Presentation in English given at the Toward Total Sanitation workshop in Cotonou, Benin, from 12 - 14 November 2013. The presentation was given by Melanie Carrasco of IRC.

1. FROM CLTS TO
SUSTAINABLE
SANITATION SERVICES
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“Towards sustainable total sanitatin” – Bénin
Background
paper
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2. A WELL KNOWN SITUATION
 Since 2006, there is a shift in implementing approaches,
CLTS was seen as THE new solution to increase coverage
levels and was progressively implemented in national
policies
 Today: many “mixed” approaches CLTS / PHAST /
subsidies… are being implemented
.. For what results?
 MDG not met in most west-African countries for
sanitation
 No dramatically increase of coverage, and if yes:
 For how long?
 With which level of services?
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3. CURRENT APPROACHES
Traditional sanitation
Emphasis/ focus
Mode of learning
Role of community
Areas of major shift
Role of outsiders
CLTS approach
Toilet construction
Verbal
Passive recipients of ideas,
technologies and subsidies
People’s empowerment
Visual
Active drivers and innovators
Traditional Sanitation
CLTS approach
Teaches, advises, prescribes and Facilitates a process of change and
supplies hardware
empowerment
Major outcome
Increased number of latrines
ODF communities, absence of
faeces in the open
Toilet designs are
undertaken by
Outside engineers
Insiders and community engineers
Indicators of measurement
of change
Number of latrines built
Number of ODF communities
Major inputs
Sanitary hardware, subsidies in
cash or materials
Software/ training and capacity
building
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4. CURRENT APPROACHES
 What these approaches can achieve:
 Create local know-how
 Encourage community ownership
 Triggering behavioral change
 Latrines up to standard
 Pro-poor measure
 Increased coverage
 What are the common gaps
 Programme bound/no long term mechanisms in place
 No follow-up beyond programme and no monitoring
 Maintenance and maintenance costs are not addressed
 No choice and availability of technologies adapted to the local
context
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5. SANITATION VALUE CHAIN
Source: WaterAid, 2012
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6. IT IS NOT JUST ABOUT COVERAGE,
IT IS ABOUT DELIVERING A SERVICE
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7. THE LADDER METAPHOR
Access to sanitary latrines
Use by all, throughout the year, for people in
and around the household
Reliability (latrines maintained, replaced and
emptied when full)
Environmental protection (safe disposal and /
or productive use of faecal sludge)
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8. THE LADDER METAPHOR
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9. WHAT IS NEEDED TO ENSURE
SANITATION SERVICE DELIVERY?
The framework:
 Social component (at community level): the creation of demand
(triggering / social marketing) and motivation to sustain
 Technical component (within and beyond the community):
strengthening the supply chain (know -how, materials), making sure the
right technology is of fered ( Cf the value chain)
 Institutional component: strengthening of an enabling environment:
that stakeholder know their role / coordinate actions and harmonize
 Financial component: Well -aligned financial arrangements; ensuring
that at ever y scale, stakeholder have the financial capacity.
But this is far beyond the scope of households….
 …. So how to deal with this in a WASH sector dominated by household -led
approaches?
 Need for a shift of reponsibilities?
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10. THE ROAD AHEAD –SUGGESTIONS TO
OPERATIONALISE A SERVICE
 Sanitation ser vices deliver y models are countr y and area - specific
 Ser vice deliver y is a complex task which cannot only be done at local
level,
 Need to reinforce the capacity of authorities
 Political suppor t and leader ship
 Technology, options and quality of construction;
 Innovations,
 Strong regulation in place
 Suppor ting financing mechanisms;
 Suppor ting households in maintaining and upgrading. How? And who?
 Reinforce links with the private sector. What will be the role of each
stakeholder?
 Reinforce monitoring tools
 Put in place sustainability closes and post -implementation
measures…..
…………………………………..
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Your ideas?
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11. Merci!
Thank you!
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