EASAN : Singapore's Response to Sanitation and Water Challenges

1. Singapore’s Response to Sanitation and Water
Challenges
Ooi Kian Eng
Director
PUB, national water agency of Singapore
Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources
1

2. Singapore’s Water Challenges
Land Area: ~700 sqkm
Population: 5 million
Rainfall: 2.4m/year
Water Demand: 300mgd
2

3. Clear and committed vision, and strong will
from political leaders
“The sustainable development of cities is one key
challenge of our time. Good Governance is vital in
tackling this challenge, and achieving the right balance
between economic growth, environmental protection and
high quality of life…..”
Mr Lee Hsien Loong, Prime Minister
3

4. Population
Hygiene
Achieved 100% Sanitation by 1997
('000)
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
1997: 100%
modern sanitation
2000
1500
1987: Nightsoil
1000
phased out
500
0
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Year
Population('000) Population served Population served
by night soil by moden sanitation
4

5. Strict Regulation through Legislation and
Enforcement
5

6. Leveraging on innovations and adopting new
water technology
6

7. Closing the Water Loop
From sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking water, to treatment of used
water and turning it into NEWater, drainage of storm water
treatment
stormwater rain
Rain sea
sea
Sea
of
management
used water
reclamation
of
used water
(NEWater)
collection desalination collection
of rainfall
of used water
in drains &
in sewers
reservoirs supply of
treatment of water to the
raw to potable population &
water industries
7

8. Sustainable Water Management
“Water for All” “Conserve, Value, Enjoy”
4 National 3P Approach
Taps
Supply Demand
8

9. 9
Water for All

10. Local Water Catchments
MacRitchie Reservoir
Protected Punggol
Unprotected Catchment Urban
Catchment Stormwater Kranji Reservoir
Collection
System
Legend
Unprotected Water Catchment
Protected Water Catchment
New Water Catchment
Bedok Stormwater Pond
• Two-thirds of Singapore’s land area is water catchment,
with longer term plan to increase it to 90%
10

11. Second National Tap
Imported Water from Johor, Malaysia
• Two water agreements with Johor: one expired in 2011,
the other will expire in 2061
11

12. Third National Tap
NEWater
Kranji Plant
NEWater meets 30% of
Singapore’s water needs
17 mgd
Changi Plant
50 mgd
Bedok Plant
Legend Ulu Pandan
NEWater pipeline Plant
NEWater Plant 18 mgd
32 mgd
Service Reservoir
12

13. 4) 3-Steps NEWater Treatment Process to Drinking Water
Quality
Reverse Osmosis
Secondary Microfiltration /
Treated Ultrafiltration
Treated
Used Water
Effluent
13
NEWater Ultraviolet Disinfection

14. NEWater
NEWater Visitor Centre
Branding as ‘NEWater’
Garnering Public Acceptance
14

15. Endorsement by leaders
• Top government officials including the then
Prime Minister of Singapore showed their
support by drinking NEWater publicly
15

16. Fourth National Tap
Desalinated Water
 To augment and diversify our water
resources
 SingSpring Pte. Ltd., under a 20 year DBOO
arrangement with PUB
 One of the largest seawater RO plants
 Supply of 30 mgd for 20 years
 Opened on 13 Sep 05
16

17. 3-in-1 Marina Barrage
Flood Control Water supply Lifestyle attraction
“Creating a reservoir in the
city centre of Singapore”
MARINA RESERVOIR
SEA
Construction of drainage
pumping station at Marina Construction of barrage 17
South

18. 18

19. Kranji WRP
Seletar WRP
(decommissioned )
Kim Chuan WRP
(decommissioned)
Ulu Pandan WRP Bedok WRP
(decommissioned)
Jurong WRP
Changi WRP
Phase 2 Phase 1
(completed 2009) North Tunnel
Deep Tunnel Sewerage System (DTSS)
19

20. Changi Water Reclamation Plant
Liquids Treatment Modules
Solids Treatment
Building
Digesters
DTSS Pumping
Station
20

21. Challenges Ahead – Leveraging on R&D & Technology
Rising Energy Prices
Prices set to
increase in
the long run
Population Growth
Stringent Regulations Climate Change
& Higher Public Expectations
21

22. Journey to Low Energy Treatment
Variable Salinity Plants
Benefits:
 Energy consumption:
3.5kWh/m3 to
1.7kWh/m3
 Increase catchment
area from two-thirds to
90% of Singapore
22

23. Journey to Low Energy Treatment
Current 3.5 kWh/m3 SWRO
– Variable Salinity Process : 1.7 kWh/m3
– Memstill (with waste heat): 1.0 kWh/m3
– Electrochemical Desalting: 1.5 kWh/m3
Short-term < 1.5 kWh/m3
Breakthrough R&D
Long- term < 0.75 kWh/m3
Biomimetic Membranes / Biomimicry of Natural Desalination Processes
Mangrove
Aquaporins
23

24. Journey to Low Energy Treatment
Final
Effluent
Activated Membrane RO Unit
UASB Sludge Chamber
Prof. Gatze Lettinga
LKY Water Prize 09 Recipient
Raw
Sewage
Advantages of UASB system
• Biogas production for power
UASB System for generation
Wastewater • Reduction in power usage
Treatment • Less space
• Less sludge generation
24

25. 3P Approach
Friends of Water
Our Waters Programme
NEWater Visitor Centre
Community Outreach
25

26. The Blue Map of Singapore
26

27. Existing
27
Kolam Ayer Project - Before

28. Existing
ProposedProposed
28
Kolam Ayer Project - After

29. Existing
29
Lower Seletar Reservoir

30. Proposed
30
Family Bay at Lower Seletar Reservoir

31. Regional Cooperation
Singapore Cooperation Program Training Award (SCPTA)
– The primary platform through which Singapore offers technical assistance to other
countries. Water–related courses include water infrastructure project financing, sustainable water
resource management and strategic used water management etc.. Developing East Asia
countries are eligible. More info -
http://www.scp.gov.sg/content/scp/courses_offered_applicationprocedure/training_calendar/water
.html
31

32. Regional Cooperation
Temasek Foundation Water Leadership Program
– Designed for water leaders operating in Asian emerging markets that are adapting to the
increasing water and sanitation demands placed on them. It aims to expose participants to the
best practices in water utilities governance, practical guidance on managing water utilities
effectively, and potential strategies to deal with existing and future challenges. More info -
http://www.spp.nus.edu.sg/TFWLP_Programme.aspx or Contact Ms Luana Chow
luanac@nus.edu.sg or call (+65) 6516 7167
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33. Regional Cooperation
– World Health Organisation Collaborating Centre
33

34. Regional Cooperation
MWA Governor meeting with CE, PUB
in Nov 2011 in Bangkok
Singapore PUB-WHO Workshop on Water Safety Plan on 22 Feb 12
34

35. The Global Platform for the Sharing and Co-Creation
of Innovative Water Solutions
• Inaugural event started in 2008
• Gained traction as a premier global water event
• Key highlights include Lee Kuan Yew Water
Prize, Water Leaders Summit (by invitation
only), Water Convention, Water Expo &
Business Forums
• 5th SIWW held in conjunction with World Cities
Programme Summit & CleanEnviro Summit Singapore
Concept
Lee Kuan Yew Water An international water prize to recognise the achievements of individuals and/or
Prize organisations in the development of breakthrough water technologies
A by-invitation, high-level event bringing together global water leaders to discuss
Water Leaders Summit
pertinent water issues and policy solutions
A leading-edge international technology conference to share and discuss technical
Water Convention
solutions
An international water technologies exhibition showcasing leading water technologies
Water Expo
and products
Business Forums 35
A platform for networking, business matching & sharing of market opportunities

36. Thank You
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