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FNML Presentation for COSOP 2016_Progress Report

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FNML Presentation for COSOP 2016_Progress Report

  1. 1. SOUTHERN LAOS FOOD & NUTRITION SECURITY AND MARKET LINKAGES PROGRAMME – SMALLHOLDER ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE (FNML-SACCC) Progress Report (October 2013 – March 2016)
  2. 2. CONTENTS • Introduction of Southern Laos Food & Nutrition Security and Market Linkages Programme – Smallholder Adaptation to Climate Change Component (FNML-SACCC) • Physical Progress of FNML activities • Programme Progress Report base on Log frame indicators • Programme Disbursement • Lessons Learnt
  3. 3. INTRODUCTION OF FNML-SACCC • Location: 3 southern provinces of Lao PDR and 5 poorest districts e.g. Phouvong and Sanxai in Attapue, Duckcheung in Sekong and Samoi and Taoy in Salavanh. • Targets: 175 poor and poorest villages with 10,500 households and 63,000 direct beneficiaries. • Endorsement: Programme implementation October 2013 – September 2019, Financial Closing in March 2020. GOAL: CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TARGET AREA
  4. 4. FUNDING Funding Source FNML SACCC Total IFAD 9.72 0.00 9.72 ASAP 0.00 5.03 5.03 GoL 0.56 0.6 1.15 Bank & Private Sector 1.48 0.00 1.48 Beneficiary 0.54 0.93 1.47 Total: 12.3 6.56 18.85 • Main funding sources are: • IFAD Grant No. D-I SDF8117-LA: US$ 9.72 • ASAP Grant No. 200001141: US$ 5.03 • Government contribution amounts US$ 1.15 mill. in form of government financing taxes and duties as well as government staff salaries. • private sector and Partner Banks will contribute around US$ 1.48 million inform of investments and loans for agri- business. • Beneficiary contribution amounts US$ 1.47 mill. in form of labors and local given materials calculated in current market price 51% 27% 6% 8% 8% IFAD ASAP GoL Bank & Private Sector Beneficiary
  5. 5. COMPONENTS FNML-COMPONENTS 1 • Food and Nutrition Security and Pro-Poor Market Access 2 • Inclusive Rural Finance Support 3 • Institutional Support SACCC-SUB COMPONENTS (STARTING FY 2015-16) 1 • Enabling environment for climate change adaptation strengthened 2 • Community-based Adaptation Investment Plans sustainably implemented 3 • Climate change adaptation fund disbursed
  6. 6. GOAL & OBJECTIVES INDICATORS GOAL: CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TARGET AREA 90% of 10,500 HH out of poverty At least 50% of households with improved food security 20% reduction in child malnutrition Household assets index increased by at least 50% 60% of target households report 50% increase in the agricultural output of diversified food crops and key cash crop products At least 30% increase in home garden nutritional food consumption (balance after production increase) 50% increase of number of HHs accessing financial services (including Group Saving) 50% of target HHs have entered into a successful PPP
  7. 7. GOAL & OBJECTIVES INDICATORS (SACCC) DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE: ENSURE SUSTAINABLE FOOD SECURITY, NUTRITION AND INCOME OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE TARGET AREA GOAL: CONTRIBUTE TO REDUCE EXTREME POVERTY AND HUNGER 6,000 households report an agricultural output of food crops of at least 2.0 tons/ha 900 vulnerable HH cultivate 270 ha of vegetables 4,000 HHs accessing financial services 3,000 HHs participating in a PPP 4,200 direct beneficiary HHs moved down the CC vulnerability scale by at least one step
  8. 8. PHYSICAL PROGRESS As of March 2016
  9. 9. VILLAGE PROGRAMMING 25 75 75 25 100 175 25 100 173 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 PRA Village Plan VD implemented • A three day Participatory Rural Appraisal was carried out in each target get village. • Problem analysis and need assessment were carried out by the district team leaded by DAFO consisted of representatives from district line agencies. • Village Development Plan prepared by the end of the exercise, and this will be basis for development of FNML AWPB.
  10. 10. PROMOTION OF KEY CROPS 247 754 769 0 4 40 0 72 453 0 117 8 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Coffee Arabica Vegetable (Cash crops) Cassava Maize • Potential market-oriented crops have been identified together with target farmers during VDP exercise. • FNML provides the participating farmers with seeds material and equipment. • A three day on the job training was provided before starting activities. • Monitoring and on field supervision has been carried on the regularly basic.
  11. 11. NICHE CROPS 243 1044 1766 220 86 270 99 36 5282 298 85 715 488 22 2412 26 30 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Bong Cardamom Ginseng Moringa Banana Pine apples Others • Potential perennial and annual crops were identified with interested group of farmers during PRA exercise. • FNML provides seeds, material and equipment (shade nets, plastic bags..etc). • A number of days training was provided by DAFO staff depending on need. • On field supervision was organized on the regular basis by the Kumban staff.
  12. 12. HOME GARDEN 744 1,932 5,849 744 2,527 7,871 595 2,022 6,297 119 607 3,148 - 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 HH received Starter Kits HH implementing HG HH consuming Vegetable HH have income from HG • Home gardening is opened activity for all households. FNML tries to get as much as possible number of HH to join in the activity. • HG has been promoted as one activities under the nutrition component. • FNML provides seeds, material and equipment for participating HH as a starter kit. • Training on HG was provided on the job.
  13. 13. NUTRITION CAMPAIGN 25 75 4 0 100 0 25 100 00 61 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Nutrition campaign Cooking class Hygien campaign Malnutrition survey • Nutrition campaign will be organized once in each target village and cover possible all men, women and children. • Cooking class targeted women in HH which are identified as malnourish. • Hygienic campaign was organized as part of nutrition campaign. • Malnutrition survey is done for all target villages to check the malnutrition status of children under 5 years old.
  14. 14. WATER SUPPLY (UN-HABITAT) 0 15 00 8 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Construction Rehabilitation • New construction of 2 underground water system and 1 rehabilitation of water supply in Phouvong district, 94 HH benefited. • 5 water supply system constructed in Sanxai, 964 HH benefited • 2 new construction and 3 rehabilitation of gravity fed system in Samoi, 418 HH benefited. • 4 rehabilitation and 1 construction of gravity fed water schemes, 423 HH benefited. • 5 gravity fed water system constructed in Duckcheng, 300 HH benefited.
  15. 15. RURAL FINANCE 0 15 69 0 15 69 0 0 4 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Group Formation Saving group formation Saving group operational Group lending 0 15000 53500 0 0 8000 0 0 8000 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Loan Portfolio Saving amount Loan issued loan outstanding portfolio
  16. 16. VALUE CHAIN • Initiative trainings organized in Taoy district for banana value chain (making banana chips, dried banana ect.) • Training on post harvesting and processing of coffee for coffee production groups in Sanxai district. • Provision of 6 coffee processing machines to coffee production group of farmers in Sanxai district
  17. 17. BUSINESS PARTNERSHIP DEVELOPMENT • MOU signed between FNML and Khouanchai Chalern Karnkha for coffee production and trading in programme target villages. • MOU of cooperation between Nayobai Bank and FNML is still under process of signing. • A small market facility established along road in Taoy district for farmers to sell their agriculture produces.
  18. 18. STAFF TRAINING 174 50 15 57 74 35 64 65 65 26 80 00 75 00 0 88 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 No Staff trained by subject & year M&E & PCAP Finance & Software PRA & VDP TOT for extension Nutrition ITC 183 130 146 84 55 63 56 36 48 22 20 25 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 M&E & PCAP Finance & Software PRA & VDP TOT for extension Nutrition ITC No staff trained by sex M F
  19. 19. FARMER TRAINING - 325 147 744 1,932 - 372 1,642 - 298 1,314 - - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 2013-14 2014-15 2015-16 Farmers trained by year & subject farmer to farmer Croping techniques Extension techniques Post havesting/ processing 435 1,607 1,511 1,209 118 1,069 504 403 - 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 farmer to farmer Croping techniques Extension techniques Post havesting/ processing Farmers trained by sex M F
  20. 20. PROGRESS ON LOG FRAME INDICATORS As of March 2016
  21. 21. 1. PROJECT BENEFICIARIES YEAR 1 (13- 14) YEAR 2 (14- 15) YEAR 3 (15- 16) YEAR 4 (16- 17) YEAR 5 (17- 18) YEAR 6 (18- 19) YEAR 7 (19- 20) Men 3,175 11,330 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative men 3,175 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 Women 3,304 11,793 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative women 3,304 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 Total per year 6,479 23,123 0 0 0 0 0 Total cumulatives 6,479 29,602 29,602 29,602 29,602 29,602 29,602 3,175 11,330 0 0 0 0 0 3,304 11,793 0 0 0 0 0 3,175 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 14,505 3,304 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 15,097 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Men Women Cumulative Men Cumulative Women Analysis: From the beginning of the project to year 2, 29.602 people have benefited from the project, 51% are women and 49% are men. Target beneficiaries: 63.000 Women:50%
  22. 22. 2. AT LEAST 85% OF HH ADOPTS SUPPORT SERVICES YEAR 1 (13- 14) YEAR 2 (14- 15) YEAR 3 (15- 16) YEAR 4 (16- 17) YEAR 5 (17- 18) YEAR 6 (18- 19) YEAR 7 (19- 20) Men 324 1,156 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulativemen 324 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 1,480 Women 756 2,698 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulativewomen 756 3,454 3,454 3,454 3,454 3,454 3,454 Totalper year 1,080 3,854 0 0 0 0 0 Totalcumulatives 1,080 4,934 4,934 4,934 4,934 4,934 4,934 324 1,156 0 0 0 0 0 756 2,698 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 3,500 4,000 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Men Women Cumulative Men Cumulative Women Analysis: From the beginning of the project to year 2, 4 934 households have adopted support services. 70% of these households are women headed. Target Men: 4452 Women: 4463
  23. 23. 3. AT LEAST 50% OF HH ADOPTS IMPROVED TECHNIQUES YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Men 259 925 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative men 259 1,184 1,184 1,184 1,184 1,184 1,184 Women 389 1,387 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative women 389 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776 1,776 Total per year 648 2,312 0 0 0 0 0 Total cumulatives 648 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960 2,960 259 925 0 0 0 0 0 389 1,387 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Men Women Cumulative Men Cumulative Women Analysis: From the beginning of the project to year 2, 2 960 households have adopted improved techniques. 60% of these households are women headed. Target Men: 2 625 Women: 2 625
  24. 24. 4. 2000 DAYS OF FARMER TO FARMER EXTENTION (50% WOMEN; 50% MEN) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Days 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative Days 0 22 22 22 22 22 22 0 22 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Days Cumulative Days Analysis: In year 2, 22 days of farmer to farmer extension have been completed, which is only 1% of the project's target (2000 days). Information regarding the participants (men/women) is not yet available.
  25. 25. 5. AT LEAST 85% OF HH DEMONSTRATE IMPROVED KNOWLEDGE IN NUTRITIONAL HOME GARDENING (80% WOMEN; 20% MEN) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Men 112 290 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative men 112 401 401 401 401 401 401 Women 632 1,642 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative women 632 2,275 2,275 2,275 2,275 2,275 2,275 Total per year 744 1,932 0 0 0 0 0 Total cumulatives 744 2,676 2,676 2,676 2,676 2,676 2,676 112 290 0 0 0 0 0 632 1,642 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Men Women Cumulative Men Cumulative Women Analysis: From year 1 to 2, 2 676 households demonstrated improved knowledge in nutritional home gardening, which represents 30% of the project's target of 8 925 households. 85% of those households are women headed.. Target Men: 1 785 Women: 7 140
  26. 26. 5. 60 DRINKING WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Water Supply 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative 0 23 23 23 23 23 23 0 23 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Water Supply Cumulative Analysis: In year 2, 23 drinking water supply schemes have been constructed/rehabilitated, which is 38% of the project's target of 60 schemes. Target 60
  27. 27. 6. EACH OF THE 175 TARGET VILLAGES HAS RECEIVED GENERAL INFORMATION AND BASIC TRAINING IN ACCESSING A GROUP LOAN AND MATCHING GRANT YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Village 0 17 23 0 0 0 0 Cumulative Village 0 17 40 40 40 40 40 0 17 23 0 0 0 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Village Cumulative Village Analysis: In year 2, 17 villages have received general info and basic training in accessing a group loan and matching grant. They were 23 in year 3, so a total of 40, which is 23% of the project's target of 175 villages.
  28. 28. 7. AT LEAST 50 VILLAGES RECEIVED MATCHING GRANTS FOR JOINT INVESTMENTS IN MARKETING FACILITIES YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Village 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Cumulative Village 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) YEAR 4 (16-17) YEAR 5 (17-18) YEAR 6 (18-19) YEAR 7 (19-20) Village Cumulative Village Analysis: No any progress regarding this activity from year 1 to 2.
  29. 29. DISBURSEMENT As of March 2016
  30. 30. DISBURSEMENT BY COMP DISBURSEMENTS PER COMPONENT (USD '000) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Total Component I: Food and Nutrition Security and Pro Poor Market Access. Approved 1,028.04 1,799.55 1,494.83 4,322.42 Achieved 572.49 1,121.42 301.78 1,995.68 % Achieved 56% 62% 20% 46% Component II: Inclusive Rural Finance Approved - 588.70 68.62 657.32 Achieved - 300.53 - 300.53 % Achieved #DIV/0! 51% 0% 46% Component III: Institutional Support Approved 939.75 1,208.82 1,419.98 3,568.55 Achieved 464.03 979.61 531.57 1,975.21 % Achieved 49% 81% 37% 55% Component IV: SACCC Approved - - 934.87 934.87 Achieved - - - - % Achieved #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0% 0% Total Approved 1,967.79 3,597.07 3,918.30 9,483.16 Achieved 1,036.51 2,401.57 833.35 4,271.43 % Achieved 53% 67% 21% 45% - 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,400.00 1,600.00 1,800.00 2,000.00 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Comp 1 Approved Comp 2 Approved Comp 3 Approved Comp 4 Approved Comp 1 Achieved Comp 2 Achieved Comp 3 Achieved Comp 4 Achieved
  31. 31. DISBURSEMENTS PER FINANCER DISBURSEMENTS PER FINANCER (USD '000) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Total IFAD Grant Approved 1,728.49 3,354.87 3,672.70 8,756.06 Achieved 902.21 2,151.02 765.55 3,818.78 % Achieved 52% 64% 21% 44% Government Approved 54.30 142.20 135.60 332.10 Achieved 54.30 150.55 67.80 272.65 % Achieved 100% 106% 50% 82% Private Sector Approved 99.00 0.00 0.00 99.00 Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 % Achieved 0.00 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00 Banks Approved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 % Achieved #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Beneficiaries Approved 6.00 0.00 0.00 6.00 Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 % Achieved 0.00% #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.00% UN Habitat Approved 80.00 100.00 110.00 290.00 Achieved 80.00 100.00 0.00 180.00 % Achieved 100% 100% 0% 62% Total Approved 1,967.79 3,597.07 3,918.30 9,483.16 Achieved 1,036.51 2,401.57 833.35 4,271.43 % Achieved 53% 67% 21% 45% 0.00 500.00 1,000.00 1,500.00 2,000.00 2,500.00 3,000.00 3,500.00 4,000.00 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) IFAD Grant Approved Government Approved Private Sector Approved Banks Approved Beneficiaries Approved UN Habitat Approved IFAD Achieved Government Achieved Private Sector Achieved Banks Achieved Beneficiaries Achieved UN Habitat Achieved
  32. 32. DISBURSEMENTS BY CATEGORY 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,400.00 YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Civil Work Approved Vehicle and Equipment Approved Technical Assistance Approved Operating Cost Approved Agriculture Inputs Approved Matching Grant Approved Training and Capacity Building Approved Civil Work Achieved Vehicle and Equipment Achieved Technical Assistance Achieved Operating Cost Achieved Agriculture Inputs Achieved Matching Grant Achieved Training and Capacity Building Achieved DISBURSEMENTS PER CATEGORY (USD '000) YEAR 1 (13-14) YEAR 2 (14-15) YEAR 3 (15-16) Total I. CIVIL WORK Approved 380.00 800.00 730.00 1,910.00 Achieved 380.00 800.00 0.00 1,180.00 % Achieved 100% 100% 0% 62% II. VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT Approved 293.90 21.50 297.00 612.40 Achieved 68.50 270.36 0.00 338.86 % Achieved 23% 1257% 0% 55% III. AGRICULTURE INPUTS Approved 315.00 702.06 529.94 1,547.00 Achieved 122.64 206.33 313.18 642.15 % Achieved 39% 29% 59% 42% IV. MATCHING GRANT Approved 85.00 225.00 33.12 343.12 Achieved 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 % Achieved 0% 0% 0% 0% V. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Approved 279.80 763.60 491.10 1,534.50 Achieved 139.09 491.70 98.08 728.87 % Achieved 50% 64% 20% 47% VI. TRAINING AND CAPACITY BUILDING Approved 446.04 641.19 1,220.26 2,307.49 Achieved 173.73 174.01 124.04 471.77 % Achieved 39% 27% 10% 20% VII. OPERATING COST Approved 168.05 443.72 616.88 1,228.65 Achieved 152.55 459.17 298.05 909.76 % Achieved 91% 103% 48% 74% Total Approved 1,967.79 3,597.07 3,918.30 9,483.16 Achieved 1,036.51 2,401.57 833.34 4,271.42 % Achieved 53% 67% 21% 45%
  33. 33. Lessons Learnt As proposals to COSOP
  34. 34. LESSONS LEARNT • The Southern Laos Food & Nutrition Security and Market Linkages Programme has been designed based on successes and lessons learnt from the Rural Livelihood Improvement Programme (RLIP) which has been implemented from October 2005 to September 2013 in three districts of Attapeu province. • RLIP has been successfully mainstreaming community development into government community and district planning systems, which although requiring more work to institutionalize the process should be replicated into new IFAD programmes in Lao PDR. • In the most remote and poorest villages a social entry point, such as the provision of water supply or health services, and road access is needed as a starting point to be able to successfully work on food and nutrition security, value chain & business development, etc.
  35. 35. LESSONS LEARNT (CONT.) • There is need to expand the range of activities beyond crop production only to more integrated livelihood oriented activities to respond to demand of farmers, including chicken, small livestock and fish. • Better integration of water and agricultural activities in the programme, e.g. through multi-use water system that serve both domestic and production purposes as well as supporting water-efficient production systems in the many villages where water availability is a critical constraint to increased agricultural production. • There is need to orient programme activities to two different types of farmer groups e.g. - "producer groups" oriented towards more market driven production and "learning groups" more focused on meeting food needs and addressing nutrition requirement (and hence largely looking at production and practices not specifically linked to the market)
  36. 36. LESSONS LEARNT (CONT.) • Targeting of the programme should be varied according to types of activities, but not only focused on the poor (e.g. market-oriented production vs. food security). • Good exist strategies are very important to ensure sustainability of the project achievements, therefore there is need to include these strategies to the project implemention manual.
  37. 37. Thanks!!

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