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2. INDIAN DENTAL ACADEMY
Leader in continuing dental education
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3. Introduction
Classification of Implants
Material used for Implants
Osseointegration
Use of Implants in Orthodontics
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4. Linkow- Father of oral Implantology.
Implants are defined as alloplastic
devices which are surgically inserted into
or onto the jaw bone-Boucher.
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6. Classification of Implants
According to their body geometry:-
-Threaded or Non threaded
-Porous or non porous
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7. Materials used for Implants
In 16 &17th century –Ivory dental implants .
20th century-Metal Implant devices.
1940 &1960’s-CoCrMo subperiosteal &
titanium blade implants.
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8. 1970’s-Non metal biomaterials
1982-Branemark Implant.
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9. Stainless steel:-18% Cr & 8% Ni
-surface passivation is required
-subjected to crevice & pitting corrosion.
Cobalt-Chromium-Molybdenum Alloy :-used in fabrication of custom designs
such as subperiosteal frames.
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10. Titanium:-exist in 3 forms
-Alpha
-Beta
-Alpha-Beta phase (most commonly used).
Ti-6Al-4V
Modulus of elasticity is equal to bone.
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12. Ceramics:Bioglass-contain oxides of Ca, Na, Si.
Polymers & Composites.
Other Implant Materials like Gold,
Palladium, Tantalum, Platinum, Zirconium.
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13. OSSEOINTEGRATION.
Term & concept of Osseointegration
-Branemark.
“An intimate structural contact at the implant
surface and adjacent vital bone devoid of
any intervening fibrous tissue.”
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14. Evolution of the concept of
osseointegration
Vital microscopic studies of the rabbit fibulatitanium chambered microscopes.
Series of experiments:-Titanium fixtures for immobilization of autologous
bone grafts.
- Tooth implants studies for healing & anchorage
stability.
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15. Study done on dogs to find out the load
bearing capacity of implants.
Optical titanium chambers were implanted in
humans-to assess the tissue reactions of
titanium implants.
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18. Principles of osseointegration
Factors important for reliable bone
anchorage of an Implanted device.
Implant biocompatibility:-
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30. Linkow-pioneer in the use of Implants in
Orthodontics.
Pt’s with one or more missing teeth.
Loss of teeth during the course of orthodontic
treatment.
Pt’s with CL-II malocclusion & missing lower
posterior teeth.
Periodontally compromised teeth.
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31. Anchorage for orthodontic purpose.
Skeletal Anchorage :Creekmoore(1983)
-Vitallium bone screw placed below the
anterior nasal spine is used for intrusion of
Upper anteriors.
-6mm of upper incisor intrusion was seen
after one year.
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32. Endosseous Implants for maxillary protraction
-Smalley etal (1988)
• A traction force of 600gm is used and protraction was
done till 8mm of anterior displacement of maxillary
complex occurred.
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33. Use of Endosseous Implant for closure of
extraction site
-Eugene Roberts (1989)
Endosseous Implants placed in the
retromolar region are used to close
the atrophic extraction site.
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43. Skeletal Anchorage system for Open bite correction
-Umemori , Sugawara etal (1999)
• Control of vertical dimension is
very important in correction of
anterior open bite
•‘L’ shaped titanium miniplates are used as a
Source of anchorage for intruding the molars.
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44. Procedure for miniplate
insertion:-
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46. Onplant & Ortho-Implant.
Onplant:-Block
&Hoffman.
It is a flat disk shaped
fixture available in 8 and
10mm in diameter
It has a HA coated surface
for integration with the
surrounding bone.
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48. Ortho-Implant
- Celenza
& Hochman
•Similar to onplant but it is an endosseous Implant.
•Its surface is sandblasted and etched to
increase the adhesion to the surrounding bone
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57. Introduction
Types of magnetic materials
Properties of magnets
Application of magnets in orthodontics.
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58. In 1953, magnets were first used for denture
retention by BEHRAN & EGAN.
Use of magnets in orthodontic- BLECHMAN &
SMILEY.
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60. In dentistry, ferromagnetic materials with
static field are used.
Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy.
Coercivity.
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61. Coulombs law:-This law states that force between
two magnetic poles is directly proportional to
magnitude & inversely proportional to square of
the distance between them.
Curie point:-Pierre Curie(1859-1906)
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62. High force to volume ratio.
Maximal force at shorter distances.
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63. No interruption of magnetic
force lines by intermediate
media.
No friction in attractive force
configuration.
No energy loss.
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64. TYPES OF MAGNETIC MATERIALS
Platinum-cobalt(Pt-co)
Aluminium-Nickel-Cobalt(Al-Ni-Co)
Ferrite
Chromium-cobalt-Iron
Samarium Cobalt(SmCo)
Neodymium-Iron-Boron(Nd2Fe B)
14
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66. Advantages:-Continuous force is exerted.
- Eliminates the patient co-operation.
-No friction.
Disadvantages:-Tarnish &corrosion products are cytotoxic.
-Cost factor
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67. Biological effect of magnetic forces:-
Aronson:-thinning of epithelium under
attracting & repelling magnets.
McDonald - proliferative activity of fibroblasts
in presence of static magnetic field
Lars Bondemark & Kurol studied changes in
human dental pulp and gingival tissue.
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69. Tooth Intrusion:Active Vertical Corrector-Dellinger(1986)
-Samarium cobalt magnets in the repelling mode
are used.
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70. Fixed Magnetic Appliance:-introduced by VARUN KALRA & CHARLES BURSTONE.
Appliance consists of an upper &lower acrylic splints with
samarium cobalt magnets in stainless steel casting
embedded in a repelling mode.
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71.
EXPANSION:-Vardimon et al(1987) demonstrated
palatal expansion using two types of magnetic devices in
Macaca fascicularis monkeys.
-Tooth borne appliance
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72. Tissue borne appliance (attached directly to
palate by endosseous pins).
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73. Tooth Impaction:- Vardimon,Graber,Drescher
-Neodymium Iron Boron magnets can be used to
assist eruption of an impacted canine.
Mancini(1996)-force levels are sufficient enough to
induce the cellular &biochemical changes are required to
produce orthodontic tooth movement.
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74. space closure
-simple tooth movement without archwires :-Muller(1984)
-Complex Intra &Interarch Mechanics:-Blechman(1985)
CL-II mechanics with a magnetic force
system in a CL-I extraction case
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75. 3 magnet configuration to enhance
CL-II mechanics
3 magnet configuration
used to simultaneously
move all 4 canines distally
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76. CL-II mechanics using magnetic force
system in CL-II extraction case.
Repulsive CL-II mechanics in CL-II
Nonextraction cases.
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77. Molar Distalization.
-Gianelly et al(1989):-repelling magnets in conjuntion with a
modified Nance appliance was used.
-Bondemark & Kurol:-repelling samarium cobalt magnets
were used for distalization.
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78. Magnetic Edgewise Brackets:-Kawata(1987)
-Samarium cobalt magnet with an edgewise bracket
(o.018slot) .
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79. Functional Orthopaedic Magnetic Appliances:Vardimon(1989)
-for correction of CL-II&CL-III malocclusion.
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83. Magnetic Twin Block:Clark(1996)
-Samarium cobalt magnets
were embedded in the
inclined surface of the
twin block in attractive
mode.
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84. Magnetic Activator Device(MAD):-Darendilier (1993) developed this magnetically active
functional appliance.
MAD I-mandibular deviations
MAD II-CLII malocclusion
MADIII-CLIII malocclusion
MADIV-skeletal open bite correction.
MAD-II
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85. MAD-II FOR CORRECTION OF CL-II,DIVISION 1
MALOCCLUSION.
Deep Bite
open Bite
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93. Propellant Unilateral Magnetic Appliance (PUMA)
- Chate(1995)
Magnets are use to stimulate costo-chondral bone
graft in Hemi facial microsomia.
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