SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 5
Downloaden Sie, um offline zu lesen
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research||Vol, 03||Issue, 11||

Stress Analysis of Splice Joint of the Aircraft Bottom Wing Skin by Finite
Element Method
1,

A.Rukesh Reddy, 2,P. Ramesh, ,B. Siddeswara rao

1,

(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara college of engineering and technology,Chittoor517002
2,3,
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddhartha college of engineering and technology, Puttur- 517583

ABSTRACT:
This paper investigates the maximum stress concentrated part of the splice joint of an aircraft
bottom wing skin due to tensile loading. Wings are the aerofoils attached to each side of the fuselage to
produce lift force. Joints are inevitable in any large structure like an aircraft wing. Splicing is
normally used to retain a clean aerodynamic surface of the skin for most of the aircraft structure. This
analysis considers the wing box with a bottom skin splice joint. The wing box comprises of two spar
beams, three ribs, stiffeners covered with skin plate. In this paper the chord-wise splicing of wing skin
is considered for a detailed analysis. The splicing is multi row riveted joint under the action of tensile
in plane load due to wing bending. The stress analysis of the joint is carried out to compute the stresses
at rivet holes due to By-pass load, bearing load and secondary bending. The splice is optimized to
minimize the rivet hole local stress. A finite element analysis is carried out to evaluate the stresses.
Analyses were performed by MSC PATRAN and NASTRAN software.

KEYWORDS: stress analysis, splice joint, wing skin and rivet holes.

1. INTRODUCTION
The ideal flight vehicle structure would be the single complete unit of the same material involving one
manufacturing operation. Unfortunately this cannot be achieved in practical because the every portion of aircraft
structure involves numerous numbers of parts and the unavailability of material for required span. So joints are
inevitable in any large structure like an airframe. Splicing is normally used to retain a clean aerodynamic surface
of the skin for all structural components. The wings are the most important lift-producing part of the aircraft.
Wings vary in design depending upon the aircraft type and its purpose. The wing box has two crucial joints, the
skin splice joint & spar splice joint. Top and bottom skins of inboard and outboard portions are joined together
by means of skin splicing. Front and rear spars of inboard and outboard are joined together by means of spar
splicing. The spars resist much of the bending moment in the wing and the skins resist the shear force.
In this paper the chord-wise splicing of wing skin will be considered for a detailed analysis. The
splicing is a multi-row riveted joint under the action of tensile in plane load due to wing bending. The basic
knowledge about the loads acting on aircraft is necessary to understand the wing bending.
The Loads acting on the aircraft structure are,
1. Weight
2. Lift
3. Drag
4. Thrust
Weight
Weight is a force that is always directed toward the center of the earth. The magnitude of the weight depends on
the mass of all the airplane parts, plus the amount of fuel, plus any payload on board
Lift
To overcome the weight force, airplanes generate an opposing force called lift. Lift is generated by the motion
of the airplane through the air and is an aerodynamic force. "Aero" stands for the air, and "dynamic" denotes
motion. Lift is directed perpendicular to the flight direction.

||Issn 2250-3005 ||

||November||2013||

Page 13
Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft...
Drag.
As the airplane moves through the air, there is another aerodynamic force present. The air resists the
motion of the aircraft and the resistance force is called drag.
Thrust.
To overcome drag, airplanes use a propulsion system to generate a force called thrust.[2]
Wing and Wing Box: Wing is the important structural unit of an aircraft and it is going to bend during flying
due to lift load acting in it. Hence bottom wing skin subjected to tensile load and top wing skin is under
compression [4]. The largest forces on the wings occur when the plane is airborne. Since the wings must then
support the whole weight of the aircraft the steady stresses are high, and with the wings bending upwards, so
that the upper surfaces are in compression and the underside in tension. Due to this tension force the maximum
tensile stress concentration will be found on the joints of bottom wing skin of the aircraft.This paper is focused
on the middle part of the wing with riveted splice joint at the bottom skin, which is called wing box. The wing
box comprises of two numbers of spar beams (C-section), three numbers of ribs (I-section), four numbers of Lshaped stiffeners at top of ribs and four numbers of rectangular shaped stiffeners at bottom of ribs. The top and
bottom portions of the wing box are covered with the thin sheet which is called wing skin. The top skin is
designed as the integrated part with wing box structure. The bottom skin is designed in two pieces and they have
joined by the splice plate. Here the bottom flange of the middle rib is considered as the splice plate of the joint.
The bottom skin and splice plate is joined by rivets.The wing box is completely unsymmetrical in its all axes.
The dimensions of the wing box parts have been finalised by the aerodynamic calculations which involve the
computational fluid dynamics procedure. the aerodynamic calculations provide the thicknesses of spar beams (3
mm), ribs (2 mm), skin (1.5 mm) and stiffeners (4 mm).

Figure 1(a): CAD model of Wing box (CATIA V5R19)

II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
2.1 Stress Analysis Using Finite Element Analysis Software.
The IGES model was imported from the CATIA V5R19 into the Finite Element Analysis software MSCPATRAN for geometry extraction. The components of wing box such as spar beams, ribs, stiffeners and skin are
meshed separately. Quadratic and triangular elements have been used in this model, due to their lower stiffness
properties. The beam elements were used for rivet connections. Near the stiffener cut-out region the fine mesh
has been done and the coarse mesh has been done for the rest of the portions of wing box. The material
properties, loads and boundary conditions were applied to the meshed wing box to ascertain the stress
distribution at wing box.

Figure 2(a) Meshed model of wing box
||Issn 2250-3005 ||

||November||2013||

Page 14
Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft...
2.2 Finite Element Analysis Software’s.

PATRAN pre-processing and
Post processing

NASTRAN solver
2.3 Load Calculations.
All-up weight of the aircraft considered for the analysis is 2000 kg.
(4-seater aircraft)

Weight of the aircraft = 2000 kg.

Design load factor considered= 3g.

Total load acting on the aircraft
= 2000×3
Total load = 6000kg

Factor of safety considered =1.5

The design load = 6000×1.5
Design load = 9000kg
Lift load experienced by both fuselage and wing.
 Lift load on the wing = 80% of total load= 0.8×9000
 Lift load on the wing = 7200kg
 Load acting on each wing = 7200/2
=3600 Kg
The total span of the wing and the wing box (portion shown in dark line) dimensions with resultant load are
shown in figure 2(b)

Figure 2(b) Wing box dimensions with load.
The resultant load is acting at a distance of 2000 mm (from aerodynamic calculations) from the root of the wing.
 The maximum B.M at the wing root
= 3600 x 2000 =7.2 x 10^6 kg-mm
 The B.M at the root of the wing box
= 3600 x 1060 = 3.392 x 10^6 kg-mm
 The load at tip of the wing box
= 3.392 x 10^6/ 1560 = 2174 kg


This 2174 kg load is converted into uniformly distributed load (1.03 kg/mm as UDL) and applied at tip side
of wing box in bending direction of wing.

2.4 Loads and Boundary Conditions.
Uniformly distributed load of 1.03 kg/mm was applied at tip side of the wing box and other end is fixed
which is called the root side of the wing box. A two dimensional linear static stress analysis is carried out using
finite element analysis software MSC PATRAN and MSC NASTRAN. Mesh independent stress magnitudes are
obtained through iterative mesh refinement process. Aluminum 2024-T351 alloy properties are given to the Preprocessor material properties. Load corresponding to the maximum lift load on the wing is considered to be
applied on the wing box

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The loads and boundary conditions applied to the wing box are shown in figure 3(a).

||Issn 2250-3005 ||

||November||2013||

Page 15
Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft...

.
Figure 3(a) wing box loading conditions
The stress distribution for the given loads have been observed and that reveals the stress is distributed
uniformly but maximum stresses are developed near the rivet joint portion of the bottom skin splice joint.
The maximum stress concentrated portion of the wing box i.e. splice joint of the bottom wing skin is shown in
below figure 3(b)

Figure 3(b) maximum stress concentration at bottom skin splice joint
Figure 3(b) shows the maximum stress near the small riveted circular holes by applying load 1.03 kg/mm, the
maximum stress is σmax =25.2kg/mm2.the figure 3(c) and figure 3(d) shows the maximum stress in red colour.
Figure 3(c) maximum stress near splice joint rivet hole

Figure 3(d) maximum stress at rivet holes of the splice plate
||Issn 2250-3005 ||

||November||2013||

Page 16
Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft...
From the figure 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) it was observed that maximum stress of the wing box is concentrated near the
rivet hole locations of the splice joint of the bottom wing skin. And these will be fatigue critical locations in the
aircraft bottom wing skin.






IV. CONCLUSIONS:
The maximum stress concentrated part of the bottom wing skin splice joint has been identified for the stress
analysis
Finite element method approach is used for the stress analysis
Loads and boundary conditions are accurately simulated to obtain the response of the wing box similar to
the response of the parent structure at this location.
Maximum stress of σmax =25.2kg/mm2 is obtained near one of the rivet hole location of the bottom wing
skin splice joint.
The highest tensile stress location will be the location of fatigue crack initiation spot in the wiring box. So
using these results we can go for the fatigue life to crack initiation calculations.

REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]

Fawaz, S. A. and BörjeAndersson. “Accurate Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for UnsymmetricCornerCracks at a Hole”. Proc.
of the Fourth Joint NASA Conference on Aging Aircraft, vol 15 (2000),pp 135-139
C.S. Kusko, J.N. Dupont, A.R. Marder, “Influence of stress ratio on fatigue crack propagation behavior of stainless steel welds”.
Welding Journal, vol 19,(2004), pp 122-130,
N. Ranganathan, H. Aldroe, F. Lacroix, F. Chalon, R. Leroy, A. Tougui. “Fatigue crack initiation at a notch”. International
Journal of Fatigue, vol 33, (2011), pp 492–499.
Newman, J.C. “A crack opening stress equation for fatigue crack growth”. International Journal of Fracture, vol 24(2003), pp
131–135.
Lance Proctor et al, local analysis of fastener holes using the linear gap technology using MSC/NASTRAN, Presented at MSC
Aerospace Users’ Conference, 2000, pp1-24.
A.M.Brown, Simulating fretting contact in single lap splices, International Journal of Fatigue, 2009, pp 375-384.
M.R. Urban, Analysis of the fatigue life of riveted sheet metal helicoptor airframe joints, International journal of fatigue, 2003,
pp 1013-1026.
Gresnigt AM, Steenhuis CM. Stiffness of lap joints with preloaded bolts, Proceedings of the NATO ARW, 2000.
Brombolich LJ. Elastic–plastic analysis of stresses near fastener holes. AIAA 11th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 1973. [AIAA
no. 72-252].
S.G.S. Raman, V.M. Radhakrishnan, “On cyclic stress-strain behaviour and low cycle fatigue life,” Materials and Design, 2002,
Vol.23, pp.249- 254.
RamzyzanRamly et al, Design and Analysis for Development of a Wing Box Static Test Rig, International conference on science
and social research, December 2010, pp 113-117.
Huth H. Influence of fastener flexibility on the prediction of load transfer and fatigue life for multiple-row joints. In: Potter JM,
editor. Fatigue in mechanically fastened composite and metallic joints, ASTM STP 927. 1986. p. 221–50.
Szolwinski MP, Farris TN. Linking riveting process parameters to the fatigue performance of riveted aircraft structures. AIAA99-1339, 1999.

||Issn 2250-3005 ||

||November||2013||

Page 17

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Andere mochten auch

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
 
Expocision Ganadora
Expocision Ganadora Expocision Ganadora
Expocision Ganadora Juan Alonso
 
Tablet y computadores en el aula
Tablet y computadores en el aulaTablet y computadores en el aula
Tablet y computadores en el aulaLucy Portacio
 
Proyeco krauth-pavon
Proyeco krauth-pavonProyeco krauth-pavon
Proyeco krauth-pavonkatrinkrauth
 
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
 
Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...
Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...
Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...Kevin Perry
 
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
 
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
 
Промежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОС
Промежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОСПромежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОС
Промежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОСPhilippovich Andrey
 
RPP Memahami macam-macam Sujud
RPP Memahami macam-macam SujudRPP Memahami macam-macam Sujud
RPP Memahami macam-macam SujudAmalia Sofitri
 
Exhibition stands, display systems, booth displays
Exhibition stands, display systems, booth displaysExhibition stands, display systems, booth displays
Exhibition stands, display systems, booth displaysAllstar Displays
 
Cumpleaños del Mes de Noviembre
Cumpleaños del Mes de NoviembreCumpleaños del Mes de Noviembre
Cumpleaños del Mes de NoviembreConalep Tonala
 
Widespread Fatigue Damage
Widespread Fatigue DamageWidespread Fatigue Damage
Widespread Fatigue Damagesyedrooh
 
Tell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KC
Tell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KCTell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KC
Tell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KCKevin Perry
 

Andere mochten auch (17)

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
 
Expocision Ganadora
Expocision Ganadora Expocision Ganadora
Expocision Ganadora
 
Tablet y computadores en el aula
Tablet y computadores en el aulaTablet y computadores en el aula
Tablet y computadores en el aula
 
Aa2 esferas
Aa2 esferasAa2 esferas
Aa2 esferas
 
Proyeco krauth-pavon
Proyeco krauth-pavonProyeco krauth-pavon
Proyeco krauth-pavon
 
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
 
Anandakumar-T-1
Anandakumar-T-1Anandakumar-T-1
Anandakumar-T-1
 
BLONDINIS (1)
BLONDINIS (1)BLONDINIS (1)
BLONDINIS (1)
 
Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...
Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...
Sullivan, Sarah Toevs, Stinson Leonard Street, Vapor Intrusion Update and Ove...
 
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
 
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)
 
Промежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОС
Промежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОСПромежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОС
Промежуточные итоги сопоставления стандартов WSI и ФГОС
 
RPP Memahami macam-macam Sujud
RPP Memahami macam-macam SujudRPP Memahami macam-macam Sujud
RPP Memahami macam-macam Sujud
 
Exhibition stands, display systems, booth displays
Exhibition stands, display systems, booth displaysExhibition stands, display systems, booth displays
Exhibition stands, display systems, booth displays
 
Cumpleaños del Mes de Noviembre
Cumpleaños del Mes de NoviembreCumpleaños del Mes de Noviembre
Cumpleaños del Mes de Noviembre
 
Widespread Fatigue Damage
Widespread Fatigue DamageWidespread Fatigue Damage
Widespread Fatigue Damage
 
Tell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KC
Tell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KCTell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KC
Tell, Joseph, Tellevate, Resources for EHS Regulatory Information, 2015 MECC-KC
 

Ähnlich wie International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)

The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)theijes
 
IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...
IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...
IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...IRJET Journal
 
Optimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reduction
Optimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reductionOptimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reduction
Optimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reductioneSAT Journals
 
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum Weight
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum WeightDesign, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum Weight
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum WeightRSIS International
 
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
 
Aircraft structure
Aircraft structureAircraft structure
Aircraft structuredarshakb
 
Study of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration Characteristics
Study of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration CharacteristicsStudy of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration Characteristics
Study of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration CharacteristicsIJERA Editor
 
PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx
 PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx
PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptxManojRasaily1
 
Static_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptx
Static_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptxStatic_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptx
Static_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptxSiddhiDeshpade
 
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...IRJET Journal
 
Fatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraft
Fatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraftFatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraft
Fatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircrafteSAT Journals
 
Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1
Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1
Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1Mahdi Damghani
 
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander
Optimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexanderOptimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexander
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexandersathyabama
 
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander, Prakash, BSM Augustine
Optimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexander, Prakash, BSM AugustineOptimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexander, Prakash, BSM Augustine
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander, Prakash, BSM Augustinesathyabama
 

Ähnlich wie International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) (20)

BLACKLER.14088004
BLACKLER.14088004BLACKLER.14088004
BLACKLER.14088004
 
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES)
 
IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...
IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...
IRJET- Particle Swarm Intelligence based Dynamics Economic Dispatch with Dail...
 
Optimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reduction
Optimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reductionOptimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reduction
Optimizationof fuselage shape for better pressurization and drag reduction
 
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum Weight
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum WeightDesign, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum Weight
Design, Analysis and Testing of Wing Spar for Optimum Weight
 
IARE_AAS_PPT.pdf
IARE_AAS_PPT.pdfIARE_AAS_PPT.pdf
IARE_AAS_PPT.pdf
 
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.
 
J1303067178
J1303067178J1303067178
J1303067178
 
Airplane wings fem
Airplane wings femAirplane wings fem
Airplane wings fem
 
Aircraft structure
Aircraft structureAircraft structure
Aircraft structure
 
Study of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration Characteristics
Study of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration CharacteristicsStudy of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration Characteristics
Study of Aircraft Wing with Emphasis on Vibration Characteristics
 
PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx
 PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx
PPT-AIRCRAFT DESIGN PROJECT-II.pptx
 
Static_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptx
Static_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptxStatic_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptx
Static_Structural_Analysis_of_Fighter_Aircrafts_Wing_Spars.pptx
 
Ac044199202
Ac044199202Ac044199202
Ac044199202
 
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...
Modal, Fatigue and Fracture Analysis of Wing Fuselage Lug Joint Bracket for a...
 
Fatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraft
Fatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraftFatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraft
Fatigue life estimation of rear fuselage structure of an aircraft
 
Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1
Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1
Lec6-Aircraft structural idealisation 1
 
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander
Optimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexanderOptimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexander
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander
 
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander, Prakash, BSM Augustine
Optimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexander, Prakash, BSM AugustineOptimisation of the design of uav wing   j.alexander, Prakash, BSM Augustine
Optimisation of the design of uav wing j.alexander, Prakash, BSM Augustine
 
Final Report1
Final Report1Final Report1
Final Report1
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6DianaGray10
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXTarek Kalaji
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesMd Hossain Ali
 
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"DianaGray10
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdfPedro Manuel
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfinfogdgmi
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1DianaGray10
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintMahmoud Rabie
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding TeamAdam Moalla
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024D Cloud Solutions
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5DianaGray10
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostMatt Ray
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7DianaGray10
 
The Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API Management
The Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API ManagementThe Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API Management
The Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API ManagementNuwan Dias
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Websitedgelyza
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfJamie (Taka) Wang
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Will Schroeder
 
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Juan Carlos Gonzalez
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsSeth Reyes
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-pyJamie (Taka) Wang
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 6
 
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBXVoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
VoIP Service and Marketing using Odoo and Asterisk PBX
 
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just MinutesAI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
AI Fame Rush Review – Virtual Influencer Creation In Just Minutes
 
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
UiPath Clipboard AI: "A TIME Magazine Best Invention of 2023 Unveiled"
 
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdfNanopower  In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
Nanopower In Semiconductor Industry.pdf
 
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdfVideogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
Videogame localization & technology_ how to enhance the power of translation.pdf
 
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
Secure your environment with UiPath and CyberArk technologies - Session 1
 
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership BlueprintEmpowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
Empowering Africa's Next Generation: The AI Leadership Blueprint
 
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
9 Steps For Building Winning Founding Team
 
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
Artificial Intelligence & SEO Trends for 2024
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 5
 
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCostKubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
KubeConEU24-Monitoring Kubernetes and Cloud Spend with OpenCost
 
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
UiPath Studio Web workshop series - Day 7
 
The Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API Management
The Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API ManagementThe Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API Management
The Kubernetes Gateway API and its role in Cloud Native API Management
 
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a WebsiteCOMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
COMPUTER 10 Lesson 8 - Building a Website
 
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
activity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdfactivity_diagram_combine_v4_20190827.pdf
 
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
Apres-Cyber - The Data Dilemma: Bridging Offensive Operations and Machine Lea...
 
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
Governance in SharePoint Premium:What's in the box?
 
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and HazardsComputer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
Computer 10: Lesson 10 - Online Crimes and Hazards
 
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
20230202 - Introduction to tis-py
 

International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)

  • 1. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research||Vol, 03||Issue, 11|| Stress Analysis of Splice Joint of the Aircraft Bottom Wing Skin by Finite Element Method 1, A.Rukesh Reddy, 2,P. Ramesh, ,B. Siddeswara rao 1, (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Venkateswara college of engineering and technology,Chittoor517002 2,3, (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Siddhartha college of engineering and technology, Puttur- 517583 ABSTRACT: This paper investigates the maximum stress concentrated part of the splice joint of an aircraft bottom wing skin due to tensile loading. Wings are the aerofoils attached to each side of the fuselage to produce lift force. Joints are inevitable in any large structure like an aircraft wing. Splicing is normally used to retain a clean aerodynamic surface of the skin for most of the aircraft structure. This analysis considers the wing box with a bottom skin splice joint. The wing box comprises of two spar beams, three ribs, stiffeners covered with skin plate. In this paper the chord-wise splicing of wing skin is considered for a detailed analysis. The splicing is multi row riveted joint under the action of tensile in plane load due to wing bending. The stress analysis of the joint is carried out to compute the stresses at rivet holes due to By-pass load, bearing load and secondary bending. The splice is optimized to minimize the rivet hole local stress. A finite element analysis is carried out to evaluate the stresses. Analyses were performed by MSC PATRAN and NASTRAN software. KEYWORDS: stress analysis, splice joint, wing skin and rivet holes. 1. INTRODUCTION The ideal flight vehicle structure would be the single complete unit of the same material involving one manufacturing operation. Unfortunately this cannot be achieved in practical because the every portion of aircraft structure involves numerous numbers of parts and the unavailability of material for required span. So joints are inevitable in any large structure like an airframe. Splicing is normally used to retain a clean aerodynamic surface of the skin for all structural components. The wings are the most important lift-producing part of the aircraft. Wings vary in design depending upon the aircraft type and its purpose. The wing box has two crucial joints, the skin splice joint & spar splice joint. Top and bottom skins of inboard and outboard portions are joined together by means of skin splicing. Front and rear spars of inboard and outboard are joined together by means of spar splicing. The spars resist much of the bending moment in the wing and the skins resist the shear force. In this paper the chord-wise splicing of wing skin will be considered for a detailed analysis. The splicing is a multi-row riveted joint under the action of tensile in plane load due to wing bending. The basic knowledge about the loads acting on aircraft is necessary to understand the wing bending. The Loads acting on the aircraft structure are, 1. Weight 2. Lift 3. Drag 4. Thrust Weight Weight is a force that is always directed toward the center of the earth. The magnitude of the weight depends on the mass of all the airplane parts, plus the amount of fuel, plus any payload on board Lift To overcome the weight force, airplanes generate an opposing force called lift. Lift is generated by the motion of the airplane through the air and is an aerodynamic force. "Aero" stands for the air, and "dynamic" denotes motion. Lift is directed perpendicular to the flight direction. ||Issn 2250-3005 || ||November||2013|| Page 13
  • 2. Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft... Drag. As the airplane moves through the air, there is another aerodynamic force present. The air resists the motion of the aircraft and the resistance force is called drag. Thrust. To overcome drag, airplanes use a propulsion system to generate a force called thrust.[2] Wing and Wing Box: Wing is the important structural unit of an aircraft and it is going to bend during flying due to lift load acting in it. Hence bottom wing skin subjected to tensile load and top wing skin is under compression [4]. The largest forces on the wings occur when the plane is airborne. Since the wings must then support the whole weight of the aircraft the steady stresses are high, and with the wings bending upwards, so that the upper surfaces are in compression and the underside in tension. Due to this tension force the maximum tensile stress concentration will be found on the joints of bottom wing skin of the aircraft.This paper is focused on the middle part of the wing with riveted splice joint at the bottom skin, which is called wing box. The wing box comprises of two numbers of spar beams (C-section), three numbers of ribs (I-section), four numbers of Lshaped stiffeners at top of ribs and four numbers of rectangular shaped stiffeners at bottom of ribs. The top and bottom portions of the wing box are covered with the thin sheet which is called wing skin. The top skin is designed as the integrated part with wing box structure. The bottom skin is designed in two pieces and they have joined by the splice plate. Here the bottom flange of the middle rib is considered as the splice plate of the joint. The bottom skin and splice plate is joined by rivets.The wing box is completely unsymmetrical in its all axes. The dimensions of the wing box parts have been finalised by the aerodynamic calculations which involve the computational fluid dynamics procedure. the aerodynamic calculations provide the thicknesses of spar beams (3 mm), ribs (2 mm), skin (1.5 mm) and stiffeners (4 mm). Figure 1(a): CAD model of Wing box (CATIA V5R19) II. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS 2.1 Stress Analysis Using Finite Element Analysis Software. The IGES model was imported from the CATIA V5R19 into the Finite Element Analysis software MSCPATRAN for geometry extraction. The components of wing box such as spar beams, ribs, stiffeners and skin are meshed separately. Quadratic and triangular elements have been used in this model, due to their lower stiffness properties. The beam elements were used for rivet connections. Near the stiffener cut-out region the fine mesh has been done and the coarse mesh has been done for the rest of the portions of wing box. The material properties, loads and boundary conditions were applied to the meshed wing box to ascertain the stress distribution at wing box. Figure 2(a) Meshed model of wing box ||Issn 2250-3005 || ||November||2013|| Page 14
  • 3. Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft... 2.2 Finite Element Analysis Software’s.  PATRAN pre-processing and Post processing  NASTRAN solver 2.3 Load Calculations. All-up weight of the aircraft considered for the analysis is 2000 kg. (4-seater aircraft)  Weight of the aircraft = 2000 kg.  Design load factor considered= 3g.  Total load acting on the aircraft = 2000×3 Total load = 6000kg  Factor of safety considered =1.5  The design load = 6000×1.5 Design load = 9000kg Lift load experienced by both fuselage and wing.  Lift load on the wing = 80% of total load= 0.8×9000  Lift load on the wing = 7200kg  Load acting on each wing = 7200/2 =3600 Kg The total span of the wing and the wing box (portion shown in dark line) dimensions with resultant load are shown in figure 2(b) Figure 2(b) Wing box dimensions with load. The resultant load is acting at a distance of 2000 mm (from aerodynamic calculations) from the root of the wing.  The maximum B.M at the wing root = 3600 x 2000 =7.2 x 10^6 kg-mm  The B.M at the root of the wing box = 3600 x 1060 = 3.392 x 10^6 kg-mm  The load at tip of the wing box = 3.392 x 10^6/ 1560 = 2174 kg  This 2174 kg load is converted into uniformly distributed load (1.03 kg/mm as UDL) and applied at tip side of wing box in bending direction of wing. 2.4 Loads and Boundary Conditions. Uniformly distributed load of 1.03 kg/mm was applied at tip side of the wing box and other end is fixed which is called the root side of the wing box. A two dimensional linear static stress analysis is carried out using finite element analysis software MSC PATRAN and MSC NASTRAN. Mesh independent stress magnitudes are obtained through iterative mesh refinement process. Aluminum 2024-T351 alloy properties are given to the Preprocessor material properties. Load corresponding to the maximum lift load on the wing is considered to be applied on the wing box III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The loads and boundary conditions applied to the wing box are shown in figure 3(a). ||Issn 2250-3005 || ||November||2013|| Page 15
  • 4. Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft... . Figure 3(a) wing box loading conditions The stress distribution for the given loads have been observed and that reveals the stress is distributed uniformly but maximum stresses are developed near the rivet joint portion of the bottom skin splice joint. The maximum stress concentrated portion of the wing box i.e. splice joint of the bottom wing skin is shown in below figure 3(b) Figure 3(b) maximum stress concentration at bottom skin splice joint Figure 3(b) shows the maximum stress near the small riveted circular holes by applying load 1.03 kg/mm, the maximum stress is σmax =25.2kg/mm2.the figure 3(c) and figure 3(d) shows the maximum stress in red colour. Figure 3(c) maximum stress near splice joint rivet hole Figure 3(d) maximum stress at rivet holes of the splice plate ||Issn 2250-3005 || ||November||2013|| Page 16
  • 5. Stress Analysis Of Splice Joint Of The Aircraft... From the figure 3(a), 3(b) and 3(c) it was observed that maximum stress of the wing box is concentrated near the rivet hole locations of the splice joint of the bottom wing skin. And these will be fatigue critical locations in the aircraft bottom wing skin.      IV. CONCLUSIONS: The maximum stress concentrated part of the bottom wing skin splice joint has been identified for the stress analysis Finite element method approach is used for the stress analysis Loads and boundary conditions are accurately simulated to obtain the response of the wing box similar to the response of the parent structure at this location. Maximum stress of σmax =25.2kg/mm2 is obtained near one of the rivet hole location of the bottom wing skin splice joint. The highest tensile stress location will be the location of fatigue crack initiation spot in the wiring box. So using these results we can go for the fatigue life to crack initiation calculations. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] Fawaz, S. A. and BörjeAndersson. “Accurate Stress Intensity Factor Solutions for UnsymmetricCornerCracks at a Hole”. Proc. of the Fourth Joint NASA Conference on Aging Aircraft, vol 15 (2000),pp 135-139 C.S. Kusko, J.N. Dupont, A.R. Marder, “Influence of stress ratio on fatigue crack propagation behavior of stainless steel welds”. Welding Journal, vol 19,(2004), pp 122-130, N. Ranganathan, H. Aldroe, F. Lacroix, F. Chalon, R. Leroy, A. Tougui. “Fatigue crack initiation at a notch”. International Journal of Fatigue, vol 33, (2011), pp 492–499. Newman, J.C. “A crack opening stress equation for fatigue crack growth”. International Journal of Fracture, vol 24(2003), pp 131–135. Lance Proctor et al, local analysis of fastener holes using the linear gap technology using MSC/NASTRAN, Presented at MSC Aerospace Users’ Conference, 2000, pp1-24. A.M.Brown, Simulating fretting contact in single lap splices, International Journal of Fatigue, 2009, pp 375-384. M.R. Urban, Analysis of the fatigue life of riveted sheet metal helicoptor airframe joints, International journal of fatigue, 2003, pp 1013-1026. Gresnigt AM, Steenhuis CM. Stiffness of lap joints with preloaded bolts, Proceedings of the NATO ARW, 2000. Brombolich LJ. Elastic–plastic analysis of stresses near fastener holes. AIAA 11th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, 1973. [AIAA no. 72-252]. S.G.S. Raman, V.M. Radhakrishnan, “On cyclic stress-strain behaviour and low cycle fatigue life,” Materials and Design, 2002, Vol.23, pp.249- 254. RamzyzanRamly et al, Design and Analysis for Development of a Wing Box Static Test Rig, International conference on science and social research, December 2010, pp 113-117. Huth H. Influence of fastener flexibility on the prediction of load transfer and fatigue life for multiple-row joints. In: Potter JM, editor. Fatigue in mechanically fastened composite and metallic joints, ASTM STP 927. 1986. p. 221–50. Szolwinski MP, Farris TN. Linking riveting process parameters to the fatigue performance of riveted aircraft structures. AIAA99-1339, 1999. ||Issn 2250-3005 || ||November||2013|| Page 17