Exploration and Practice of China’s Forest Carbon Management

1. Exploration and Practice of China’s Forest
Carbon Management
中国林业碳管理的探索与实践
Secretary-General of China Green Carbon Foundation
Deputy Director-General of Climate Change Office, State
Forestry Administration, P.R.China
Dec.8th.2014, Lima,Peru
Li Nuyun
李怒云

2. Outline
主要内容
Ⅰ. China expands forest cover fast.
Ⅱ. The forestry action to address climate change in China.
Ⅲ .Forest carbon trade increase farmers’ income.
一.中国森林植被快速增加
二、林业应对气候变化行动
三、碳汇交易促进农民增收

3. Ⅰ. China Increase Forest Cover Rapidly
中国快速增加森林植被
• Forest area 208 millions ha; Forest coverage 21.63%;
Forest stock volume 15.2 billion m3 ; Plantation area 69
million ha; Forest carbon storage 8.4 billion ton.
• 40 million ha of barren hills and wastelands.
• 60% of young forest need further tending.
• Total forest carbon 421 million ton (7% of total CO2
emission).
森林面积2.08亿公顷，森林覆盖率21.63%，森林蓄积151 . 37亿立方米，人工林面积
0.69亿公顷，森林总碳储量84.2吨。约有3957万公顷宜林荒山荒地可造林 ;现有林
60%以上是中幼龄林亟待抚育均可增汇。2013年温室气体清单：碳汇 4.21亿吨，占
当年CO2排放总量的7% .

4. 2. Afforestation made Notable Difference
Before planting
Afterward

5. The Royal Canadian Academy of Sciences：
• USA: Forest Carbon Sink were stable in 30 years.
• CHN: Forest carbon sink increase fast.
• 1999-2008 biomass: CHN > USA
3. Chinese Forest Carbon Sink Exceed USA
中国森林生物量碳汇超过美国
CHN/USA: Comparison of young forest percentage
USA 147.0 Tg /a
CHN 174.0 Tg/a
加拿大皇家科学院院
士陈镜明教授团队研
究表明，中国森林碳
汇已经接近甚至超过
美国。美国森林碳汇
近30年基本稳定。中
国森林年龄低于美国，
所以森林碳汇不断增
长。1999—2008 年中
国林分生物量碳汇已
超过美国.

6. •Put forward in Sydney Declaration 2007,
the area of forests in Asia-Pacific region
will expand by 20 million ha by 2020.
China has increased by 12.23 million ha.
China alone can fulfill the target.
•Proposed in 2014 APEC in Beijing , the
Sydney forest goal will be evaluated.
自2007年APEC《悉尼宣言》提出“到2020年亚太地区森林面积增加
2000万公顷”目标以来，中国森林面积已增加1223万公顷。仅中国
就可全完成其目标。2014 APEC会议决定对该目标进行评估。
4.China’s Promise in APEC Sydney Declaration
为 2007 APEC会议增加森林面积目标做贡献

7. Ⅱ. The forestry action to address climate
change in China
1.Realize the Twelfth Five Plan and Forest Action Plan
落实十二五规划和行动计划

8. 序号 Key field 重点领域 Major action 主要行动 备注
1
Afforestation
领域一：植树造林
1：voluntary tree planting 大力推进全民义务植树
Forest
Mitigat
ion
activity
减缓重点领域
和主要行动
2 2： Afforestation 实施重点工程造林，不断扩大森林面积
3 3：Timber forest 加快珍贵树种用材林培育
4 Forestry Biomass Energy
领域二：林业生物质能源
4：Forest resource processing 能源林培育一体化项目
5 Sustainable Forest Management
领域三：森林可持续经营
5：SFM Project 实施森林经营项目
6 6：Forest tending 扩大封山育林面积，科学改造人工纯林
7
Forest Resource Conservation
领域四：森林资源保护
7：Manage cutting 加强森林资源采伐管理
8 8：Forest law 加强林地征占用管理 9：提高林业执法能力
10 10：Forest fire 提高森林火灾防控能力
11 11: Prevent Forest pest 提高森林病虫属兔危害的防控能力
12 Forestry Industry
领域五：林业产业
12：Rational Develop 合理开发和利用生物质材料
13 13：wood cyclic use 加强木材高效循环利用
14 Wetland RestorationProtectionUse
领域六：湿地恢复、保护和利用
14： Protect Wetland 开展重要湿地的抢救性保护与恢复
15 15：Farming and fishing 开展农牧渔业可持续利用示范
1. Forestry Actions to Address Climate Change
8

9. 16
Forest
ecosystem
1.森林生态系统
1：Forest Adaptation 提高人工林生态系统的适应性
Forestry
Adaptation
Action
适应气候变化的重
点领域和主要行动
17 2：Species conservation 建立典型森林物种自然保护区
18 3：Enhance protection 加大重点物种保护力度
19 4：Monitoring 提高野生动物疫源疫病监测预警能力
20
Desert
ecosystem
2.荒漠生态系统
5：Prevent desertification 加强荒漠化地区的植被保护
21 Wetland
Ecosystem
3.湿地生态系统
6：Wetland conservation 加强湿地保护的基础工作
22
7：Set up wetland nature reserve system
建立和完善湿地自然保护区网络
Forestry Adaptation Action
适应气候变化行动

10. 2. China’s Emission Reduction Target on Forestry
林业措施是中国承诺的碳减排目标之一
By 2020(compare to 2005 level):
• CO2 emissions /unit of GDP reduced by 40% ~ 45%
• Non-fossil fuels/primary energy = 15%
• Increase: forest area 40 million ha , standing volume
1.3 billion m3.
• 到2020年比2005年：
• 单位国内生产总值CO2排放下降40％－45％;
• 非化石能源占一次能源消费的比重达到15％左右；
• 通过植树造林和加强森林管理，增加森林面积4000万公顷、森林蓄积13亿立方米。

11. Reduce forest fire by 30%
combat desertification 1.5 million ha
restore wetland 0.1 million ha
protect > 30 endangered species
Prevent and attack poachers
3.Efficient Work for Climate Change Adaptation
林业各类措施成效显著

12. 4.Develop Forest Industry in Various Way
林业产业得到发展
Plantation
木材培育
Sand industry
沙产业
Widelife
野生动物
Biotechnology
林业生物
Nursery stock
花卉苗木
Bamboo industry
竹产业
Woody grain
木本粮油
Forest tourism
森林旅游
Under forest
林下经济
Forest industry
林产工业
Forestry Production:
2002 RMB460 billion
2020 RMB8,000 billion
林业产值： 2002年0.46万亿;2020年8万亿

13. 5.Forest Help City Adapt to Climate Change
森林助力城市适应气候变化
Forest is important infrastructure 森林是城市最重要基础设施之一

14. 6. Administrations for Climate Change Dept
成立应对气候变化管理机构
SFA
Forest
Carbon
Management
Office
Forest
Energy
Office
Asia-pacific
forestry
Organization
CGCF
5 Carbon
Accounting
and
Monitoring
Centers
15 Carbon
Accounting
Institutes
From the year of 2003,
SFA had set up several
climate change Depts.

15. 5. Principle for Carbon Sequestration forestry in China
重视林业多种效益
* Service to national strategy and sustainable development
* To achieve forest multiple benefits. carbon sink,
biodiversity, environment, community development etc;
* To create technical system that conforms to
international rules and Chinese practice;
* To raise the public awareness of climate change;
* To cultivate ecosystem service market .
中国提倡的碳汇林业
符合国家可持续发展要求和应对气候变化国家战略；除积累碳汇外，确保森林生态系统稳定
和服务功能 促进社区发展、生物多样性和生态保护---森林多重效益；建立与国际接轨并符合
中国实际的技术支撑体系；促进公众应对气候变化意识提高；推动森林生态服务市场发育。

16. 6 . Methodology for Carbon Sequestration Project
编制营造林碳汇项目方法学
Methodoloty
Afforestation projects
Bamboo projects
Shrub projects
Forest Management projects
City forest projects
Farmers’ forest projects
for

17. The 1st Reforestation Methodology Approved by EB
 Facilitating Reforestation for Guangxi Watershed Management
in Pearl River Basin;
 Plantation 4,000 ha, World Bank-Bio Carbon Fund pay US$2
million to buy 0.48 million t CO2-e;
Price: US$ 4.35/t CO2 -e
 Key of success: carbon sequestration, biodiversity
conservation, soil erosion control, local livelihood improvement.
全球第一个获得批准的再造林方法学 “中国广西珠江流域治理再造林项目”
 2006年始广西苍梧、环江县营造4000公顷人工林, 世界银行生物碳基金付200万美元，购
买48万吨 CO2-e。价格：4.35美元/吨。项目成功的关键：除吸收大气中的 CO2 外，还增
加当地农民就业和收入、涵养水源、保护生态、保护生物多样性多重效益！
7.The Global First CDM Forest Carbon Project
成功实施全球首个CDM碳汇项目

18. In 2010, UNFCCC conference in Tianjin, China.
Contributed Carbon Emissions: 12,000 t CO2 -e .
CGCF support US$ 0.56 million to plantation 333 ha to offset it.
8. Forest Carbon Neutral for Various Activities
开展各类会议碳 中和
2010年，联合国气候变化天津会议产生1.2万吨碳放，CGCF出资375万元，在山西造林5000亩十年全部抵消。

19. 2014 APEC Meeting Carbon Neutral
2014年APEC 会议周碳中和林
APEC meeting contributed 6,371t CO 2-e, CGCF support
to plantation 15 ha to offset the emission.
APEC会议周共排放6371吨CO2 e，种树1274亩实现会议碳中和

20. Emission Measured by Qualified Institute;
Companies donate to A/R to offset their emissions.
测算企业年生产过程的碳排放，由企业捐资造林予以中和.
.
9. Carbon Neutral Action by Enterprise
促进企业利用碳汇实现碳中和

21. By June. 2013 ,
got more than
U.S$ 110
millions for
donation
募集资金7亿多元
10. Established China Green Carbon Foundation
成立公募碳基金会-----中国绿色碳汇基金会
CGCF is the 1st Nationwide public benefit Fund for Climate Change

22. 11. The Overall Framework of China Green
Carbon Foundation
China Green Carbon
Foundation
中国绿色碳汇基金会
The Fund Council
专项基金理事会
Council
理事会
Stage 1
第一阶段
Corporations & individuals
donate
企业和个人捐资
Implementing the programs
组织项目实施
Carbon Accounting and
Monitoring assigned to SFA
制定碳汇计量监测计划等
On-line public notification
网上公示
Stage 2
第二阶段
Organizing tree planting
for carbon Sequestration
组织碳汇造林
Entering Stage 3
进入 第三阶段
The planters own the forest
property
造林所有权归造林者
Returns gained from market
销售林木果实获利
Increasing the income of
the householders
促进农民增收
Plant, inspect and
Account
造林、碳汇计量等
22

23. ★
★
★
★
★ ★
★
★ ★
★★
A/R land
碳汇造林地
12.Carbon Sequestration Afforestation Project
开展碳汇造林
CGCF has support farmers plantation more than 80,000 ha in 20
provinces 已在全国20多个省（区市）营造碳汇林120多万亩。

24. “Buy” carbon sequestration online

25. 13. Gift Card Series Issued by CGCF
开发碳汇公益礼品卡
Teachers' Day Card
Grown Up Gift
Valentine’s Day Card

26. 14. Buy Carbon Credit = Voluntary tree planting
公众购买碳汇履行义务植树
Beijing New Regulation:“ Buy” 10 USD carbon
credit to fulfill tree-planting obligation.
citizen buy carbon credit in Beijing

27. 与北京二外附中合作编写了四本教材已进入课堂
15. Raise Teenage Awareness of Low-carbon Life
出版发行中学生碳汇教材
Compiled 4 textbooks about forest and climate change

28. 16.CGCF Set Up Volunteer Stations Nationwide
建立各类志愿者工作站

29. Forest cover 40% Standing volume 40%
Forest management 20%
Ⅲ.Forest Carbon Trade Benefits Stakeholder
1. 碳汇交易助力企业减排农民增收
• National strategy: increase forest cover and standing volume.
• Since 2011, Chinese Gov. started 7 pilot carbon trading.
--林业”双增“目标作为约束性指标纳入国民经济和社会发展中长期规划。
--2011年国家启动7省（市）碳交易试点，推动实现碳减排目标 。

30. 30
SHENZHEN
SHANGHAI BEIJING GUANGZHOU
Trade carbon credit is mainly industrial emission , there are
5-10% carbon emission can be offset by CCER, including
forest carbon .7个碳市场交易的是配额，有5--10%可购买抵消量（CCER）包括林业碳汇减排量
Compliance Carbon Trade Market Opened in 7 cities
2. Pilot Cap and Trade System in China
7省（市）碳交易市场开业

31. 3. China’s 1st CCER Forest Project
中国首个CCER 林业项目
Afforestation Carbon Sequestration Projects in
Guangdong province 广东长隆碳汇造林项目,1.3万亩，34万吨
NDRC approved 3 methodology on forest carbon projects :
A/R projects; Bamboo projects; SFM projects
We succeed in the first CCER forest project in China ,the area is
867 ha in Guangdong. 340 thousand ton CO2e in future 20 years。
国家发改委批准三个林业碳汇方法学：碳汇造林、竹林碳汇、森林经营。

32. Since 2011, CGCF carry out pilot voluntary carbon trade. 11
corporations bought 154 thousand tons carbon credit.
2011年开展碳汇自愿交易试点：有阿里巴巴等11家企业和单位购买 碳汇减排量15.4万吨，18-30元 /吨。
4. Started Pilot Voluntary Forest Carbon Trade
开展自愿碳汇交易试点
Pilot Trade in East China
Foerstry Exchange
林业碳汇交易试点
SFM project: 5USD/ton
森林经营项目：30元/吨
Afforestation Project: 3USD/ton
造林项目：18元/吨

33. 5. Consolidate the Reform of Tenure
in Collective Forests
中国的集体林权制度改革
Total Forest area: 304 million ha, Collective Forest area: 182 million
ha farmers have the forest right to use and benefit in 70 years.
中国现有林地45.6亿亩，其中集体林地27.37亿亩。农民可获得70年可以继承的林地使用权、林木所有和收益
权。

34. 6. Farmer’ Benefit from Carbon Trade
碳汇交易促进农民增收
Help Farmers to:
• Compile sustainable forest management plan;
• Carry out Carbon Accounting—Registration--issuing;
• Sell carbon credit in voluntary carbon market in China.
农民获得: 林地使用权、林木所有权、收益权等
帮助农民编制可持续经营方案----碳汇计量----注册—发碳汇证----托管到交易所——出售碳汇获益！

35. Farmer
农户
Accounting Agency
计量团队
Validate Agency
核证机构
Registry Platform
注册平台
East China Foerstry
Exchange
华东林权交易所
Gov office
临安市林业局 Carbon credit
碳汇指标
6.
Forest
Carbon
Trade
System
For
Farmer
Trade
交易
Certificate
制定管理办法
Apply
报送经营活动信息
Public buyer
公众购买
SFM Plan
森林经营方案和碳计量

36. List of Forest Projects for 42 farmers
临安42户参与项目农户林地汇总表

37. Methodology and Accounting for Farmers’ Project
方法学及农户林木碳汇计量
Methodology of Forest Management
Carbon Sequestration Project

38. Forestry-Industrial Standard for Carbon Sequestration
林业碳汇项目审定核查行业标准
Guide to verify forest carbon
Drafting Guidelines for
validation and verification
of forest carbon projects
in China’ in 2013.
The Guidelines became
standard of forestry sector
when it was approved by
SFA in 2014.
2013年编制《中国林业碳汇项目
审定与核证指南》， 2014年被
国家林业局批准为林业行业标制

39. China’s Forestry carbon sequestration Register System
临安农户森林经营碳汇项目注册管理系统
Pilot Projects
临安试点项目
Log in
系统入口

40. Trade Framework of East China
Foerstry Exchange
Hosted platform
托管平台
Trade platform
交易平台
EastChina
FoerstryExchange
华
东
林
权
所
Register
托管登记
HostedService
托管服务
OtherService
其它服务
Original Register
初始登记
Amendment
变更登记
Cancellation
注销登记
Report loss
账户卡挂失
Info-query
账户信息查询
Info-open
账户信息公开
Consultant
顾问咨询服务
TradeService
交易服务
Fund settlement
资金结算
华东林业产权交易所－交易框架

41. 8. Issue Forest Carbon Certification to Farmers
给农民发放碳汇证
Record estimated carbon credit on the certificate for evidence
向农民发放碳汇证，记录农民林地预估碳汇量，作为交易的凭证之一。

42. 9. Carbon Trade Happen among 3 Sides
农户与交易所和买方签约
Buyer
East China Forestry Exchange
Farmer

43. 10.Enterprise Buy Forest Carbon to Offset Emission
浙江建行购买用于碳中和
•Zhejiang Branch of China
Construction Bank Contribute
12,000 ton of CO2 per year.
•Buy forest carbon to make
carbon neutral for the Bank.

44. 11. Individual can Buy Credit to
Offset Carbon Footprint
Mark of carbon offset
碳补偿标识－车贴
Certificate of carbon offset
个人购买荣誉凭证
$ 49 for 10 tons of Carbon credit
高升奇出资300元购买了10吨

45. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility
世界银行代管
参加森林碳伙伴基金会议
Service to
37 REDD
Project
主要用于37个热带
国家的REDD项目
2012巴拉圭

46. 12. Focus on Methodology for Forest Carbon Project
聚焦碳汇项目方法学---2012多哈边会
We issued bamboo forest methodology during COP18 in Doha.
2012年多哈联合国气候大会,发布中国首个竹林碳汇项目方法学

47. “forestry carbon property and
standardization”
“林业碳汇的产权与标准化”
47
13. Focus on Carbon Sink Property Right
聚焦碳汇产权---2013年华沙边会

48. 14. Focus on Forest Carbon Trade
聚焦碳汇交易促农增收---2014年秘鲁边会

49. Summery
结束语
• Increase carbon credits by A/R and protect
forest to reduce emissions from them.
• Take action with enterprises and public to reduce
human induced harm on earth,
• Practice low-carbon life to protect our earth,
which is our only home.
• 造林增汇、保林减排！ 让我们都行的起来，动员企业和公众，
• 实践低碳生产和低碳生活，减少人类对地球的伤害，保护地球家园！

50. 谢谢！
Thanks for your attention!
86-10-84238516
linuyun516@vip.sina.com
China Green Carbon Foundation www.thjj.org