Energy Efficiency 2017
Brian Motherway
Head, Energy Efficiency Division

© IEA 2017
Key messages
2016 confirmed the recent step up in global energy efficiency gains
• The world is generating more value than ever from its energy use, and there has been a
noticeable acceleration in recent years
This is generating economic, social and environmental benefits
• Energy intensity improvement is the main reason energy related emissions have levelled off
• Because of energy efficiency, global energy use was 12% lower in 2016, resulting in global
economic gains and significant savings for households
But stronger policy implementation is essential
• The global picture masks very different country performances and low rates of new policy
implementation. Gains will erode quickly if the pace of policy delivery does not accelerate

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Energy-related CO2 emissions have been flat since 2014
IEA analysis shows that global energy-related CO2 emissions remained flat in 2016 for the third year in a
row, even though the global economy grew
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2014 2015 2016
Gt
Global energy-related CO2 emissions

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28
30
32
34
36
2014 emissions GDP growth Renewables and fuel
mix
Energy intensity 2016 emissions
Emissions(BilliontonnesCO2e)
Energy intensity improvement is keeping emissions down
The combination of energy efficiency improvement and the move towards renewables and cleaner fuels
has been key to avoiding 2 billion tonnes of additional greenhouse gas emissions
Factors influencing greenhouse gas emissions, 2014-16

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The world is generating more value from its energy use
This decade has seen intensity improvement rates at almost double the historic average, suggesting
that the world has entered a new era of faster intensity gains.
Changes in global energy intensity (energy per unit of GDP)
-3.0%
-2.0%
-1.0%
0.0%
1981-90 1991-2000 2001-10 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Annualchangeinenergyintensity
Average annual change 1981-2010 Average annual change 2011-2016

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Global energy use is significantly changing
Energy efficiency reduced global energy use by 12% in 2016, an amount equivalent to the energy use of
the European Union.
Global final energy consumption and savings from energy efficiency
0
2 000
4 000
6 000
8 000
10 000
12 000
2000 2016
Mtoe
Efficiency
savings

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Energy consumers are making big savings
Efficiency improvements made since 2000 reduced energy spending in 2016.
German consumers saved nearly USD 50 billion on their annual home and travel energy costs.
Per capita household energy expenditure savings in 2016 due to efficiency
$60
$580
$470
$430
$370
$140
$60
Germany France United
Kingdom
Japan United
States
China Mexico
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
%reductiononenegryexpenditure

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24% 26% 28% 30% 32%
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
% of global energy use covered by mandatory efficiency policies
Existing policies New policies
Policies of the past drive progress of today
The amount of global energy use covered by mandatory efficiency policies grew in 2016, but 68% of
energy use remains uncovered. We owe the efficiency gains of today to the policies of the past.
Annual additions to the global policy coverage of mandatory codes and standards
Existing policies New policies

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Vehicle efficiency policy is two-speed
Nearly 40 countries have fuel efficiency standards for cars.
Only Canada, China, Japan and the United States have standards for trucks.
Efficiency standard coverage by transport end-use, 2016
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Cars
Energyusecoveredbyfuelefficiency
standards
Trucks
Europe
Asia
North America
China
USA
Japan
Canada

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Demand for space cooling is heating up
Space cooling is the fastest growing source of electricity demand.
There is significant future cooling energy growth that has minimal policy progress today
Space cooling energy use and policy progress
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
40%
Policy progress index
Australia Korea United States Japan China India Italy Indonesia Mexico Brazil
2015 energy use 2050 energy use (projected)

© IEA 2017
Concluding points
• Energy Efficiency 2017 shows the critical importance of energy efficiency to
economies, households and the environment.
• There has been a step up in efficiency gains in recent years, despite lower energy
prices, and this is having many positive impacts.
• However, 68% of global energy use remains uncovered by mandatory efficiency
policy and the current low rate of policy implementation needs to accelerate.
• Decarbonisation requires the integration of efficiency and renewables into the
energy system through a harmonised policy approach.
• The IEA is attacking the unmet energy efficiency potential by facilitating
knowledge sharing and providing concrete policy recommendations.