, withdraw from the risk area)
Reduction (optimize resources to mitigate effects )
Sharing (risk transfer or enrol in insurance)
Retention (accept, plan - formulate ConPlan, Evac Plan, ICS and
provision of budget)

81. …Continued
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
 A comprehensive disaster risk management strategy, actively
involving stakeholders at all levels of government as well as the
private sector, local communities and civil society, is required to
implement the legislative framework and to provide coordination and
monitoring mechanisms and arrangements.
DRRM
 Individual disaster risk reduction actions and programs need to be
located within this strategy, rather than treated as discrete, individual
measures. Moreover, the strategy needs to indicate specific entry
points and mechanisms for mainstreaming disaster risk reduction
concerns into both the broader development agenda and the design
and implementation of individual development initiatives.
81

82. DRRM
…Continued
82
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
 Individual line agencies and local governments are legally
responsible for implementing disaster management, as it is still
commonly referred to in department circulars and executive orders,
within their own areas of responsibility. In practice, some LGUs have
yet to even establish their disaster coordinating councils (DCCs),
while those DCCs that have been established vary in quality. In
addition, reflecting Presidential Decree (PD) 1566’s reactive
approach to DCC meetings are commonly held only on an ad hoc
basis, in response to crisis situations, rather than on a more regular
basis to discuss ongoing risk reduction initiatives, and DCCs’ risk
reduction and mainstreaming capacity and capabilities are often
very limited.

83. …Continued
RA NO. 10121
27 May 2010
14th Congress
(2007-2010)
13th Congress
(2004-2007)
12th Congress
(2001-2004)
R.A. 10121
11th Congress
(’98-2001)
83
10th Congress
(’95-’98)
9th Co2ngress
(’92-’95)
8th Congress
(’89-’92)
PD 1566
June 11, 1978
• 21 years in the
making
• 7 Congresses
• 4 Administration

84. …Continued
DRRMC ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK
NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCIL
 17 REGIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
 80 PROVINCIAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
 117 CITY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
R.A. 10121
 1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS
84
 41,945 BARANGAY DISASTER RISK REDUCTION & MANAGEMENT COUNCILS

85. ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER 173 SERIES 2010
Mayor
BAGUIO CITY
City Administrator /
Action Officer
85

86. R.A. 10121
…Continued
86
THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MAY 27, 2010
 An Act Strengthening The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management System, providing for the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Framework, and Institutionalizing the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan, appropriating funds
therefor and for other purposes (DRRM Act 2010)

87. …Continued
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
…Continued
The law which transforms the Philippines’ Disaster Management
System from Disaster Relief and Response towards Disaster Risk
Reduction.
87
Bottom-up and
participatory disaster
risk reduction
Disasters as merely a
function of physical
hazards
R.A. 10121
Top-down and centralized
disaster management
Disaster mainly a
reflection of people's
vulnerability
Focus on disaster
response and anticipation
Integrated approach to
genuine social and human
development to reduce
disaster risk and adoption
of IT in DRM

88. …Continued
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDING PRINCIPLES
 Institutional not personality oriented
 Permanent solution not temporary or palliative
R.A. 10121
 Preemptive evacuation is better than rescue
88

89. R.A. 10121
…Continued
The enactment of the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Act of 2010 (also known as Republic Act 10121), aims to
achieve a paradigm shift from reactive to proactive approach in
disaster risk reduction and management.
 One of the main objectives of Disaster Preparedness it to “Enhance
the community with the necessary skills to cope with the negative
impacts of a disaster”.
 The state of readiness for PDRRMC, MDRRMC and CDRRMC is
greatly determines the extent to which potential casualties and
damages can be reduced.
89

90. …Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
Emergency/Disaster Management
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
/
Public awareness
Public commitment
Community actions
Education & Training
Early Warning
SOP & Plans
ICS Development
•
•
•
•
•
•
Executive/Legislative Agenda
Environmental Management
Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Risk proofing
Financial tools
Hazard identification &
Mitigation:
Vulnerability Analysis
Capacity Analysis
Risk Reduction
DANA
Relief
SAR
Incident Command System
Evacuation
Health
Preparedness
Prevention
R.A. 10121
Rehabilitation
90
•
•
•
•
•
Response
Livelihood
Housing
Lifelines
Education
Infrastructure
REACTIVE

91. 91
R.A. 10121
…Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT

92. …Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
National Disaster Risk Reduction & Management Framework
EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT
DISASTER RISK
MANAGEMENT
Reactive
Proactive
R.A. 10121
Disaster Response
92
Disaster Risk Reduction
Emergency Specialists
Hazard Scientists
Risks Specialists
Economic Managers
Development Planners

93. …Continued
PARADIGM SHIFT
Emergency/Disaster Risk Management
Mitigation:
Risk Reduction /Prevention
R.A. 10121
Preparedness
93
Rehabilitation
Response
PROACTIVE

94. EMERGENCY/DISASTER
OPERATIONS CENTER

95. BAGUIO CDRRMC-DOC
95

96. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
• Is a central command and control facility responsible for carrying out
the principles or functions of emergency / disaster
preparedness and management at a strategic level in an emergency
situation, and ensuring the continuity of operation of a company,
political subdivision or other organization.
• An Emergency / Disaster OPCEN is responsible for the strategic
overview, or "big picture", of the disaster.
• Used in varying ways at all levels of government and within private
industry to provide coordination, direction and control during
emergencies.
96

97. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
…Continued
• The common functions of all E/D OPCEN is to collect, gather and
analyze data; make decisions that protect life and property, maintain
continuity of the organization, within the scope of applicable laws;
and disseminate those decisions to all concerned agencies and
individuals.
• In most E/DOC's, there is one individual in charge, and that is
the Emergency/Disaster Manager.
97

98. DISASTER OR EMERGENCY OPCEN
…Continued
BRINGS TOGETHER THE VITAL ASPECT OF :
SITUATION
ASSESSMENT AND
MONITORING
SITUATION
MONITORING
DISSEMINATION
of WARNING
INFORMATION
COLLECTION
& ANALYSIS
RESOURCE
DISPATCH, TRACKING
& REQUEST
MEDIA & PUBLIC
INFORMATION
98
Working 24/7
TASK
ALLOCATION
ACTIVATION of the
BDRRMC responders & others
With DISASTER
MNGT FUNCTION
COORDINATION &
COMMUNICATION
ACTION PRIORITIES

99. ACTIVATION

100. ACTIVATION
UNDERSTANDING THE COLORED ALERT STATUS & DISASTER WARNING SYMBOLS
NOTIFICATION - When an event/disaster occurs, notification is made to
all partner agencies, and CDRRMC Disaster Operations Center support
staff who needs to take actions as part of their pre-assigned tasks and
responsibilities;
BLUE ALERT (PARTIAL ACTIVATION) - An initial limited or
a post Red Alert scaled down operational condition of the
Disaster Operations Center (DOC). All field personnel go
on stand-by, assets pre-positioned for easy deployment;
RED ALERT (FULL ACTIVATION) - All primary and
secondary support agencies of the CDRRMC are on
active status/on-call, manning respective stations
along with DOC staff, while directing-coordinating
personnel/assets on a 24-hour basis during an ongoing event;
DEACTIVATION - The DOC Chief as may be directed
by the Chief Executive or Action Officer to deactivate
the alert status and normal operations of the
Disaster Operations Center resumes.
100
STAGES or LEVELS
of ACTIVATION for
DRRMCs

101. ACTIVATION
RED
…Continued
Full scale activation
• Full scale activation.
• Citywide activation of the BDRRMC’s & respective operations
centers.
• Focal members of the CDRRMC’s will be in the operations center
for fast action, coordination & decision.
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns.
101

102. ACTIVATION
BLUE
…Continued
Partial activation
• Partial activation - whole members
• Citywide activation of the BDRRMCs & respective operations
centers
• Convene a council meeting to address preparedness for response
& other concerns
102

103. ACTIVATION
WHITE
• 24/7 monitoring of AOR
103
…Continued
Monitoring

104. SITUATIONAL ISSUES
THINGS TO CONSIDER

105. SITUATIONAL ISSUES
In any major situation, there are three (3) critical issues that usually
arise, namely:
105

106. SITUATIONAL ISSUES
…Continued
106
TIME CONSTRAINT
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
WARN PEOPLE
EVACUATE THE PEOPLE
SAVE LIVES
CASUALTIES
• INJURED
• DEAD
• MISSING
IMPENDING HAZARDS
UTILITY SHUT DOWN
LOOTERS
Others
…Continued

108. SITUATIONAL ISSUES
…Continued
108
COORDINATION
•
•
•
•
•
•
WHAT?
WHERE?
WHEN?
WHO?
HOW?
Others
…Continued

109. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
SIX (6) BUILDING BLOCKS

110. INCIDENT MANAGEMENT
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
ENFORCEMENT
110
DANA
SAR
EMS
FIRE
SUPPRESION
EVACUATION
& RELIEF

111. STRUCTURAL FIRE
Tiong San Bazaar, 1:00 PM, April 2, 2008
Property and merchandise worth around P 200 million were lost in a 10-hour fire.
111

112. STRUCTURAL FIRE
…Continued
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
DANA
SAR
EMS
ENFORCEMENT
FIRE
SUPPRESION
E
R
TS
I
F
112
EVACUATION
& RELIEF

113. LANDSLIDE
Little Kibungan, Puguis, La Trinidad, Benguet
The landslide buried more or less 25 houses 50+ residents.
113

114. LANDSLIDE
…Continued
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
DANA
SAR
EMS
ENFORCEMENT
FIRE
SUPPRESION
AN
NG
LITTLE
BU
KI
114
EVACUATION
& RELIEF

115. VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
Byron Bus 198 Accident
May 11, 2005, Badiwan, Tuba, Benguet : 29 dead
115

116. VEHICULAR ACCIDENT
…Continued
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
DANA
SAR
EMS
ENFORCEMENT
FIRE
SUPPRESION
WAY
VA
HIGH
COS
MAR
116
EVACUATION
& RELIEF

117. S.A.R.
Flash Flood Victim SAR, September 30-October 5, 2012
Point of Origin: Crystal Cave, Baguio City – Point of Sighting: Sitio Pacac, Tuba, Benguet
117

118. S.A.R.
…Continued
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
DANA
SAR
EMS
ENFORCEMENT
FIRE
SUPPRESION
FLOOD
FLASH
MISSING
TO
DUE
118
EVACUATION
& RELIEF

119. AIRCRAFT CRASH
Crash Incident Presidential Chopper BELL 412
April 7, 2009, Brgy. Eheb, Tinoc, Ifugao : 8 dead
119

120. AIRCRAFT CRASH
…Continued
COMMAND & CONTROL
LAW
DANA
SAR
EMS
ENFORCEMENT
FIRE
SUPPRESION
2
1
CRASH
4
BELL
120
EVACUATION
& RELIEF

121. INCIDENT
REPORTING / RECIEVING

122. WHAT TO DO
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(WHO) IDENTIFY YOURSELF
(WHAT) IDENTIFY NATURE OF CALL
(WHERE) EXACT ADDRESS/LOCATION
(WHEN) STATE EXACT TIME AND DATE
(HOW) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THAT MAY BE RELEVANT
*AFTER A CALL, ALWAYS DO VERIFICATION*
122

123. INCIDENT
PROFILING

124. INCIDENT PROFILING
Profile of the Incident:
 What
:
_____________________________________
(Type of incident)
 When
:
_____________________________________
(Date and time of occurrence)
 Where
:
_____________________________________
(Estimated location)
 Why
:
_____________________________________
(Probable cause of the incident)
124

125. INCIDENT PROFILING
…Continued
 Who
:
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
(Affected population and responding agencies in the area)
 How
:
_____________________________________
(How was the response carried out?)
125

126. QUESTIONS?
126

127. “We are not preparing for the world we live in - we
are preparing for the world we find ourselves in.”
– Michael Mabee
Prepping for a Suburban or Rural Community: Building a Civil Defense Plan for a Long-Term Catastrophe
127

128. THANK YOU!
128

129. REFERENCES
•
Andrew Alex Uy
OCD-CAR/CRDRRMC
•
Hazard
http://www.backgroundalpha.com/Hazards.html
•
Risk
http://bcalliance-international.com/select-services/risk-management-and-iso-31000/risk-management-services
http://dilipchandra12.hubpages.com/hub/Risk-Treatment-Plan
•
Disaster
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster
•
Trashslide
http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/i/MSNBC/Components/Photo/_new/pb-110828-garbage-cannon.jpg
http://www.interaksyon.com/article/12111/mina-toll-rises-to-26-six-more-missing
http://mghelman.tumblr.com/
http://www.sunstar.com.ph/baguio/local-news/2011/08/29/typhoon-mina-leaves-8-dead-cordillera-176058
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/51141/state-of-calamity-declared-in-trash-swamped-baguio
http://bulatlat.com/main/2013/06/25/baguios-garbage-woe-affects-classes/
http://richardbalonglong.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/wall-es-plant-2/
•
Typhoon Parma
http://www.typhoon2000.ph/stormarchives/2009/trax/pepeng09_16tx.gif
•
Climate Change
http://mncgreens.blogspot.com/2012/02/event-australian-attitudes-to-climate.html
http://www.climate-speakers.org.uk/
129