SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 63
PSYCHOLOGY
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Introduction.
► Theories

of psychology & Behavioral
development.

► Psychological

status of patients .

► Psychological

management.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Introduction.
► Definition:-Psychology

is a branch of science
which deals with mind & mental processes
in relation to human & animal behaviour.

► Psychological

growth and development
proceed in a sequential order.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►
►
►
►
►
►

Sigmund Freud -1905 “Theory of sexuality”.
Karl Abraham subdivided the phases of psychosexual

development.
Carl-external factors play an important role in personal
growth & adaptation.
Harry-Human development is largely shaped by external
events mainly social interaction.
Erickson-developmental potentials at all stages of life.
Jean Piaget -Theory of cognitive development.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Psychologic Development.
Linked to the growth of the brain (cognitive areas)

► Influenced by genetic factor which is modified by

the environment.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Theories of Psychology & Behavioural
development.

► Behaviour

is a result of interaction between
innate & behaviour learned after birth.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Learning of Behaviour.
► Behavioural

responses can be learned by
three mechanisms:-Classical conditioning.
-Operant conditioning
-Observational learning.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Classical conditioning:described by Ivan Pavlov during his
studies on reflexes.

► First

► “Learning

by Association”.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Reinforcement

Every time they occur, the association between a
conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is strengthened.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Operant conditioning:►

According to B.F Skinner – Operant conditioning is a
significant extension of classical conditioning.

►

Consequence of behaviour is a stimulus for future
behaviour.
Stimulus

Response

Consequence

www.indiandentalacademy.com
3.

Four basic types of operant conditioning:Positive reinforcement.
Negative reinforcement.
Omission or Time out.

4.

Punishment.

►
1.
2.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Positive

Reinforcement:- If a pleasant

consequence follows a response, the response
has been positively reinforced.

► Negative

Reinforcement:-Involves the withdrawal

of an unpleasant stimulus after a response.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Omission

:- Involves removal of a pleasant

stimulus after a particular response.

► Punishment:-occurs

when an unpleasant stimulus
is presented after a response.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Four basic types of operant conditioning.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Observational Learning
(Modeling).
► This

is acquired through imitation of behaviour.
► Two distinct stages :-Acquisition
-Performance.
► Children are capable of acquiring any behaviour
they observe.
► Performing of an acquired behaviour depends on
the role model.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
•A child acquires a behaviour by first observing it &
then actually performing it.

•Important tool in the management of dental treatment.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Freudian or Psychoanalytic Theory
► Freud

proposed five stages that each goes
through prior to adulthood.
-Oral stage (0-1yr)
-Anal stage(2-3yrs)
-Phallic stage(3-5yrs)
-Latency stage(5-12yrs)
-Genital stage (puberty).

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Oral

stage:-

-Oral region is the main source of satisfaction.
-Regular feeding is of prime importance to the
infant.
-Imbalance at this stage leads to fixation &
prevent the transition to the next developmental
stage.
-Characteristics arising from incomplete
resolution of this stage are of addictive behaviour.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Anal stage:-

-Characterized by marked self centered behaviour.
-Anal zone becomes the primary zone of pleasure where functions of
retention & elimination take on new importance.
Incomplete resolution of this phase results in untidiness.
►

Phallic stage:-

-Child becomes aware of the differences between the sexes.
-Oedipus complex ie the conflictual situation arising between a child and
his parents during this phase.
Resolution of this is to identify his parent as role models.
-Unsatisfactory resolution results in Inability to form intimate sexual
relationships.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Latency stage:-occurs between 5-12yrs of age & is a period of consolidation.
-Increased importance is given to peer development and character
formation & previous drives become passive.

►

Genital stage:-Begins with puberty & is characterized by the reopening of the ego’s
struggle to gain mastery and control over the impulse of id and
superego.
-During this period , fluctuating extremes in emotional behaviour is
seen because of struggle to attain a firm sense of self being.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Stages of Emotional development.
►

Emotional development generally pass through
discrete stages.

►

Emotional Development:-

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Development of Basic trust:-birth to 18months of age.
-successful development depends on caring mother.
-“Maternal deprivation” syndrome is likely to occur in the child due to
inadequate maternal support.

►

Development of autonomy:-18months to 3yrs of age.
-Terrible two’s.
-Sense of autonomy develops as the child is moving away from the
mother.
-Failure to develop sense of autonomy results in the development of
doubts.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Development of Initiative:- (3 to 6yrs )
-develops greater autonomy.
-initiative is shown by physical activity, extreme curiosity &
questioning.
-guilt results from goals that are initiated but not completed.

►

Mastery of skills:-(7 to 11yrs )
-child acquires industriousness & begins the preparation for entrance
into a competitive & working world.
-Influence of peer group as role model increases.
-Failure to measure up to the peer group develops sense of
Inferiority.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Development of personality Identity(12 to 17yrs):-Adolescence, a period of intense physical development in which a
unique personality identity is acquired.
-Members of peer group become important role models.
-Motivation for seeking treatment can be internal or external.

► Development of Intimacy (young adult):-development during this stage begins with the attainment of intimate
relationships with others.
-Failure leads to isolation.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Guidance of the Next Generation:-(Adult)

-a major responsibility of mature adult is the establishment and
guidance of the next generation.
-The opposite personality characteristic in mature adults is stagnation
characterized by self-centered behaviour.
►

Attainment of Integrity:-(Late Adult)
-Final stage in the psychosocial development.
-Individual has adapted to the combination of gratification &
disappointment.
-opposite character despair is expressed as disgust & unhappiness.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Cognitive Development.
-Jean Piaget.
► Development

of intellectual capacities occurs in
discrete stages .
► Adaptation occurs through two complementary
process:-Assimilation
-Accommodation.
► Intelligence develops as an interplay between
assimilation & accommodation.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

4 stages of cognitive development:-Sensorimotor period.
-Preoperational period.
-Period of concrete operations.
-Period of formal operation.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Sensorimotor

period:-

-Communication between a child & adult is limited due to

lack of child’s language capabilities.
-Limited ability to interpret sensory data.
► Preoperational

period(2-7yrs):-

-general feature of thought processes & language during
this stage is Egocentrism & Animism.
-Child’s thought processes are dominated by the immediate
sensory impressions.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Period

of concrete operations(7-11yrs):-

-Improved ability to reason emerges.
-Egocentrism and animism declines.
► Period

of formal operations(11yrs-adult):-

-Ability to deal with abstract concepts develop.
-Child thought process is similar to adult.
- “Imaginary audience”-Elkind.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychological status of patients seeking orthodontic
treatment.
► Psychological

outcomes of orthodontics on the
patients self image is positive.

► Psychology

to the clinical practice of orthodontics
can be divided into:-Social psychology
-Motivational psychology

www.indiandentalacademy.com
►

Social Psychology of Orthodontics:-

Why patients seek orthodontic treatment?
-Dentofacial anomalies such as crooked teeth & skeletal

disharmonies have been reported as the cause of teasing
& harassment among children.

-Bennet & Philip.

►

Adults seek for treatment to improve their facial &
dental appearance which in turn will lessen social
embarrassment & improve the self confidence.
-Hunt & Johnston.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychologic outcomes of orthodontic
treatment:-

Dentofacial esthetics play an important role in a
individual’s self image.
Children with malocclusion did not have poor self
image & orthodontic treatment did not improve
it-Dann.
Dentofacial disharmonies have significant social &
psychological effect on the patient-Albino.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Kiyak

et al reported psychological

influences on the timing of orthodontic
treatment.
-Developing children well being may be an
indication for early orthodontic treatment.

-Racial differences may be present in the
psychological influences of orthodontics.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Motivational

psychology:-

The success of orthodontic therapy depends on patient
compliance.




Egolf described a compliant patient as one who

practices good oral hygiene, wears appliance, follows an
appropriate diet and keeps appointment.

Southard et al pointed out that improved co-operation by

the patient helps to achieve the treatment objectives within
a minimum time.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Improved

oral hygiene can decrease damage to
the periodontal tissues and limit the effects of
enamel decalcification and caries
-Nanda & Sinha

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Patient Management.
► Motivation.
► Communication.
► Pre

appointment behaviour modification.

► TSD

technique (Addelston).

► Efficiency

& organization.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychology of malocclusion.
►

An acquired habit is nothing but a new pathway of
discharge formed in the brain, by which certain incoming
currents ever after tend to escape – William James

► Habits

can be classified as

 useful habits
 harmful habits

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Developmental

psychologists have produced a
number of theories to explain thumb sucking
-Digital sucking has been related to inadequate
suckling activity - Freud.
-Prolonged suckling can lead to thumb sucking –

Sears & Wise.

► Thumb

sucking is a simple learned habit and
contradicts the psychoanalytic theory which uses
the habit as a symptom of a deeper emotional
disturbance – Haryett et al
www.indiandentalacademy.com
According to Dr.Barton
► Lack of love and affection
► Habit is evidence of a feeling of personal
inadequacy, frustration & insecurity.
► Improper nursing .

www.indiandentalacademy.com
•Malocclusion can have a profound psychological impact
and most of these children are shy, self-conscious and
withdrawn.
•The youngster who sucks his finger beyond the time that
is normal, faces a psychological problem as he knows that
this habit is not liked by parents or the society and also
realizes that he is causing a facial abnormality.
►Unfavorable

psychological effects tend to accompany
speech defects that are attributable to dental malocclusions.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychosocial implications of facial deformities
H. Asuman Kiyak
Rebecca Bell

►

Meanings of the Face

►

Psychosocial characteristics of patients with facial
deformities

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Meanings of the Face
► “The face is the area of one’s body that produces the

greatest concern regarding physical attractiveness; it is the
individual’s focal point and the source of vocal and
emotional communications with others”

►

Berscheid et al in a survey of over 1000 adults found that
people who were satisfied with their facial features
expressed greater self-confidence.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Meanings of the Face
► Berscheid

et al – the area of greatest dissatisfaction

for subjects in their large sample was the
appearance of their teeth

► Attractive

adults & children are evaluated as more
successful and more intelligent than are
unattractive persons and are viewed as more
socially skilled – GR Adams

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychosocial characteristics of patients with facial
deformities
►

Children with craniofacial anomalies are more
introverted, neurotic and demonstrate poor self-concept –

Perschuk et al
►

Children with Down’s syndrome were rated as being less
intelligent, less attractive, and less socially acceptable.
Postoperative ratings of these same children were significantly
more positive in all three domains – Strauss et al

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychosocial characteristics of patients with facial
deformities
►

A seriously handicapping orthodontic condition is the one
that “severely compromises a person’s physical or
emotional health” – AL Morris et al

►

Physical compromise – serious problems with
breathing, speaking, or eating, especially if accompanied
by tissue destruction

►

Emotional health – includes other’s reactions to the
individual in a way that influences self-esteem
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Summary
►

Research in the areas of self-esteem and attractiveness indicates that
the face is a major source of one’s psychologic identity

►

Orthognathic surgery differs from surgery for congenital anomalies (in
that the changes in appearance are less dramatic and improvements in
occlusion, mastication, speech, and TM joint function are likely to be
major reasons for treatment) – but patients undergoing this surgeries
also expect esthetic changes. They must adapt not only to changes in
their oral function, but also to changes in their perceived appearance
and interactions with others

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychosocial studies of patients with dentofacial
deformities - Kiyak et al
►

The First Study
 To study patient’s motives for seeking orthognathic surgery, the
effect of this procedure on people with diverse needs, and patient’s
satisfaction with treatment outcomes
 6 questionnaires were asked over a 26 month period

►

The Second Study
 Attempted to examine in greater detail the variables that emerged
as significant predictors of long-term outcomes
 The effect of orthognathic surgery was measured by comparing
patients who underwent surgery and orthodontics with those who
were recommended to have both but elected orthodontics alone
 6 questionnaires were asked before and up to 24 months after
surgery
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Patients before surgery
►
►
►
►
►

Motives for treatment
A scale to assess patient’s motives
Self-perceptions of facial profile
Sex differences
Orthognathic-surgery patients

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Motives for surgery
Parameter

Male

Female

Orthodontist

24(83%)

34(76%)

Family dentist

12(41%)

17(38%)

Other

5(17%)

1(2%)

Desire esthetic changes

12(41%)

13(53%)

Mastication

12(41%)

13(29%)

Speech

4(14%)

1(2%)

TM joint

1(3%)

7(16%)

Social: family, friends

12(41%)

24(53%)

Professional advice

Functional problems

www.indiandentalacademy.com
A scale to assess patient’s motives
► Subjective

Expected Utility (SEU) Model

 Items are based on interviews with orthognathic surgery
patients, orthodontists, and oral-maxillofacial surgeons
 Using a 10 point scale, patients are asked to indicate the
importance of each item in the list above and whether they
consider it positive , negative or neutral.
 In this study, SEU suggest that the decision to seek surgical
correction is influenced by functional reasons. Conversely, the
decision to reject surgery and undergo conventional orthodontics
seems to be based more on a desire for improved esthetics

www.indiandentalacademy.com
A scale to assess patient’s motives
Questions

Score

Less difficulty with chewing

3

Stop jaw from clicking

0

Eat foods unable to eat now

0

Better fit of upper/lower teeth

1.5

General health improvement

1.5

Possible pain after surgery

0

Better smile

0

Improved profile, jaw and chin

0

Straight teeth

0

Cost of surgery

0

Lost time from work/school

0.8

Chance of unsuccessful surgery

1.9

Be able to speak clearer

0

Less self-conscious

0

Perform better in job/school

0

Advice of family/friends

0

Advice of dentist/orthodontist

0.9
www.indiandentalacademy.com

Know of someone else’s surgery

0
Self-perceptions of facial profile
►

For all dimensions of facial deformity, patients who accept
surgical treatment view themselves as less normal than do
those who opt for no treatment or orthodontics

►

At the 24-month follow-up assessment, nearly all the
surgery patients rated themselves as normal. Orthodonticsonly patients also rated themselves improved on all
scales, but the improvement was not as great.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Sex differences
►

Broverman and colleagues have found experimental

evidence that women place relatively greater importance
on physical attractiveness
►

Kurtz et al found that women can more easily distinguish

what they like and dislike about their bodies than can men
of the same age, who give only global self-descriptions.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Orthognathic surgery patients
►

In present study both men and women scored within the
normal range, notably better than the cosmetic-surgery
population.

►

Sex differences were not significant in post surgical
satisfaction or in self-reports of pain.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Response to treatment
►

►
►
►
►
►

Overall satisfaction with the outcomes is generally high at all post
surgical assessments
Overall body image was found to be in the moderate range throughout
the course of treatment
Surgery patients initially expressed a lower body image than did non
surgical and no-treatment patients
Surgical patients had high levels of tension and anxiety just before
surgery, with a steady decline later
Orthodontics-only patients had negative mood states at 6 months
which later improved
In surgical-orthodontic patients, expectations matched the actual
experience for most patients.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Application of research findings to patient
management
►

Summary of research findings
 The patients undergoing orthognathic surgery are
always within the psychologically normal range
 They are more stable than people who seek plastic
surgery
 Their greatest concern before treatment appears to be
self-consciousness regarding their facial body
image, but functional problems also are important

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Application of research findings to patient
management
► Summary

of research findings

 Orthodontics-only patients report negative emotions
during the later stages of their treatment
 Contrary to literature on cosmetic surgery, most
patients undergoing orthognathic surgery readily accept
changes in appearance and are satisfied with the
esthetic effects
 85% to 90% of the patients undergoing surgicalorthodontic treatment eventually indicate that they are
satisfied with the treatment
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Recommendations for interaction
with patients
►

►

►

There is a need for systematic selection of
patients, preparation for surgical treatment, and careful
psychologic management throughout the course of surgical
and orthodontic treatment
Provide greater psychosocial support and encouragement
for the patient with a neurotic personality style, especially
in the early stages of treatment
Patient education materials provide information in a
standard way so that no important points are omitted, and
the patient can review it repeatedly to gain a better
understanding of the process.
www.indiandentalacademy.com
Pre- and post surgical psycho-emotional aspects of
the orthognathic surgery patient - Bertolini et al
►

►

►

Levels of pre surgical anxiety, post surgical
depression, body concept, and all the important changes in
physiologic functions were measured by 4 questionnaires.
The results of this study suggest that surgery does in
fact, produce improvements in self-esteem and body image
and in mastication and speech, and therefore in their
lifestyles
All patients experienced a medium to high level of pre
surgical anxiety, but no major problems after surgery.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Psychological status of cleft lip & palate patients.
►

A study comparing the self-concept of children with cleft lip
and palate to children without these conditions found a
significantly lower self-concept in the former group – JE

Jones
►

Serious social and psychological difficulties were
encountered in everyday life . The social rejection for these
facially disabled patients extended to their attempts to
obtain jobs, make friends, set apart as different from
others, frequently developed psychological disturbances – -Mac Gregor

www.indiandentalacademy.com
► Public

perception of cleft lip & palate patients least liked by children & adults.
-Landsdown & polak
-Glass et al
► Also, lip impairment & hypernasality of voice were
considered most favorable in these children.

www.indiandentalacademy.com
Thank you
For more details please visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com

www.indiandentalacademy.com

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

CHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICS
CHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICSCHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICS
CHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICSashwani mohan
 
Psycological management of orthodontic patients /certified fixed orthodontic...
Psycological management of orthodontic patients  /certified fixed orthodontic...Psycological management of orthodontic patients  /certified fixed orthodontic...
Psycological management of orthodontic patients /certified fixed orthodontic...Indian dental academy
 
psychological management of an orthodontic patient
psychological management of an orthodontic patientpsychological management of an orthodontic patient
psychological management of an orthodontic patientIndian dental academy
 
Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Indian dental academy
 
Psychology in orthodontics
Psychology in orthodontics Psychology in orthodontics
Psychology in orthodontics ShadowFighter1
 
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Indian dental academy
 
Handicapped children and medical problems
Handicapped children and medical problemsHandicapped children and medical problems
Handicapped children and medical problemssaad alani
 
Management of developmentally disabled children
Management of developmentally disabled childrenManagement of developmentally disabled children
Management of developmentally disabled childrenDeepshikha Singh
 
Behaviour introduction
Behaviour introductionBehaviour introduction
Behaviour introductionsafnaameen
 
Emotional and behavioral disorder
Emotional and behavioral disorderEmotional and behavioral disorder
Emotional and behavioral disordermakhay57557
 
Children With Emotional & Behavioral Disorders
Children With Emotional & Behavioral DisordersChildren With Emotional & Behavioral Disorders
Children With Emotional & Behavioral Disordersangelashultis
 
Children with disabilities
Children with disabilities Children with disabilities
Children with disabilities Soha Rashed
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

CHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICS
CHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICSCHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICS
CHILD AND ADULT PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS CORRELATION IN ORTHODONTICS
 
Psycological management of orthodontic patients /certified fixed orthodontic...
Psycological management of orthodontic patients  /certified fixed orthodontic...Psycological management of orthodontic patients  /certified fixed orthodontic...
Psycological management of orthodontic patients /certified fixed orthodontic...
 
psychological management of an orthodontic patient
psychological management of an orthodontic patientpsychological management of an orthodontic patient
psychological management of an orthodontic patient
 
Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
Psycological managemnt /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ...
 
Psychology in orthodontics
Psychology in orthodontics Psychology in orthodontics
Psychology in orthodontics
 
Psychology of malocclusion
Psychology of malocclusionPsychology of malocclusion
Psychology of malocclusion
 
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...
Patient management 1 /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental ac...
 
Handicapped children and medical problems
Handicapped children and medical problemsHandicapped children and medical problems
Handicapped children and medical problems
 
Management of developmentally disabled children
Management of developmentally disabled childrenManagement of developmentally disabled children
Management of developmentally disabled children
 
The frightened child
The frightened childThe frightened child
The frightened child
 
Emotional growth (2)
Emotional growth (2)Emotional growth (2)
Emotional growth (2)
 
Emotional growth
Emotional growthEmotional growth
Emotional growth
 
Emotional growth (3)
Emotional growth (3)Emotional growth (3)
Emotional growth (3)
 
Behaviour introduction
Behaviour introductionBehaviour introduction
Behaviour introduction
 
Behavioural sciences and its application to pedodontics
Behavioural sciences and its application to pedodonticsBehavioural sciences and its application to pedodontics
Behavioural sciences and its application to pedodontics
 
Emotional and behavioral disorder
Emotional and behavioral disorderEmotional and behavioral disorder
Emotional and behavioral disorder
 
Children With Emotional & Behavioral Disorders
Children With Emotional & Behavioral DisordersChildren With Emotional & Behavioral Disorders
Children With Emotional & Behavioral Disorders
 
Children with disabilities
Children with disabilities Children with disabilities
Children with disabilities
 
Children With EBD
Children With EBDChildren With EBD
Children With EBD
 
Psycological managemnt
Psycological managemntPsycological managemnt
Psycological managemnt
 

Andere mochten auch

Globalisation of indian social psychology
Globalisation of indian social psychologyGlobalisation of indian social psychology
Globalisation of indian social psychologypunarnav bharat
 
Concept of psychological health in india
Concept of psychological health in indiaConcept of psychological health in india
Concept of psychological health in indiaTarun Panda
 
Planning for orthodontic treatment
Planning for orthodontic treatmentPlanning for orthodontic treatment
Planning for orthodontic treatmentIAU Dent
 
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.History and evolution of edgewise appliance.
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.Sneh Kalgotra
 
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
 
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Indian dental academy
 
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant) Khaled Wafaie
 
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Indian dental academy
 
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Indian dental academy
 
History of psychology (powerpoint)
History of psychology (powerpoint)History of psychology (powerpoint)
History of psychology (powerpoint)Christian Aala
 
Psychology Internship Report
Psychology Internship ReportPsychology Internship Report
Psychology Internship ReportSaravanan Psyd
 
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodonticsTemporary anchorage devices in orthodontics
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodonticsParag Deshmukh
 
Guidance and counselling
Guidance and counsellingGuidance and counselling
Guidance and counsellingNursing Path
 

Andere mochten auch (20)

Globalisation of indian social psychology
Globalisation of indian social psychologyGlobalisation of indian social psychology
Globalisation of indian social psychology
 
Concept of psychological health in india
Concept of psychological health in indiaConcept of psychological health in india
Concept of psychological health in india
 
The international journal of indian psychology volume 2 issue-1 no. 1
The international journal of indian psychology volume 2 issue-1 no. 1The international journal of indian psychology volume 2 issue-1 no. 1
The international journal of indian psychology volume 2 issue-1 no. 1
 
Planning for orthodontic treatment
Planning for orthodontic treatmentPlanning for orthodontic treatment
Planning for orthodontic treatment
 
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.History and evolution of edgewise appliance.
History and evolution of edgewise appliance.
 
Indian psychology
Indian psychologyIndian psychology
Indian psychology
 
The international journal of indian psychology- volume 1 issue-2
The international journal of indian psychology- volume 1 issue-2The international journal of indian psychology- volume 1 issue-2
The international journal of indian psychology- volume 1 issue-2
 
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Orthodontic indices /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
 
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
CHILD PSYCHOLOGY /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
Diagnostic aids in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by India...
 
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)
Temporary Anchorage Device (TAD) or Mini (screw ,implant)
 
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
Edge wise appliance /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental aca...
 
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...
Recent advances in diagnostic aids /certified fixed orthodontic courses by In...
 
School Psychology
School PsychologySchool Psychology
School Psychology
 
History of psychology (powerpoint)
History of psychology (powerpoint)History of psychology (powerpoint)
History of psychology (powerpoint)
 
Psychology Internship Report
Psychology Internship ReportPsychology Internship Report
Psychology Internship Report
 
Ortho ppt
Ortho pptOrtho ppt
Ortho ppt
 
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodonticsTemporary anchorage devices in orthodontics
Temporary anchorage devices in orthodontics
 
Guidance and counselling
Guidance and counsellingGuidance and counselling
Guidance and counselling
 
Orthodontic diagnosis
Orthodontic diagnosisOrthodontic diagnosis
Orthodontic diagnosis
 

Ähnlich wie Psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
pediatric-Lec.3 child behavior
pediatric-Lec.3 child behaviorpediatric-Lec.3 child behavior
pediatric-Lec.3 child behaviorYahya Almoussawy
 
Growth and development
Growth and developmentGrowth and development
Growth and developmentrohit saroha
 
Child psychology / child behavioural management
Child psychology / child behavioural managementChild psychology / child behavioural management
Child psychology / child behavioural managementTushar Saxena
 
Focus on the learner
Focus on the learnerFocus on the learner
Focus on the learnerThonylet Lee
 
Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...
Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...
Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...Karishma Sirimulla
 
Child Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptx
Child Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptxChild Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptx
Child Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptxBhuvanDeepGupta1
 
Personality development
Personality developmentPersonality development
Personality developmentShahid Khan
 
Career Research Paper On Child Psychology
Career Research Paper On Child PsychologyCareer Research Paper On Child Psychology
Career Research Paper On Child PsychologyAngie Lee
 
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdf
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdfThe three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdf
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdfannammalassociates
 
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
 
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practice
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practiceTheories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practice
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practiceAashish Parihar
 

Ähnlich wie Psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy (20)

Psychology (2)
Psychology (2)Psychology (2)
Psychology (2)
 
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Child psychology
Child psychologyChild psychology
Child psychology
 
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Child psychology
Child psychologyChild psychology
Child psychology
 
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Psychologica /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Psychodynamic Theories
Psychodynamic TheoriesPsychodynamic Theories
Psychodynamic Theories
 
pediatric-Lec.3 child behavior
pediatric-Lec.3 child behaviorpediatric-Lec.3 child behavior
pediatric-Lec.3 child behavior
 
Growth and development
Growth and developmentGrowth and development
Growth and development
 
Child psychology / child behavioural management
Child psychology / child behavioural managementChild psychology / child behavioural management
Child psychology / child behavioural management
 
Focus on the learner
Focus on the learnerFocus on the learner
Focus on the learner
 
Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...
Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...
Applied child psychology - Psychodynamic theories,Fear,Anxiey,Classification ...
 
Child Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptx
Child Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptxChild Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptx
Child Psychology Erik Erikson Theory.pptx
 
Lxchildpsychology
LxchildpsychologyLxchildpsychology
Lxchildpsychology
 
Child psychology
Child psychologyChild psychology
Child psychology
 
Personality development
Personality developmentPersonality development
Personality development
 
Career Research Paper On Child Psychology
Career Research Paper On Child PsychologyCareer Research Paper On Child Psychology
Career Research Paper On Child Psychology
 
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdf
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdfThe three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdf
The three domains of human development are physical, cognitive and p.pdf
 
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
Child psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy
 
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practice
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practiceTheories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practice
Theories of personality development and its relevance to nursing practice
 

Mehr von Indian dental academy

Indian Dentist - relocate to united kingdom
Indian Dentist - relocate to united kingdomIndian Dentist - relocate to united kingdom
Indian Dentist - relocate to united kingdomIndian dental academy
 
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...Indian dental academy
 
Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india
Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india
Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india Indian dental academy
 
Invisible aligners for your orthodontics pratice
Invisible aligners for your orthodontics praticeInvisible aligners for your orthodontics pratice
Invisible aligners for your orthodontics praticeIndian dental academy
 
Development of muscles of mastication / dental implant courses
Development of muscles of mastication / dental implant coursesDevelopment of muscles of mastication / dental implant courses
Development of muscles of mastication / dental implant coursesIndian dental academy
 
Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  
Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  
Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  Indian dental academy
 
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Indian dental academy
 
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental courses
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesDiagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental courses
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesIndian dental academy
 
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic courses
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesProperties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic courses
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
 
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...
Use of modified  tooth forms  in  complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Use of modified  tooth forms  in  complete denture occlusion / dental implant...
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Indian dental academy
 
Dental luting cements / oral surgery courses  
Dental   luting cements / oral surgery courses  Dental   luting cements / oral surgery courses  
Dental luting cements / oral surgery courses  Indian dental academy
 
Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  Indian dental academy
 
Dental casting investment materials/endodontic courses
Dental casting investment materials/endodontic coursesDental casting investment materials/endodontic courses
Dental casting investment materials/endodontic coursesIndian dental academy
 
Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  Indian dental academy
 
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic courses
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic coursesDental ceramics/prosthodontic courses
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic coursesIndian dental academy
 
Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  
Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  
Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  Indian dental academy
 
Dental perspective/cosmetic dentistry courses
Dental perspective/cosmetic dentistry coursesDental perspective/cosmetic dentistry courses
Dental perspective/cosmetic dentistry coursesIndian dental academy
 
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  Indian dental academy
 

Mehr von Indian dental academy (20)

Indian Dentist - relocate to united kingdom
Indian Dentist - relocate to united kingdomIndian Dentist - relocate to united kingdom
Indian Dentist - relocate to united kingdom
 
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...
1ST, 2ND AND 3RD ORDER BENDS IN STANDARD EDGEWISE APPLIANCE SYSTEM /Fixed ort...
 
Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india
Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india
Invisalign -invisible aligners course in india
 
Invisible aligners for your orthodontics pratice
Invisible aligners for your orthodontics praticeInvisible aligners for your orthodontics pratice
Invisible aligners for your orthodontics pratice
 
online fixed orthodontics course
online fixed orthodontics courseonline fixed orthodontics course
online fixed orthodontics course
 
online orthodontics course
online orthodontics courseonline orthodontics course
online orthodontics course
 
Development of muscles of mastication / dental implant courses
Development of muscles of mastication / dental implant coursesDevelopment of muscles of mastication / dental implant courses
Development of muscles of mastication / dental implant courses
 
Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  
Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  
Corticosteriods uses in dentistry/ oral surgery courses  
 
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...
Cytotoxicity of silicone materials used in maxillofacial prosthesis / dental ...
 
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental courses
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental coursesDiagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental courses
Diagnosis and treatment planning in completely endntulous arches/dental courses
 
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic courses
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic coursesProperties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic courses
Properties of Denture base materials /rotary endodontic courses
 
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...
Use of modified  tooth forms  in  complete denture occlusion / dental implant...Use of modified  tooth forms  in  complete denture occlusion / dental implant...
Use of modified tooth forms in complete denture occlusion / dental implant...
 
Dental luting cements / oral surgery courses  
Dental   luting cements / oral surgery courses  Dental   luting cements / oral surgery courses  
Dental luting cements / oral surgery courses  
 
Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting alloys/ oral surgery courses  
 
Dental casting investment materials/endodontic courses
Dental casting investment materials/endodontic coursesDental casting investment materials/endodontic courses
Dental casting investment materials/endodontic courses
 
Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  
Dental casting waxes/ oral surgery courses  
 
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic courses
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic coursesDental ceramics/prosthodontic courses
Dental ceramics/prosthodontic courses
 
Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  
Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  
Dental implant/ oral surgery courses  
 
Dental perspective/cosmetic dentistry courses
Dental perspective/cosmetic dentistry coursesDental perspective/cosmetic dentistry courses
Dental perspective/cosmetic dentistry courses
 
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  
Dental tissues and their replacements/ oral surgery courses  
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxraviapr7
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTDR. SNEHA NAIR
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceApostolos Syropoulos
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...M56BOOKSTORE PRODUCT/SERVICE
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxDr. Asif Anas
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxvidhisharma994099
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustSavipriya Raghavendra
 
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.EnglishCEIPdeSigeiro
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
 
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINTARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
ARTICULAR DISC OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial IntelligenceA gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
A gentle introduction to Artificial Intelligence
 
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...KARNAADA.pptx  made by -  saransh dwivedi ( SD ) -  SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
KARNAADA.pptx made by - saransh dwivedi ( SD ) - SHALAKYA TANTRA - ENT - 4...
 
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic SupportMarch 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
 
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptxUltra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
Ultra structure and life cycle of Plasmodium.pptx
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
CHUYÊN ĐỀ DẠY THÊM TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11 - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 - HK...
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
 
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
Easter in the USA presentation by Chloe.
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 

Psychology /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy

  • 1. PSYCHOLOGY INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY Leader in continuing dental education www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 2. ► Introduction. ► Theories of psychology & Behavioral development. ► Psychological status of patients . ► Psychological management. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 3. Introduction. ► Definition:-Psychology is a branch of science which deals with mind & mental processes in relation to human & animal behaviour. ► Psychological growth and development proceed in a sequential order. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 4. ► ► ► ► ► ► Sigmund Freud -1905 “Theory of sexuality”. Karl Abraham subdivided the phases of psychosexual development. Carl-external factors play an important role in personal growth & adaptation. Harry-Human development is largely shaped by external events mainly social interaction. Erickson-developmental potentials at all stages of life. Jean Piaget -Theory of cognitive development. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 5. ► Psychologic Development. Linked to the growth of the brain (cognitive areas) ► Influenced by genetic factor which is modified by the environment. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 6. Theories of Psychology & Behavioural development. ► Behaviour is a result of interaction between innate & behaviour learned after birth. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 7. Learning of Behaviour. ► Behavioural responses can be learned by three mechanisms:-Classical conditioning. -Operant conditioning -Observational learning. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 8. Classical conditioning:described by Ivan Pavlov during his studies on reflexes. ► First ► “Learning by Association”. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 10. Reinforcement Every time they occur, the association between a conditioned and unconditioned stimulus is strengthened. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 11. Operant conditioning:► According to B.F Skinner – Operant conditioning is a significant extension of classical conditioning. ► Consequence of behaviour is a stimulus for future behaviour. Stimulus Response Consequence www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 12. 3. Four basic types of operant conditioning:Positive reinforcement. Negative reinforcement. Omission or Time out. 4. Punishment. ► 1. 2. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 13. ► Positive Reinforcement:- If a pleasant consequence follows a response, the response has been positively reinforced. ► Negative Reinforcement:-Involves the withdrawal of an unpleasant stimulus after a response. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 14. ► Omission :- Involves removal of a pleasant stimulus after a particular response. ► Punishment:-occurs when an unpleasant stimulus is presented after a response. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 15. Four basic types of operant conditioning. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 16. Observational Learning (Modeling). ► This is acquired through imitation of behaviour. ► Two distinct stages :-Acquisition -Performance. ► Children are capable of acquiring any behaviour they observe. ► Performing of an acquired behaviour depends on the role model. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 17. •A child acquires a behaviour by first observing it & then actually performing it. •Important tool in the management of dental treatment. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 18. Freudian or Psychoanalytic Theory ► Freud proposed five stages that each goes through prior to adulthood. -Oral stage (0-1yr) -Anal stage(2-3yrs) -Phallic stage(3-5yrs) -Latency stage(5-12yrs) -Genital stage (puberty). www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 19. ► Oral stage:- -Oral region is the main source of satisfaction. -Regular feeding is of prime importance to the infant. -Imbalance at this stage leads to fixation & prevent the transition to the next developmental stage. -Characteristics arising from incomplete resolution of this stage are of addictive behaviour. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 20. ► Anal stage:- -Characterized by marked self centered behaviour. -Anal zone becomes the primary zone of pleasure where functions of retention & elimination take on new importance. Incomplete resolution of this phase results in untidiness. ► Phallic stage:- -Child becomes aware of the differences between the sexes. -Oedipus complex ie the conflictual situation arising between a child and his parents during this phase. Resolution of this is to identify his parent as role models. -Unsatisfactory resolution results in Inability to form intimate sexual relationships. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 21. ► Latency stage:-occurs between 5-12yrs of age & is a period of consolidation. -Increased importance is given to peer development and character formation & previous drives become passive. ► Genital stage:-Begins with puberty & is characterized by the reopening of the ego’s struggle to gain mastery and control over the impulse of id and superego. -During this period , fluctuating extremes in emotional behaviour is seen because of struggle to attain a firm sense of self being. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 22. Stages of Emotional development. ► Emotional development generally pass through discrete stages. ► Emotional Development:- www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 23. ► Development of Basic trust:-birth to 18months of age. -successful development depends on caring mother. -“Maternal deprivation” syndrome is likely to occur in the child due to inadequate maternal support. ► Development of autonomy:-18months to 3yrs of age. -Terrible two’s. -Sense of autonomy develops as the child is moving away from the mother. -Failure to develop sense of autonomy results in the development of doubts. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 24. ► Development of Initiative:- (3 to 6yrs ) -develops greater autonomy. -initiative is shown by physical activity, extreme curiosity & questioning. -guilt results from goals that are initiated but not completed. ► Mastery of skills:-(7 to 11yrs ) -child acquires industriousness & begins the preparation for entrance into a competitive & working world. -Influence of peer group as role model increases. -Failure to measure up to the peer group develops sense of Inferiority. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 25. ► Development of personality Identity(12 to 17yrs):-Adolescence, a period of intense physical development in which a unique personality identity is acquired. -Members of peer group become important role models. -Motivation for seeking treatment can be internal or external. ► Development of Intimacy (young adult):-development during this stage begins with the attainment of intimate relationships with others. -Failure leads to isolation. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 26. ► Guidance of the Next Generation:-(Adult) -a major responsibility of mature adult is the establishment and guidance of the next generation. -The opposite personality characteristic in mature adults is stagnation characterized by self-centered behaviour. ► Attainment of Integrity:-(Late Adult) -Final stage in the psychosocial development. -Individual has adapted to the combination of gratification & disappointment. -opposite character despair is expressed as disgust & unhappiness. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 27. Cognitive Development. -Jean Piaget. ► Development of intellectual capacities occurs in discrete stages . ► Adaptation occurs through two complementary process:-Assimilation -Accommodation. ► Intelligence develops as an interplay between assimilation & accommodation. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 28. ► 4 stages of cognitive development:-Sensorimotor period. -Preoperational period. -Period of concrete operations. -Period of formal operation. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 29. ► Sensorimotor period:- -Communication between a child & adult is limited due to lack of child’s language capabilities. -Limited ability to interpret sensory data. ► Preoperational period(2-7yrs):- -general feature of thought processes & language during this stage is Egocentrism & Animism. -Child’s thought processes are dominated by the immediate sensory impressions. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 30. ► Period of concrete operations(7-11yrs):- -Improved ability to reason emerges. -Egocentrism and animism declines. ► Period of formal operations(11yrs-adult):- -Ability to deal with abstract concepts develop. -Child thought process is similar to adult. - “Imaginary audience”-Elkind. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 31. Psychological status of patients seeking orthodontic treatment. ► Psychological outcomes of orthodontics on the patients self image is positive. ► Psychology to the clinical practice of orthodontics can be divided into:-Social psychology -Motivational psychology www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 32. ► Social Psychology of Orthodontics:- Why patients seek orthodontic treatment? -Dentofacial anomalies such as crooked teeth & skeletal disharmonies have been reported as the cause of teasing & harassment among children. -Bennet & Philip. ► Adults seek for treatment to improve their facial & dental appearance which in turn will lessen social embarrassment & improve the self confidence. -Hunt & Johnston. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 33. Psychologic outcomes of orthodontic treatment:- Dentofacial esthetics play an important role in a individual’s self image. Children with malocclusion did not have poor self image & orthodontic treatment did not improve it-Dann. Dentofacial disharmonies have significant social & psychological effect on the patient-Albino. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 34. ► Kiyak et al reported psychological influences on the timing of orthodontic treatment. -Developing children well being may be an indication for early orthodontic treatment. -Racial differences may be present in the psychological influences of orthodontics. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 35. ► Motivational psychology:- The success of orthodontic therapy depends on patient compliance.   Egolf described a compliant patient as one who practices good oral hygiene, wears appliance, follows an appropriate diet and keeps appointment. Southard et al pointed out that improved co-operation by the patient helps to achieve the treatment objectives within a minimum time. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 36. ► Improved oral hygiene can decrease damage to the periodontal tissues and limit the effects of enamel decalcification and caries -Nanda & Sinha www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 37. Patient Management. ► Motivation. ► Communication. ► Pre appointment behaviour modification. ► TSD technique (Addelston). ► Efficiency & organization. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 38. Psychology of malocclusion. ► An acquired habit is nothing but a new pathway of discharge formed in the brain, by which certain incoming currents ever after tend to escape – William James ► Habits can be classified as  useful habits  harmful habits www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 39. ► Developmental psychologists have produced a number of theories to explain thumb sucking -Digital sucking has been related to inadequate suckling activity - Freud. -Prolonged suckling can lead to thumb sucking – Sears & Wise. ► Thumb sucking is a simple learned habit and contradicts the psychoanalytic theory which uses the habit as a symptom of a deeper emotional disturbance – Haryett et al www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 40. According to Dr.Barton ► Lack of love and affection ► Habit is evidence of a feeling of personal inadequacy, frustration & insecurity. ► Improper nursing . www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 41. •Malocclusion can have a profound psychological impact and most of these children are shy, self-conscious and withdrawn. •The youngster who sucks his finger beyond the time that is normal, faces a psychological problem as he knows that this habit is not liked by parents or the society and also realizes that he is causing a facial abnormality. ►Unfavorable psychological effects tend to accompany speech defects that are attributable to dental malocclusions. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 42. Psychosocial implications of facial deformities H. Asuman Kiyak Rebecca Bell ► Meanings of the Face ► Psychosocial characteristics of patients with facial deformities www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 43. Meanings of the Face ► “The face is the area of one’s body that produces the greatest concern regarding physical attractiveness; it is the individual’s focal point and the source of vocal and emotional communications with others” ► Berscheid et al in a survey of over 1000 adults found that people who were satisfied with their facial features expressed greater self-confidence. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 44. Meanings of the Face ► Berscheid et al – the area of greatest dissatisfaction for subjects in their large sample was the appearance of their teeth ► Attractive adults & children are evaluated as more successful and more intelligent than are unattractive persons and are viewed as more socially skilled – GR Adams www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 45. Psychosocial characteristics of patients with facial deformities ► Children with craniofacial anomalies are more introverted, neurotic and demonstrate poor self-concept – Perschuk et al ► Children with Down’s syndrome were rated as being less intelligent, less attractive, and less socially acceptable. Postoperative ratings of these same children were significantly more positive in all three domains – Strauss et al www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 46. Psychosocial characteristics of patients with facial deformities ► A seriously handicapping orthodontic condition is the one that “severely compromises a person’s physical or emotional health” – AL Morris et al ► Physical compromise – serious problems with breathing, speaking, or eating, especially if accompanied by tissue destruction ► Emotional health – includes other’s reactions to the individual in a way that influences self-esteem www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 47. Summary ► Research in the areas of self-esteem and attractiveness indicates that the face is a major source of one’s psychologic identity ► Orthognathic surgery differs from surgery for congenital anomalies (in that the changes in appearance are less dramatic and improvements in occlusion, mastication, speech, and TM joint function are likely to be major reasons for treatment) – but patients undergoing this surgeries also expect esthetic changes. They must adapt not only to changes in their oral function, but also to changes in their perceived appearance and interactions with others www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 48. Psychosocial studies of patients with dentofacial deformities - Kiyak et al ► The First Study  To study patient’s motives for seeking orthognathic surgery, the effect of this procedure on people with diverse needs, and patient’s satisfaction with treatment outcomes  6 questionnaires were asked over a 26 month period ► The Second Study  Attempted to examine in greater detail the variables that emerged as significant predictors of long-term outcomes  The effect of orthognathic surgery was measured by comparing patients who underwent surgery and orthodontics with those who were recommended to have both but elected orthodontics alone  6 questionnaires were asked before and up to 24 months after surgery www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 49. Patients before surgery ► ► ► ► ► Motives for treatment A scale to assess patient’s motives Self-perceptions of facial profile Sex differences Orthognathic-surgery patients www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 50. Motives for surgery Parameter Male Female Orthodontist 24(83%) 34(76%) Family dentist 12(41%) 17(38%) Other 5(17%) 1(2%) Desire esthetic changes 12(41%) 13(53%) Mastication 12(41%) 13(29%) Speech 4(14%) 1(2%) TM joint 1(3%) 7(16%) Social: family, friends 12(41%) 24(53%) Professional advice Functional problems www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 51. A scale to assess patient’s motives ► Subjective Expected Utility (SEU) Model  Items are based on interviews with orthognathic surgery patients, orthodontists, and oral-maxillofacial surgeons  Using a 10 point scale, patients are asked to indicate the importance of each item in the list above and whether they consider it positive , negative or neutral.  In this study, SEU suggest that the decision to seek surgical correction is influenced by functional reasons. Conversely, the decision to reject surgery and undergo conventional orthodontics seems to be based more on a desire for improved esthetics www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 52. A scale to assess patient’s motives Questions Score Less difficulty with chewing 3 Stop jaw from clicking 0 Eat foods unable to eat now 0 Better fit of upper/lower teeth 1.5 General health improvement 1.5 Possible pain after surgery 0 Better smile 0 Improved profile, jaw and chin 0 Straight teeth 0 Cost of surgery 0 Lost time from work/school 0.8 Chance of unsuccessful surgery 1.9 Be able to speak clearer 0 Less self-conscious 0 Perform better in job/school 0 Advice of family/friends 0 Advice of dentist/orthodontist 0.9 www.indiandentalacademy.com Know of someone else’s surgery 0
  • 53. Self-perceptions of facial profile ► For all dimensions of facial deformity, patients who accept surgical treatment view themselves as less normal than do those who opt for no treatment or orthodontics ► At the 24-month follow-up assessment, nearly all the surgery patients rated themselves as normal. Orthodonticsonly patients also rated themselves improved on all scales, but the improvement was not as great. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 54. Sex differences ► Broverman and colleagues have found experimental evidence that women place relatively greater importance on physical attractiveness ► Kurtz et al found that women can more easily distinguish what they like and dislike about their bodies than can men of the same age, who give only global self-descriptions. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 55. Orthognathic surgery patients ► In present study both men and women scored within the normal range, notably better than the cosmetic-surgery population. ► Sex differences were not significant in post surgical satisfaction or in self-reports of pain. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 56. Response to treatment ► ► ► ► ► ► Overall satisfaction with the outcomes is generally high at all post surgical assessments Overall body image was found to be in the moderate range throughout the course of treatment Surgery patients initially expressed a lower body image than did non surgical and no-treatment patients Surgical patients had high levels of tension and anxiety just before surgery, with a steady decline later Orthodontics-only patients had negative mood states at 6 months which later improved In surgical-orthodontic patients, expectations matched the actual experience for most patients. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 57. Application of research findings to patient management ► Summary of research findings  The patients undergoing orthognathic surgery are always within the psychologically normal range  They are more stable than people who seek plastic surgery  Their greatest concern before treatment appears to be self-consciousness regarding their facial body image, but functional problems also are important www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 58. Application of research findings to patient management ► Summary of research findings  Orthodontics-only patients report negative emotions during the later stages of their treatment  Contrary to literature on cosmetic surgery, most patients undergoing orthognathic surgery readily accept changes in appearance and are satisfied with the esthetic effects  85% to 90% of the patients undergoing surgicalorthodontic treatment eventually indicate that they are satisfied with the treatment www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 59. Recommendations for interaction with patients ► ► ► There is a need for systematic selection of patients, preparation for surgical treatment, and careful psychologic management throughout the course of surgical and orthodontic treatment Provide greater psychosocial support and encouragement for the patient with a neurotic personality style, especially in the early stages of treatment Patient education materials provide information in a standard way so that no important points are omitted, and the patient can review it repeatedly to gain a better understanding of the process. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 60. Pre- and post surgical psycho-emotional aspects of the orthognathic surgery patient - Bertolini et al ► ► ► Levels of pre surgical anxiety, post surgical depression, body concept, and all the important changes in physiologic functions were measured by 4 questionnaires. The results of this study suggest that surgery does in fact, produce improvements in self-esteem and body image and in mastication and speech, and therefore in their lifestyles All patients experienced a medium to high level of pre surgical anxiety, but no major problems after surgery. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 61. Psychological status of cleft lip & palate patients. ► A study comparing the self-concept of children with cleft lip and palate to children without these conditions found a significantly lower self-concept in the former group – JE Jones ► Serious social and psychological difficulties were encountered in everyday life . The social rejection for these facially disabled patients extended to their attempts to obtain jobs, make friends, set apart as different from others, frequently developed psychological disturbances – -Mac Gregor www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 62. ► Public perception of cleft lip & palate patients least liked by children & adults. -Landsdown & polak -Glass et al ► Also, lip impairment & hypernasality of voice were considered most favorable in these children. www.indiandentalacademy.com
  • 63. Thank you For more details please visit www.indiandentalacademy.com www.indiandentalacademy.com