Occlusion n articulatirs/ orthodontic continuing education

Introduction toIntroduction to
OcclusionOcclusion
INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
www.indiandentalacademy.com

What is this course about ?What is this course about ?
1.1. Analyze dynamics of teeth, TMJ, & neuromuscular systemAnalyze dynamics of teeth, TMJ, & neuromuscular system
2.2. Utilize a semi-adjustable articulator to assess jaw motionUtilize a semi-adjustable articulator to assess jaw motion
3.3. Design an optimum occlusal schemeDesign an optimum occlusal scheme

Why am I taking this course ?Why am I taking this course ?
….to understand the elements of an ideal occlusal system in order to
differentiate between a functional and dysfunctional occlusal system
and decide on an occlusal design prior to beginning restorative treatment

What should I already know ?What should I already know ?
1. Teeth by Name & Number & Form
2. Working / Nonworking Cusps
3. Excursive Pathwayswww.indiandentalacademy.com

Mesial
Distal
Buccal
Palatal/
Lingual
Question #1: Identify tooth by Name & Number.Question #1: Identify tooth by Name & Number.

Question #2: Identify tooth by Name & Number.Question #2: Identify tooth by Name & Number.
Mesial
Distal
Buccal
Palatal/
Lingual

Question #3: Name the excursive pathway shown by the arrows.

Question #4:Question #4: Identify at least 3 supporting cusps from the diagramIdentify at least 3 supporting cusps from the diagram
given a Class I occlusion.given a Class I occlusion.
a
b
c
d
e
f
g

Question # 5: Is this a right or left non-working movement ?Question # 5: Is this a right or left non-working movement ?

Basic TerminologyBasic Terminology
Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 1999Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms 1999
OcclusionOcclusion
the static relationship between the incising orthe static relationship between the incising or
masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibularmasticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular
teeth or tooth analoguesteeth or tooth analogues
Occlusion AnalysisOcclusion Analysis
the static relationship between the incising orthe static relationship between the incising or
masticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibularmasticating surfaces of the maxillary or mandibular
teeth or tooth analoguesteeth or tooth analogues

MIP (Maximal Intercuspal Position)MIP (Maximal Intercuspal Position)
tthe complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent ofhe complete intercuspation of the opposing teeth independent of
the condylar position, sometimes referred to as the best fit of thethe condylar position, sometimes referred to as the best fit of the
teeth regardless of the condylar positionteeth regardless of the condylar position
CR (Centric Relation)CR (Centric Relation)
1.1. the maxillomandibular relationship in which the condylesthe maxillomandibular relationship in which the condyles
articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respectivearticulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respective
disks within the complex in the anterior-superior position againstdisks within the complex in the anterior-superior position against
the shapes of the articular eminancesthe shapes of the articular eminances

ArticulatorArticulator
a mechanical instrument that represents the TMJs and jaws toa mechanical instrument that represents the TMJs and jaws to
which maxillary and mandibular casts may be attached towhich maxillary and mandibular casts may be attached to
simulate some or all mandibular movementssimulate some or all mandibular movements
Jaw RecordJaw Record
a registration of any positional relationship (e.g. vertical,a registration of any positional relationship (e.g. vertical,
horizontal or lateral position) of the mandible relative to thehorizontal or lateral position) of the mandible relative to the
maxillamaxilla

ClinicalClinical
EvaluationEvaluation
LaboratoryLaboratory
AnalysisAnalysis
OcclusalOcclusal
DesignDesign

Denar Mark IIDenar Mark II
• Semi-adjustable articulator
• Arcon
(articulator/condyle)
• Facebow
• lateral or protrusive
checkbites
• Fixed intercondyar distance

Mandibular Border MovementMandibular Border Movement
• Outer limits of all excursive mandibular movements are
known as border movements.
(e.g. location of mandible from its most retruded position to its
most forward and most R/L lateral positions)
• Mandibular functional movements are contained within
these border movements.
• Border movements on a patient are limited by ligaments
and are highly repeatable
• Jaw records/registrations of these borders are used to
program the various settings on articulators
Schillingburg, Herbert T. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics.3rd ed., Chapter 3.

Jaw Registration ofJaw Registration of
Condylar MovementsCondylar Movements
What is it and why do we record it?What is it and why do we record it?
it is a recording of the paths/postions of the condyles during border
movements that are recorded in order to program the articulator to
simulate the patient’s condylar movements
How is it recorded ?How is it recorded ?
1. Pantographic tracing to program a fully-adjustable articulator
2. Interocclusal records to program a semi-adjustable articulator
Facebow record
CR record
MIP record
Protrusive checkbite
Lateral checkbite
Schillingburg, Herbert T. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics.3rd ed., Chapter 3.www.indiandentalacademy.com

Jaw/Interocclusal RecordsJaw/Interocclusal Records
(semi-adjustable articulator)(semi-adjustable articulator)
1.1. Facebow RecordFacebow Record
to record the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch to an anatomic reference
point for the transfer of the maxillary cast to an articulator
2. Centric Interocclusal Record
to record the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular arches when the
condyles are in their most anterosuperior position in the glenoid fossae
3. Eccentric Interocclusal Records
a. Protrusive record: to adjust the condylar inclination (e.g. the angle at which the
condyle descends along the articular eminance)
b. Lateral record: to set the Bennett angle (e.g. the medial movement of the
balancing/orbiting condyle as measured from the saggital plane)
Schillingburg, Herbert T. Fundamentals of Fixed Prosthodontics.3rd ed., Chapter 3-5.

Denar Slidematic FacebowDenar Slidematic Facebow
Facebow Record: registration of the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch
to an anatomic reference point for the transfer of the maxillary cast to an articulator

Facebow RegistrationFacebow Registration
• This registration relates the maxillary arch to the
horizontal hinge axis of the patient.
• On a fully adjustable articulator, the “true hinge axis”
must be located
• On a semi-adjustable articulator, the “arbitrary hinge
axis” is used, and this is determined by the
manufacturer of the facebow and articulator system.

True Hinge AxisTrue Hinge Axis
• Requires hinge axis locator
• Used with fully adjustable
articulator
• Patients used to be tattooed
so that the facebow could
be repeated

Arbitrary Hinge AxisArbitrary Hinge Axis
• Located with the help of
the Denar ruler.
• The arbitrary hinge axis is
based upon the average
location as determined by
the manufacturer

Facebow Registration & TransferFacebow Registration & Transfer
Facebow Record: registration of the spatial relationship of the maxillary arch
to an anatomic reference point for the transfer of the maxillary cast to an articulatorwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Mechanical Systems used toMechanical Systems used to
Replicate Mandibular MovementReplicate Mandibular Movement
The following pictures of articulators are
from the notable collection shown at the
Smithsonian Museum in Washington D.C.
given by
Dr. Charles Paraskis.

ArticulatorArticulator
Class IClass I-- a simple holding instrument capable of accepting a single static
registration; vertical motion is possible (e.g .non-adjustable)
Class IIClass II--an instrument that permits horizontal as well as vertical motion,
but does not orient the motion to the temporomandibular joints
Class IIIClass III--an instrument that simulates condylar pathways by using
averages or mechanical equivalents for all or part of the motion;
allow for orientation of the casts relative to the joints and may be
arcon or nonarcon instruments (e.g. semi-adjustable)
Class IVClass IV--an instrument that will accept three dimensional registrations;
allow for orientation of the casts relative to the joints and
simulation of mandibular movements (e.g. fully adjustable)

Plaster ArticulatorPlaster Articulator
Phillip Pfaff 1756:
Plaster extensions on
the distal portions of the
casts were grooved for
articulation
Class IClass I-- a simple holding instrument capable of accepting a single static registration;
vertical motion is possible (e.g .non-adjustable)www.indiandentalacademy.com

““Barn Door Hinge” ArticulatorBarn Door Hinge” Articulator
• Described by J.B.
Garriot in 1805
• Each arm was bent at 90
degrees and capable of
opening and closing in a
hinge movement
Class IClass I-- a simple holding instrument capable of accepting a single static registration;
vertical motion is possible (e.g .non-adjustable)

Gysi Simplex ArticulatorGysi Simplex Articulator
• Designed by Gysi in 1914
• Arcon instrument
• Fixed intercenter distance
(e.g. intercondylar)
• Fixed condylar path 30ο
• Eccentric motion unrelated
to patient motion
(Class II, Subdivision A)
Class IIClass II--an instrument that permits horizontal as well as vertical motion;

Monson Articulator 1918Monson Articulator 1918
• George Monson orthodontist
from Minneapolis,MN
• Postulated that the center of
all mandibular motion was
located in the center of the
sphere with a 4 inch radius
• Eccentric motion based on
theories of arbitrary motion
(Class II, Subdivision B)
Class IIClass II--an instrument that permits horizontal as well as vertical motion;

Hanau H series 1923Hanau H series 1923
• Designed by Hanau when
dental community did not
accept the Kinoscope
• This instrument accepted a
protrusive “checkbite” but
lateral settings were
calculated : L=H/8+12
• Class III Subdivision A
(e.g.protrusive record accepted but
calculations for rest of motion)
Class IIIClass III--an instrument that simulates condylar pathways by using averages
or mechanical equivalents for all or part of the motion

Denar Mark IIDenar Mark II
Semi-Adjustable ArticulatorSemi-Adjustable Articulator
• Semi-adjustable articulator
• Arcon (articulator/condyle)
• Facebow
• lateral or protrusive
checkbites
• Fixed intercondyar distance
Class IIIClass III--an instrument that simulates condylar pathways by using averages
or mechanical equivalents for all or part of the motionwww.indiandentalacademy.com

Denar Fully Adjustable ArticulatorDenar Fully Adjustable Articulator
• Variable intercondylar
distance
• Variable condylar
inclination
• Variable Bennett angle
• Mechanical incisal pin
• Accepts pantographic
tracing
Class IVClass IV--an instrument that will accept three dimensional registrations; allows for
orientation of the casts relative to the joints and simulation of mandibular movements

Thank you
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Occlusion n articulatirs/ orthodontic continuing education

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