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Study On Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregates In Concrete By Recycled Concrete Aggregates
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Study On Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregates In Concrete By Recycled Concrete Aggregates
1.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 680 Study On Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregates In Concrete By Recycled Concrete Aggregates Prof. Preethi AV1, Dr. Rajendra S 2, Mr. Sanjay HN 3 1Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 2 Principal, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India 3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Vijaya Vittala Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - In order to produce the concrete, a significant amount of natural resources are needed, particularly in the developing nations like India where urbanization and infrastructure development are on therise. Thefineaggregate is one such resource. Due to the gradual depletion of natural sand resources and the major issues they pose to both the environment and humanity, it has led to the exploration for other acceptable alternatives. The present work investigates about the development of a novel construction material by utilizing Recycled Concrete Aggregate(RCA)assubstitutionof natural fine aggregates in the production of concrete. The replacement is done from 0% to 30% at an interval of 5%. The grade of concrete used is M20 and w/c ratio maintained is 0.5. The experimental investigations have been done to examine the effect of RCA on the characteristics of concrete, including workability, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength. The results oftheexperimentalinvestigation depict that the workability of the concrete reduces with increase in percentage of RCA and the optimum replacement of fine aggregates by RCA is 25%. Key Words: Construction, Concrete, Fine Aggregates, Workability, Strength. 1. INTRODUCTION The combination of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates and water make up concrete and depending on the requirements, admixtures or fibers or otheradditivesare also added. It's a heterogeneous composite and without a doubt, the most frequently utilized construction material in the whole world. A semi-fluid mass may be created in the presence of these components and can be molded into any desired shape. Using proper curing techniques, concrete is turned into a hard solid material that may survive for hundreds of years. The versatility, dependability and sustainability of concrete, as well as its strength, rigidity, durability, mouldability, efficiency and economy are reasons for its widespread use in the construction sector. In influencing the fresh and curing properties, mix proportions and costs of concrete, the fine and coarse aggregates that make up 60 to 70 percent of the volume are critical factors. Aggregate qualityand type are crucial factors in concrete construction, since they are the basic building blocks of the finished project.Gravel andstoneareoftenused in concrete as coarse aggregates, whereas river sand or natural sand is generally benefitted as fine aggregates. River sand, a granular substance made up of fragmented rock and mineral particles that occurs naturally. Sand from the river has the potential to replenishitself. Silica(silicon dioxide), in the form of quartz, accounts for the majority of the sand's composition, due to its chemical inertness and substantial hardness. The cost of natural sand grows as the supply diminishes near the point of consumption, increasing the entire building cost. Findinganalternatematerialthatfitsthe technical criteria of fine aggregate and its wide accessibility would help ensure long-term infrastructure expansion. Civil engineers have been conducting a broad variety of studies in an effort to locate an alternative supply of fine aggregates. The bulk of the world's infrastructure is built using concrete. As a consequence of the many concrete structures have started to deteriorate due to the complicated interactions between concrete and its surrounding environment, as well as the lack of routine maintenance, concrete recycling is becoming increasingly popular when concreteconstructionsareremovedorrepaired.Itispossible to ensure the long-term viability of concrete structures by concrete recycling. Many locations can provide recycled concreteaggregates. Demolitionwasteandprecastconcretes are the most common sources of these aggregates. Recycled concrete aggregates may be made from many crushing of concrete debris. Cementitious renderings and masonry mortars as a natural sand alternative, road construction and filler material forgeo-synthetic reinforced buildings and soil stabilization are all examples of low-grade applications where they are now employed. 2. METHODOLOGY The various methods that are employed in this study are as follows. The materials needed for the developmentofconcrete, including cement, river sand, RCA, and coarse aggregates are obtained from various sources.
2.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 681 The procured materials are subjected to basic testing in the laboratory. The mix design for concrete grade M20 is performed in accordance with IS: 10262-2009, with a w/c ratio of 0.5. The various mix combinations are determined by replacing a portion of the fine aggregates in concrete with RCA at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%. Before casting the specimen, the workability of concrete is examined in accordance with IS: 1199- 1959. The specimens are casted on various mix combinations and cured in accordance with the test requirements. The compressive strength test is performed in accordance withIS:516-1959on150mm*150mm*150 mm cube specimens cured for 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. The split tensile strength is performed according to IS:5816-1999 on cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 150mm and a height of 300mm that cured for 3 days, 7 days, and 28 days. The flexural strength is performed on 100mm* 100mm*500mm beam specimens cured for 28 days according to IS: 516-1959. 3. MATERIALS 3.1 Cement In a broader sense, cement refers to any adhesive substance, but in more specific it refers to the binding material used in building and civil engineering projects. The cement is made of fine powder, that when combined with water, solidify to form a solid mass. Hydration, the chemical reaction of the cement compounds with water to produce minute crystals or a gel like substance with a large surface area, is what causes setting and hardening. Constructional cement, which will even set and solidify under water, are frequently referred to as hydraulic cements because of their hydrating qualities. Of these, Portland Cement is the most significant. The OPC cement of Ambuja of grade 53 in accordance to IS: 12269-1987 is utilized throughout the study. The basic properties of cement are given in the below table 1. Table -1: Properties of Cement Sl. No. Properties Results 1 Specific Gravity 3.09 2 Standard Consistency 36% 3 Initial Setting Time 35 min. 4 Final Setting Time 360 min. 3.2 Fine Aggregates Natural sand which is predominately utilized as fine aggregates, which is a key component of concrete. The hardened properties of the concrete are significantly impacted by the quality and fine aggregate density. By choosing fine aggregates based on grading zone, particle form, surface texture, abrasion and skid resistance, one can increase the strength, durability and affordability of the concrete or mortar combination. The structural filler in concrete mix formulas that takes up the majority of the volume is fine aggregate. The significant outcome may be affected by varying the composition, shape, size and other characteristics of fine aggregate. The natural sand that is readily available in the area is utilized. The size of the fine aggregates passing through 4.75mm is considered. Tests were carried out in accordance withIS2386(PART3)-1963. The basic properties of natural sand are given in the below table 2. Table -2: Properties of Fine Aggregates Sl. No. Properties Results 1 Specific Gravity 2.57 2 Sieve Analysis 2.67 3 Bulking 4% 3.3 Coarse Aggregates Stone that has been shattered into small pieces and is shaped erratically are considered as coarse aggregates. In construction projects, aggregates like limestone,graniteand river aggregate are used. Although there are numerous elements or components used to make concrete mix, coarse aggregates account for the majority of the mix volume and are one of its most important constituents. The majority of the times, these aggregates are obtained by blasting at stone quarries, breaking them by hand, or using crushing equipment. The coarse aggregate utilized in this project has a maximum size of 20mm. The tests were carried out according to the protocol outlinedinIS2386(PART3)-1963. The basic properties of coarse aggregates are given in the below table 3.
3.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 682 Table -3: Properties of Coarse Aggregates SN. Properties Results 1 Specific Gravity 2.67 2 Sieve Analysis 7.16 3 Water Absorption 0.45% 3.4 Recycled Concrete Aggregates Multiple crushing of destroyed concrete yields the recovered fine aggregates needed for new concrete construction. For this project, 150 micron retained sieve aggregates are employed. The properties of RCA aregiven in the table 4. Table -4: Properties of RCA Sl. No. Properties Results 1 Specific Gravity 2.34 2 Bulking 9% 3 Sieve Analysis 3.52 3.5 Water Cement is mixed with water since it is the most cost effectiveandappropriatecomponent.Whenmakingconcrete, it is important to use water that is free of any dangerous impurities, such as oil or alkalis or acids. In general, only potable is importantthatthemanufactureofconcreteinclude the usage of water. So long as the pH of the water remains constant is within the range of 6.5 to 8.5 and the organic materials are removed, it may be utilized to produce concrete. 3.6 Mix Design The mix design of concrete with M20 grade is carried out as per IS:10262-2009. The water to cementratiomaintained is 0.5. The obtained mix proportions are given in the table 5 and various mix designations are given in the table 6. Table -5: Mix Proportion Sl. No. Materials Proportion Weight (Kg/m3) 1 Cement 1 394.3 2 Fine Aggregates 1.58 624.9 3 Coarse Aggregates 2.93 1157 4 Water 0.5 197 Table -6: Mix Designation Sl. No. Mix Designation 1 R0 0% RCA Replacement 2 R1 5% RCA Replacement 3 R2 10% RCA Replacement 4 R3 15% RCA Replacement 5 R4 20% RCA Replacement 6 R5 25% RCA Replacement 7 R6 30% RCA Replacement 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1 Workability Test The results of the slump cone test of concrete are given in the table 7. It can be observed that the workability of the concrete decreases with increase in percentage of RCA. This trend is observed because the water absorption of RCA is more when compared to the natural sand. The graphical results of workability test are given in the chart 1. Table -7: Workability Test Results Sl. No. Mix Designation Slump Value(mm) 1 R0 108 2 R1 107 3 R2 105 4 R3 103 5 R4 101 6 R5 98 7 R6 97 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 Chart -1: Workability Test Results
4.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 683 4.2 Compressive Strength Test The results of compressive strength test are given in the table 8. The compressivestrengthat28daysishighestfor R3 i.e., 29.33 N/mm2 and strength is increased by 6.42% when compared to conventional concrete R0. The compressive strength increases upto R3 and further rise in RCA reduces the concrete’s compressive strength. It can also be seen that the compressive strength of R4 is slightly higher compared to the conventional concrete R0 and has the satisfactory results. The graphical results of compressive strength are shown in the chart 2. Table -8: Compressive Strength Test Results Sl. No. Mix Designation Compressive Strength(N/mm2) 3 Days 7 Days 28 Days 1 R0 18.32 22.35 27.56 2 R1 18.78 23.44 27.95 3 R2 19.32 24.67 28.44 4 R3 20.88 25.22 29.33 5 R4 19.64 24.33 28.20 6 R5 18.20 22.28 27.22 7 R6 17.67 22.12 26.20 Chart -2: Compressive Strength Test Results 4.3 Split Tensile Strength Test The results of the split-tensile strength test are given in the table 9. The split-tensile strength is highest for R3 i.e., 4.08 N/mm2 and strength is increased by 9.1% when compared to the conventional concrete R0. The further increase in percentage of RCA reduces the tensile strength of concrete. It can be observed that the split tensile strength of R5 also has satisfactory results compared to theconventional concrete R0. The graphical results of the split tensile strength are drawn in the chart 3. Table -9: Split Tensile Strength Test Results Sl. No. Mix Designation Split-tensile Strength(N/mm2) 3 Days 7 Days 28 Days 1 R0 2.61 2.97 3.74 2 R1 2.68 3.04 3.82 3 R2 2.75 3.11 3.96 4 R3 2.78 3.16 4.08 5 R4 2.56 2.89 3.92 6 R5 2.48 2.75 3.86 7 R6 2.40 2.68 3.72 Chart -3: Split Tensile Strength Test Results 4.4 Flexural Strength Test The results of flexural strength test aregiveninthetable 10. The flexural strength of conventional concrete R0 at 28 days is 5.87 N/mm2. The R3 has the highest flexural strength of 6.37 N/mm2 at 28 days which is 8.5% more when compared to the R0. It can be observed that R5 hasresultthat is satisfactory to R0. The graphical resultsofflexural strength test are given in the chart 3. Table -10: Flexural Strength Test Results SN. Mix Designation Flexural Strength(N/mm2) 1 R0 5.87 2 R1 6.12 3 R2 6.25 4 R3 6.37 5 R4 6.18 6 R5 5.92 7 R6 5.76
5.
International Research Journal
of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 12 | Dec 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 684 Chart 4: Flexural Strength Test Results 5. CONCLUSIONS The conclusions that can be drawn from the study are as follows. The workability of the concrete decreases with increase in percentage replacement of RCA. The R3 has the highest compressive strength of 29.33 N/mm2 at 28 days which is 6.42% more when compared to the R0. The highest split-tensile strength of 4.08 N/mm2 is examined for R3 which is 9.1% more when compared to the R0 at 28 days. The flexural strength at 28 days is highestfor R3 which is 8.5% more when compared to the R0. The optimum replacement of fine aggregates by RCA in concrete is 15%. REFERENCES [1] Marija Nedeljkovi´c, JeanetteVisser,BrankoSavija,Siska Valcke and Erik Schlangen “Use offinerecycledconcrete aggregates in concrete” A critical review Journal of Building Engineering 38 (2021) 102196. [2] Ritesh Vishwakarma and Pratiksha Malviya “An experimental study on propertiesofconcreteusingRHA and RFA as a partial replacement of fine aggregates and fly ash as a cement” International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Vol. 3, Issue 3, 2019. [3] S Muthu Lakshmi and R R Nivedhitha “Effect of partial replacement of aggregates by recycled concrete debris on strength of concrete” Malaysian Journal of Civil Engineering 27(2):250-259, 2015. [4] Catarina Neno, Jorge de Britoa and Rosário Veiga “Using Fine Recycled Concrete Aggregate for Mortar Production” Materials Research, 2014. [5] Mohd Monish, Vikas Srivastava1, V. C. Agarwal and Rakesh Kumar “Utilization of demolished waste as fine aggregate in Concrete” Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research, Vol. 1(7) December 2012. [6] Sami W. Tabsh, Akmal S. Abdelfatah “Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete” ConstructionandBuildingMaterials23(2009) 1163–1167. [7] L. Evangelista and J. de Brito “Mechanical behavior of concrete made with fine recycled concrete aggregates” Cement and Concrete Composites, Vol. 29, Issue 5, May 2007.
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