History and present of Common Security and Defense Policy of the European Union for a class on EU Transformation Political and Institutional Aspects at Belarusian State University within MA in Human Rights and Democratization for Eastern Partnership countries academic mobility semester

2. • History of Common European Defense after World
War II
–
–
–
–
•
•
•
•
Western European Union & Amsterdam Treaty
Petersberg tasks
Helsinki Headline Goals
Berlin Plus Agreement
European Security Strategy (2003)
European Defense Agency (2004)
Other notable institutions
Treaty of Lisbon changes
– Mutual Defense Clause
– Euroforces
– Outside missions
• Further developments
• Sources & Credits

3. • 1947 - Treaty of Dunkirk between UK and France after WWII
• 1948 - military Article 4 of the Treaty of Brussels which
included the BeNeLux countries
• 1948 - Western Union Defense Organization under British
Field Marshal Montgomery (US and Canada joined in 1949
through North Atlantic Treaty)
• 1954 - amendment of the Treaty of Brussels at the London
and Paris Conferences - Western European Union
• 1992 - Petersberg tasks (incorporated in Amsterdam Treaty):
– Humanitarian and rescue tasks
– Peacekeeping tasks
– Tasks for combat forces in crisis
management, including peacemaking
• 1999 Cologne European Council – WEU Incorporated into EU
with a position of High Representative for Common Foreign
and Security Policy introduced

4. "the Union must have the capacity
for autonomous action, backed up
by credible military forces, the
means to decide to use them, and a
readiness to do so, in order to
respond to international crises”
French President Jacques Chirac and
British Prime Minister Tony Blair
in St. Malo, 1998

5. • 1999 - Helsinki
Headline Goal
– Helsinki Force
Catalogue
• 2003 - Berlin plus
agreement
– EU can use NATO
structures, mechanisms
and assets to carry out
military operations if
NATO declines to act.

6. “A secure Europe in a better world”
• Key threats facing Europe:
– Terrorism
– Proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction (WMD)
– Regional conflicts.
– State failure
– Organized crime
"The world is full of new dangers and
opportunities"

7. • Strategic objectives:
– Addressing the threats
– Building security in its neighborhood
– Developing an international order based
on effective multilateralism
• Policy implications for Europe
– be more active in pursuing its strategic
objectives
– increase its capabilities
– pursue coherent policies
– work with its partners

8. • Est. 2004
• main objective - to improve Member States’ military
capacities.
• set common objectives for Member States in terms of
military capacity;
• introduce and manage programmes in order to
achieve the set objectives;
• harmonize Member States’ operational needs and
improve the methods for procuring military
equipment;
• manage defense technology research activities;
• contribute to strengthening the industrial and
technological base of the defense sector and
improving the effectiveness of military expenditure.

9. • 2002 - European Union Institute for Security Studies
• 1992 (incorporated into EU in 2002) European Union
Satellite Centre
• Civilian Headline Goals:
– Identify civilian crisis management priority areas for the
EU
– greater emphasis on civil-military cooperation in addition
to a continued focus on improving readiness and
deployability (2010)
• Military Headline Goals:
– …the EU should possess an autonomous military
capacity to respond to crises;
– Include the ability of Member States to deploy forces up
to corps level, capable of the full range of Petersberg
tasks;
– Ensure that the EU possesses the military capabilities
required to conduct the full range of missions
encompassed by the Petersberg tasks.

10. • European Security and Defense Policy
(ESDP)
Common Security and
Defense Policy (CSDP)
Element of EU’s Common Foreign and
Security Policy (CFSP).
• Establishing Common European
defense
Position of High Representative of the
Union for Foreign Affairs and Security
Policy expanded

11. • If a Member State is the victim of an
armed attack on its territory, it can rely
on the aid and assistance of the other
Member States, which are obliged to
help.
• Two restrictions:
– does not affect the security and defense
policy of certain Member States,
specifically those which are traditionally
neutral;
– does not affect the commitments made
under the framework of NATO

12. • Eurofor (land forces of Spain, France, Italy
and Portugal)
• Eurocorps (land forces of Germany,
Belgium, Spain, France and Luxembourg)
• Euromarfor (maritime forces of Spain,
France, Italy and Portugal)
• the European Air Group (air forces of
Germany, Belgium, Spain, France, Italy, the
Netherlands and the United Kingdom)

13. (Protocol to the Treaty of Lisbon).
• Member States commit to developing their defense
capacities more intensively and to supplying combat
units for planned missions.
• The European Defense Agency regularly assesses
participating Member States’ contributions.
• Permanent structured cooperation must be
authorized by the Council, which acts by a qualified
majority at the request of participating States.
• There is no Member States threshold for establishing
permanent structured cooperation.
• Member States are free to withdraw or participate in
the permanent structured cooperation as long as they
meet the commitment criteria

14. Main aims:
• peace-keeping and strengthening international security
relying on civil and military assets provided by Member
States.
•
Tasks before the Treaty of Lisbon:
– humanitarian and rescue tasks;
– conflict prevention and peace-keeping tasks;
– tasks of combat forces in crisis management.
•
Tasks after the Treaty of Lisbon:
– joint disarmament operations;
– military advice and assistance tasks;
– tasks in post-conflict stabilization
~ implementation may be delegated to a group of
Member States to act in association with the
High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy

15. • European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and
Ukraine (EUBAM), 1 Dec 2005 – : A border assistance mission to
prevent smuggling, trafficking, and customs fraud on
the Transnistria-section of the border.
• European Union Monitoring Mission in Georgia (EUMM
Georgia), 1 Oct 2008 – : Ceasefire monitoring mission after 2008
South Ossetia war.

16. • December 2013 - European Council meeting with
heads of states to discuss how to enhance
defense capabilities, strengthen the defense
industry and improve the effectiveness, visibility
and impact of the CSDP.

17. • http://www.eeas.europa.eu/csdp/aboutcsdp/index_en.htm
• http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/foreign_and
_security_policy/cfsp_and_esdp_implementation/r0
0004_en.htm
• http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/institutional
_affairs/treaties/lisbon_treaty/ai0026_en.htm

18. • MA in Human Rights and
Democratization,
Yerevan State University –
• Belarusian State University,
2013
• https://plus.google.com/u/
0/+KostiantynIakovliev/
• https://www.linkedin.com/i
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