Beyond digitalisation semeinar at VU amsterdam 2016-06-07

1. Digitalization of dependable cyber-
physical systems
- new features and old challenges
Ivica Crnkovic
Ivica.crnkovic@chalmres.se
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg
ICT Area of Advance@Chalmers

2. Digitalization
• Digitalization is integration of digital technologies
into everyday life by the digitisation of everything
that can be digitised (Businessdictionary.com).
• Digitization - Transformation of artifices,
relations, processes, and methods in a digital
form that can be used by computers, in which all
advantages of computer processing can be
utilised.
16-06-06 2Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

3. Dependability
16-06-06 3
System dependability is the ability of the system to justifiably deliver the expected
functionality, fulfilling the functional and performance requirements,
during its operational lifetime.
SECURITY
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

4. Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems
Example: car systems
• A) Set of embedded systems
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5. • Example: Adaptive Cruise Controller
Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems
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6. • Example: Adaptive Cruise Controller
Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems
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sensors
Vehicle
actuators
Engine Control Local brake Control Transmission ………
local
Vehicle stability
Adaptive Cruise control
Antispin Global
(complex)
functions
Hardware
Input/output drivers
Middleware
ECU ECU ECU
Applications
SOFTWARE COMPONENTS
Collision detection
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

7. • Cooperative cars
Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems
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8. What do we mean by digitalization here?
– Model- and software-driven
development
• Using digitized assets and software
methods & tools for system
development
– Data-driven
• System development and system
performance based on data
collected (i.e. evidence) to optimize
the development and system
performance
– Value-driven
• Find new values (system features &
business) based on digitalization
16-06-06 8Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

9. Model- and software-driven
development
• “softwareization” of non-software companies
– Model-driven development & production
(Industrie 4.0 in the production)
– Software development processes
• Continuous deployment while keeping dependability
• Enabling experimentation and including end-users in an eco-
loop
• Continuous optimization
– System product line with software methods
(variability, component properties vs. system
properties)
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10. Challenges: Model- and software-
driven development
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• “software”-ization of non-software companies
– Software development processes
• Continuousdeploymentwhile keeping dependability
• Enabling experimentationand includingof end-users in
an eco-loop
• Continuousoptimization
– System product line with software methods
(variability, component properties vs. system
properties)
– (Industrie 4.0 in the production)
new
SA - experimentation
New software architecture
SA - production
Old software architecture
Communication channels
new
new
Parallel
execution
Data
collection
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

11. Implies
Integration of IoT – sensors & data fusion
Extended communication means
Data collection & storage (big data)
Data analytics & visualisation
AI and machine (deep) learning
Data-driven development
• Information from the environment & information from the system
– Other cars
– Other systems & sources of information (forecast, traffic)
– Crowdsourcing
– Different accuracy and availability
• Feedback & eco systems
– System behavior/response
– User experience
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12. Challenges: Data-driven development
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• Information from the environment& information
from the system
– Integration of IoT – sensor & data fusion
– Data collection/evidence (bigdata)
– AI and machine (deep) learning
• Object/3D recognition
• Feedback & eco systems
– System behavior/response
– User experience
– Crowdsourcing
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
New IoT
Data storage
cloud
Changes: System Architecture
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

13. Challenges: Data-driven development
16-06-06 13
• Information from the environment& information
from the system
– Integration of IoT – sensor & data fusion
– Data collection/evidence (bigdata)
– AI and machine (deep) learning
• Object/3D recognition
• Feedback & eco systems
– System behavior/response
– User experience
– Crowdsourcing
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
FPGA
Muticore
CPU
GPU
CPU to mCPU+GPE+FPGA
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
ECU
Changes: from many ECU to a few power-ECU
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

14. Challenges: Data-driven development
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• Information from the environment& information
from the system
– Integration of IoT – sensor & data fusion
– Data collection/evidence (bigdata)
– AI and machine (deep) learning
• Object/3D recognition
• Feedback & eco systems
– System behavior/response
– User experience
– Crowdsourcing
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
New IoT Data storage
cloud
FPGA
Muticore
CPU
GPU
CPU to mCPU+GPE+FPGA
Software components deployment optimization
Data optimization (communication and storage)
Energy consumption optimization – foraging systems
Vehicle mechanics
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
ECU
Sensor ActuatorSensor
gateway
(CAN) BUS
brake injection
Infotaiment
ECU – Electronic Control Unit
ECU
Changes: System Architecture
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

15. Value-driven development
• Extended functionality
– From petrol-driven to electricity-driven cars
• Energy management
– System energy optimization (power, consumption)
– Energy management logistic (battery loading or replacement)
– From human-driven to self-driving cars (autonomous cars)
• New deep learning and machine learning algorithms
– 3D object recognitions
– Cognitive and behavior sciences
– SE methods for machine learning (version management,…)
• SAFETY aspects
– Safety autonomous vs. autonomous
– Safety autonomous vs. humans
• SECURITY aspects
• Security impact on Safety
• Ethical Issues
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16. Value-driven development
• New business models
– Managing resources without having them
–New relations between different businesses
• Services using autonomous systems
• Collective driving
• Cars on demand
• …
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17. Proposal (Swedish Industrial Research Center):
: 5D –five dimensions of digitalisation
of complex dependable systems.
• 5D - Support in digitalisation of
– Development
– Production
– Run-time
– Business
– Sustainability (safety, security, efficiency)
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18. 16-06-06 18
Digitalisation Support
1.
Development
Digitalisation
Software
processes
Continuous
deployment
Digital product
Lines
HMI
2.
Evidence-
based System
adaption
Big-data-based
machine
learning and
adaption
4.
Digital
Security
Big-data-based
Security for
adaptive
/dynamically
configurable
systems
5.
Digital Safety
Safety for
adaptive
/dynamically
configurable
systems
6.
Digital
Business
Innovation
New business
models, risks,
user needs
Industry Projects: Dynamic configurations, ”electrifications”, Logical/physical architectures
– big-ECU, big-data collection, visualisation and HMI
3.
Efficient
Processing
and
communicati
on
Efficient and
secure data
processing
and
communication
Proposal – Industrial Research Centre
Ivica Crnkovic, VU Amsterdam, seminar

19. Conclusion
• Digitalization – revolution in development and
use of products
• Digitalization of dependable CPs
– Enormous challenges
• Some of them known but must be developed for the
particular domains
• Many new challenges
• SE important for the support – new SE methods/tools
will be developed
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