This document discusses the potential for tidal power generation in Egypt. It describes two main types of tidal power technologies - barrages that use potential energy from tidal height changes, and marine turbines that convert the kinetic energy of tidal currents. The power output from turbines depends on factors like water density, turbine diameter, and tidal velocity. The document analyzes the tidal resource potential in the Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea, and Nile River, finding that the Nile has the highest maximum tidal velocities and power output potential of the three locations. It also discusses Egypt's existing Aswan Dam hydroelectric project and growing energy demands. The conclusion is that tidal power could provide a new opportunity to generate clean electricity for Egypt.

1. By: Sherif Al Dajani
Arab Academy for Science & Technology
Mechanical Department, Alexandria.
PhD researcher at Staffordshire university
UK.

2. - Introduction.
- Tidal energy.
- Power generation formula.
- Discussion.
- Tidal Energy in the region of Egypt
- Aswan High Dam.
- Conclusion.

3. - Energy consumption is increasing dramatically all
over the whole world.
-Traditional methods of electricity production such
as oil, gas and coal power stations are leading to
serious environmental pollution and as natural
resources are depleted, the running cost make
them less economically viable.
-Many countries in Europe and North America are
proposing to use renewable energies which are
freely available and offer negligible or even zero
pollution.

5. - There are two main types of tidal power widely used in
the world. The first type is the use of barrages which
depend on the variation of potential energy.

6.  The second type of tidal power depends on harnessing the
kinetic energy of the moving water currents, changing this
kinetic energy into electrical power through the use of marine
turbines

7. - Since marine turbines convert the marine currents to energy,
the output power of the marine turbine depends on several
factors such as the density of the fluid, the rotor diameter of
the blades and Cubic Square of the flow velocity. The
generated power is governed by the same equation for the
wind turbines as following.
 P = ½(ρ A V3
)

9. -Horizontal mounted (HT) turbines are recommended to be
used in rivers with small height (e.g. Nile River). HT type will
produce about a 12 MW of energy to supply power for 12,000
domestic houses.
- On the other hand, vertical mounted turbines (VT) (SEAGEN)
can be used in sea (e.g. Red and Mediterranean Sea).
- HT can reach a height water depth up to 40 m, without
obstruction for navigation. VT turbines are much heavier (e.g.
around 170 Ton) than HT turbines, accordingly needs more
infrastructure to be fixed on seabed.
- Each single turbine in VT may produce 1.2 MW which is
capable to supply electric power for 1200 domestic houses

10.  The Red Sea (which is a branch of the Indian Ocean) is 1900km long
with an average width of 280km and depth of 490m, Tidal velocities
passing through constrictions caused by reefs, sand bars and low
islands mainly exceed 1-2 m/s. Generally, the velocity of the tidal
current in Red Sea is 0.5-0.6 m/s with a maximum of 1 m/s.

11.  The Mediterranean Sea is surrounded by Europe at the North,
Asia from the east and Africa from the west. The
Mediterranean Sea covers about 2.5 million km2
in area, and
has an average depth of 1500 m. The average tidal currents
speed reaches about 1.5 m/s at the Egyptian coast.
 The Nile River, at about 6650 km long, is considered as the
longest river in the world. The Nile River basin runs through
ten countries from Sudan in the South to the North of Egypt,
where it splits into two branches.
 Water current turbines can be built in the Nile River which has
an average flow velocity of 2 m/s.

12. -The Aswan high Dam was completed in 1971. It works on the
principle of using the difference of heights between the high water in
the dam which is at 196m above sea level and the floor of the dam
which is at 85m above sea level.
- The high dam houses 12 Frances turbines each producing of 0.175
MW power. The station total capacity is 10,000 GW/year and is used
for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes.
-As a comparison a traditional thermal power plant with the same
output power will produce 210 million tons of carbon dioxide per year
which is harmful to both humans and the environment.

13.  Table below shows a calculated power output from the
available three tidal current power resources in Egypt,
using a single turbine with 16m rotor diameter. This
shows the maximum output power for the Nile River
(higher water current) is more than both Red and
Mediterranean Seas.
Resource
Maximum current
velocity
(m/s)
Maximum output power
(MW)
Red Sea 1 0.1
Mediterranean Sea 1.5 0.35
Nile River 2 0.8

14. - Abundant clean energy leads to industrial improvements
and reduces the gases emissions from thermal power
stations.
- The high growth in population in Egypt leads to increases
in the demand for electricity.
- Egypt has many locations which could be used for
installing new tidal power stations.
- Accordingly, using tidal power energy can be seen as a
new and effective opportunity to produce electric power for
Egypt.

15. Thank you