This document summarizes pleural effusions, including their anatomy, mechanisms, etiologies, clinical presentations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. Pleural effusions can be caused by conditions that elevate pleural pressures or permeability. A diagnostic thoracentesis is usually needed to determine if an effusion is a transudate or exudate and identify the underlying cause. Management depends on the etiology but may include antibiotics, drainage, or anti-tuberculosis therapy.
HMCS Max Bernays Pre-Deployment Brief (May 2024).pptx
4 pleural effusions
1. Pleural Effusions Can-mao Xie Dept. of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine 1 st Affiliated Hospital of Sun-Yat Sen University Dr. Canmao xie
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Figure 1. Anatomy of the pleural space SC: Systemic capillaries PC: Pulmonary capillaries Dr. Canmao xie stomas stomas electronic microscopy
8. Figure 2. pleural fluids turnover PF enter the pleural space through parietal & visceral pleurae, And leave pleural space through lymphatics in parietal pleura Dr. Canmao xie
9.
10. Figure. Diagrammatic representation of the pressures involved in the formation and absorption of pleural fluid. Parietal Pleura Visceral Pleura Space Pleura Hydrostatic Pressure + 30 - 5 + 24 35 29 6 0 Net 29 29 + 34 + 5 +34 Oncotic Pressure Dr. Canmao xie
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. A posteroanterior and lateral chest radiograph of pleural effusion blunting of the posterior costophrenic angle Dr. Canmao xie
![Contents ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr. Canmao xie](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)