Gem ppt

1. KITCHEN WASTE
TO
COOKING GAS
PPT-8
Green Earth Movement
An E-Newsletter for the cause of Environment, Peace, Harmony and Justice
Remember - “you and I can decide the future”

2. Every year, about 55 million tonnes
of municipal solid waste (MSW) and
38 billion liters of sewage are
generated in the urban areas of
India. In addition, large quantities
of solid and liquid wastes are
generated by industries. Waste generation in India is
expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people
migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase,
consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste
generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste
generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of
approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant
impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for
disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting
waste, and the environmental consequences of increased
MSW generation levels.

3. Most wastes that are generated, find their way into
land and water bodies without proper treatment,
causing severe water pollution. They also emit
greenhouse gases like methane and carbon
dioxide, and add to air pollution. Any organic waste
from urban and rural areas and industries is a
resource due to its ability to get degraded, resulting
in energy generation.

4. The problems caused by solid and
liquid wastes can be significantly
mitigated through the adoption of
environment-friendly waste-to-energy
technologies that will allow treatment
and processing of wastes before their
disposal. These measures would reduce
the quantity of wastes, generate a
substantial quantity of energy from them, and greatly
reduce environmental pollution. India’s growing energy
deficit is making the government central and state
governments become keen on alternative and
renewable energy sources. Waste to energy is one of
these, and it is garnering increasing attention from both
the central and state governments.

5. VAST POTENTIAL
According to the Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE), there exists
a potential of about 1700 MW from
Urban waste (1500 from MSW and 225
MW from sewage) and about 1300 MW
from industrial waste. The ministry is also
actively promoting the generation of
energy from waste, by providing
subsidies and incentives for the projects.
Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA)
estimates indicate that India has so far realized only about 2%
of its waste-to-energy potential. A market analysis from Frost
and Sullivan predicts that the Indian municipal solid waste to
energy market could be growing at a compound annual growth
rate of 9.7% by 2013.
The following chart explains how community gains by opting for

7. Waste To Energy (WTE) Basics
Organic waste deposited in a landfill decomposes
over time, releasing a mixture of greenhouse
gases into the atmosphere. Gasification controls
and accelerates the natural decomposition
process to create synthesis gas (syngas), which
is used to generate power. This
technology is not new; in
the mid-1800’s many
Large cities used
gasification to produce
the gas used for street
Lighting.

8. Technologies for the Generation of Energy
from Waste
Biogas is produced when organic matter is broken
down by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen,
called anaerobic digestion. This process occurs
Naturally in many environments with limited
oxygen, for instance in marshes, rice fields
and in the stomach of ruminants. The gas can also be produced by
fermentation of bio-gradable materials.
In a gas plant the natural process is utilized by adding - or pump -
organic matter into a digester, which is a completely airtight
container. In the digester a raw biogas is formed plus a nutritious
digestate which can be used for fertilizer, which shall not be mixed up
with sludge!
The gas content comprises mainly methane (55-70%) and carbon
dioxide (30-45%). It may have some small amounts of ammonia,
nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide, moisture and siloxanes.

9. WTE STEP-BY-STEP
All technologies that convert waste-to-energy
involve the same basic steps.
1. Waste pre-processing: Waste is delivered to
the facility and processed for the delivery to the
gasifier.
2. Conveyance: Systems will generally include
some sort of conveyor to move the pre -

10. 3. Gasifier: All technologies put the
waste into a chamber that is
essentially an organic waste pressure
cooker. While gasifiers are all
different in some way, using multiple
chambers or processing waste at
differing combinations of time,
temperature and pressure, all
essentially perform the same function
– the conversion of organic waste
into syngas. Gasification is not incineration; the
oxygen content is controlled during the process to
ensure that the waste is never combusted or
burned.

11. 4. Steam & Power Creation: Syngas moves
from the gasifier to a boiler
where the syngas is
combusted, with heat
creating steam that powers
turbines to generate power.
5. Treatment of Flue Gas:
Any flue gas is treated so
That system emissions meet
all applicable air quality systems.

12. The Gas Can Be Used For Different
Purposes
• Heating purposes, such as cooking.
• Run generators and make electricity.
• Be compressed and used in
combustion engines.
• Waste recycling when waste matter
is a feedstock.
Biomethane is the generic term for gases
consisting mainly of methane and produced from
biomass. Biomethane is the name being referred to
when biogas
has been cleaned and upgraded to the same standard
as natural gas (fossil gas).
When this upgrading is done the methane content is

13. Indian Government Support
for Waste to Energy
The Indian Government has recognized
waste to energy as a renewable
technology and supports it through
various subsidies and incentives. The Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy is actively promoting all the technology
options available for energy recovery from urban and
industrial wastes. MNRE is also promoting the research on
waste to energy by providing financial support for R&D
projects on cost sharing basis in accordance with the R&D
Policy of the MNRE. In addition to that, MNRE also provides
financial support for projects involving applied R&D and
studies on resource assessment, technology up-gradation
and performance evaluation.

14. INDIA IS FAR BEHIND IN
BIO-GAS TECHNOLOGY!
Compared to the biogas programme
in China, where seven million
household and community biogas
systems have been successfully
installed. India has a long way to go
to realise the benefits of biogas
technology. China, through the
creation of effective institutions and by placing an
emphasis on training and education, has achieved
widespread dissemination of biogas technology
(Ruchen, 1981, Daxiong et al, 1990), though the social
organisation may particularly facilitate the spread of new,
community-focused technologies.

15. Most biogas plants which are currently in operation In India and
elsewhere are designed for animal manure as
Their main feedstock, and are therefore used in
rural areas. Whereas in cities, a majority of the
people use LPG or kerosene for cooking. The
immediate benefit from owning a compact
biogas system is the savings in cost as compared to the use of
kerosene or LPG for cooking. The up-front cost of a biogas
system is higher than for LPG, since an LPG bottle plus a two
burner stove costs only INR 5,000 (spprox. USD 100) whereas
the compact biogas plan plus a biogas stove costs about INR
10,000 (approx. USD 200). However, the operational cost for
biogas is only about INR 2 per day if waste flour is used as
feedstock, and can be zero if the plant uses only food wastes.
This is much cheaper than LPG, which costs about INR 30 per
day, even with the current subsidy of 50%. Biogas can easily
replace 50% of the LPG used by a family. Some families who
use a pressure cooker for cooking and collect food waste from

16. Purchasing your own compact
biogas system: Cost & Payment
ARTI’s trained technicians install the biogas plants
using locally available plastic tanks (commonly used
For water storage) and a plumbing kit supplied by
Samuchit Enviro-Tech (SET) Pvt. Ltd., a company set
up by members of ARTI. SET also supplies a single
burned biogas stove made of cast iron, and a gas cock. This set,
consisting of the plumbing kit and a single burner biogas stove,
costs INR 2350 (M.R.P. inclusive of taxes and transport anywhere
in India). The total estimated cost of the compact biogas system
for a typical household (around 1000-1500 lit capacity) is about
INR 10,000, but the actual cost may vary based on local prices of
plastic tanks and local labour costs. For more information, please
contact us at arti_pune@vsnl.net .
SEE THE NEXT SLIDE FOR THE CONTACT DETAILS OF
OTHER BIO-GAS CONSULTANTS

17. WASTE TO ENERGY CONSULTANTS
(List not exhaustive - courtesy: Internet)
1] DELHI - Envo Projects, Mobile : 9899300371, email: saleemasraf@gmail.com, web:
http://saleemindia.blogspot.com
2] NEW DELHI - ASPES SOLAR ,# 532, NEW DELHI, CONTACT – 9899424681
3] MUMBAI - BHABHA ATOMIC RESEARCH CENTRE, Tel : 091-022-5505337/559389, Fax : 091-
022-5505151, Email : headttcd@barc.gov.in
4] PUNE – APPROPRIATE RURAL TECHNOLOGY INDIA, Email - arti_pune@vsnl.net
5] THIRUVANANTHAPURAM - BIOTECH CORPORATE OFFICE, Phone : +91-471-2331909,
2321909, 2332179, Fax :-91-471-2332179, Email – biotechindia@eth.net, Website :
www.biotech-india.org
6] KOCHI, e-mail is - svnot@ yahoo .com, Mobile 0 99 47 06 48 62
7] COCHIN - Synod Bioscience (P) Ltd, Ph: 0484 4070404, Mob: +919995994291, Email:
info@synod.in
8] KANYAKUMARI - Vivekananda Kendra, phone: 04652 246296 and 04652 -247126. cell.
9486942769 ; e-mail - vknardep@gmail.com
9] HYDERABABD - Renewable Energy and Environmental Service Enterprise(REESE), Email:
kartheek@getreese.com, Mobile: +91-99897 99892
10] CHENNAI - EAI - Energy Alternatives India, Tel. + 91 90435 39679, Email : madhavanv@eai.in
11] SALEM - Arjun Energy Corporation, Ph: +91 427 2417121/51/91. +91 94433 75577,
energyexperts1@gmail.com
12] BANGALURU - Scalene Greenergy Corporation Ltd, Tel: +91 (0)80 2546 77 88, Fax: +91 (0)80
2549 55 66, www.scalenegreenergy.com , info@scalenegreenergy.com

18. This educational PowerPoint Presentation (editable) is
prepared by GEM Team (courtesy: internet).
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various environmental issues see next slide.
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19. 1. Twenty Simple Tips
2. Solar Energy
3. Junk Food
4. Plastic – a boon or bane?
5. Green Passion
6. Zero Garbage
7. Soft drink – A Health Hazard
8. Waste to energy
9. Rain Water Harvesting
10. Eco-friendly Religions
11. Happy Green Diwali
12. Climate Change
13. The future of Biodiversity
14. Genetically Modified Foods
15. Waste Water Treatment
16. Body, Organ, Tissue Donation
17. Organic Farming
18. Waste to cooking gas
19. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
20. Protect Mangroves
21. Say NO to Bottled water
22. Save Lakes and Ponds
23. Forests are green lungs
24. Coal Mining and Ecology
25. Sin of Food Waste
26. Climate change and Poverty
27. Stop Water Pollution
28. Carbon Footprints
29. Parks and Open Spaces
30. Rising Sea Levels
31. Laudato Si – Pope’s Encyclical
32. Air Pollution
33. Life Style Changes
34. Laudato Si – Fr Gerard
35. Water Pollution
36. Sand Mining
37. Kids Eco Clubs
38. Water Disaster

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