1. BY:
Chan Xian Wei
Muhammad Nor
Azmi
Syaza Melati
Athirah Alizan
Irnahanis Sofia

3. Prenatal
• Human development starts
from from fertilization.

4. • One ovum will reach maturity every 28 days in
the ovary.
• Soon, ovulation process takes place.

5. • Ovulation takes place when a matured egg is released
from the ovary, moves to the fallopian tube and is
ready for fertilization.
• This phase starts from the first day of the last
menstrual period (LMP). Average women ovulate
between 11 to 21 days. Around the 11th day after the
period starts, the ovary releases a mature egg down
the fallopian tube to the uterus. This should occur on
or about the 14th day for women with an average 28-
day cycle.

6. Zygote
• Zygote is produced when the ovum has been
fertilized by the sperm.

7. • Fertilization of two ovum by two different
sperms will produce duo zygote twins or also
known as fraternal twins.
• If the ovum fertilized by a sperm divides into
two, that is the zygote is divided and each part
continues to divide, it will develop and
become monozygote twins or identical twins.
• Prenatal stage takes nine months and is
divided into three phase that is
germinal, embryo and foetus.

8. INFANTS

9. 1. Breast milk.
• Provides the ideal nutrition for infants.
• Contains antibodies that help the baby to fight
off viruses and bacteria.
• More likely to gain the right amount of weight.
http://www.webmd.com/parenting/baby/breastfeeding-9/nursing-basics

10. 2. Playing with baby
• Teach the infants to interact with the world.
• Simple objects such as musical toys and toys
with contrasting colors.
• Blowing bubbles for babies to reach for and
watch, and playing in the water.
http://www.livestrong.com/article/130669-factors-positively-
influence-infant-development/#ixzz2K2B074XL

11. 3. Tummy time
• Parents place their baby on their stomach for
short periods of time.
• Helps your baby strengthen her neck,
shoulders, arms and muscles.
http://www.bellybelly.com.au/baby/tummy-time-for-babies

12. 4. Conversations with baby.
• Talking to baby.
• Parents can tell their infant something, or ask
a question, then wait for a babble response.
• To reading books, speaking slow, repeating
words and using simple words is the key to
communicating with infants.
http://www.mamashealth.com/child/babble.asp

13. PHYSICAL CHANGES IN :
CHILDREN

14. • Growth of young children in the Preoperational
stage of development has slowed down a bit
compared to infancy, early childhood is still a
time of tremendous physical changes.
• During this period, children's bodies change
proportions and they start to look more like
adults than babies.
• Arms and legs stretch to catch up and balance out
the head and trunk.
http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.p
hp?type=doc&id=12755&cn=462

15. • Children also begin to lose their "baby fat" as
they develop sleeker, straighter bodies with the
strong muscles necessary for work and play.
• On average, young children can expect to grow 2
to 3 inches in height per year.
• Children should get plenty of exercise and sleep,
and eat a balanced diet in order to continue to
develop strong muscles and bones and to
maintain a healthy weight.
Kail, Robert V (2011). Children and Their Development (6th
Edition) (Mydevelopmentlab Series). Englewood Cliffs, N.J:
Prentice Hall

16. Physical Development: Motor
Skills
• During early childhood, children continue to
expand their repertoire of physical skills, adding
to those that were mastered during infancy.
• Throughout this stage, girls tend to develop
slightly faster than boys.
• Between ages 2 and 3 years, young children stop
"toddling.
• As they develop a smoother gait, they also
develop the ability to run, jump, and hop.
http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.p
hp?type=doc&id=12755&cn=462

17. • Children who are 3 to 4 years old can climb up
stairs using a method of bringing both feet
together.
• 3 to 4 year olds can jump and hop higher as
their leg muscles grow stronger. Many can
even hop on one foot for short periods of
time. They also develop better upper body
mobility. ( catching and throwing things.
http://www.sevencounties.org/poc/view_doc.p
hp?type=doc&id=12755&cn=462

18. • By ages 4 to 5, children can go up and down the
stairs alone in the adult fashion (i.e., taking one
step at a time).
• During ages 5 to 6, young children continue to
refine earlier skills.
• Children of this age begin mastering new forms of
physical play such as the jungle gym, and begin to
use the see-saw, slide, and swing on their own.
• Children continue to refine and improve their
gross motor skills through age 7 and beyond.
Kail, Robert V (2011). Children and Their Development
(6th Edition) (Mydevelopmentlab Series). Englewood
Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall

19. Physical Change in
Early Adolescent

20. Early Adolescent is…
• Adolescence is a time of great change for young people
when physical changes are happening at an accelerated
rate.
• Approximately 12-14 years of age.
• During adolescence, young people go through many
changes as they move from childhood into physical
maturity.
Source: http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/002003.htm#i
xzz2K5nLL9P7

21. GIRL:
 Gain in height and weight( rapid growth in height
between ages 9.5 and 14.5)
 Growth of pubic and underarm hair
Body sweats more
Hair and skin become more oily
Breast development and menarche (first
menstruation)
 Reach adult patterns at about 13 to 14 years.
 changes in body proportions.
 increase in body fat.
Source: http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/002003.h
tm#ixzz2K5nfmw1c

22. BOY:
Gains in height and weight
Growth of pubic hair-- as well as armpit, leg, chest,
and facial hair -- begins in boys at about age 12, and
reaches adult patterns at about 15 to 16 years.
Body sweats more
Hair and skin become more oily
Nocturnal emissions (typically start between ages 13
and 17 years old)
Deepening of voice
"Adam's apples," grows larger during this period.
 Muscle growth is more obvious compare to female
adolescence.
Source: http://www.umm.edu/ency/article/002003.htm#ixzz2K5
o6DXXg

23. Factors
influencing
physical
change in
early
adolescence
Nutrition
Lifestyle
Genetic
Hormonal
change