3. Geopolitical Environment
• International and Regional establishment process with peculiarities
• There are two waves or levels of foundational processes going on
with probabilistic effects reaching far beyond the region.
• Firstly, internationally major powers; such as Russia, China, India are having
ebb and flow approach in their policies toward the region.
• Central Asia is NOT in the Center of foreign policy objectives of major powers.
• Too precious to leave aside, too early to hop in situation
• Not rivalry but rhetorical competition
• Nevertheless geopolitical structuring process is under way with small but sure
steps.
4. Geopolitical Environment
• Secondly, regionally states within CA are in the foundational process
of nation and identity building in quiet specific ways and means.
• Emphasis more differences than similarities
• Differing regimes are making the situation unique and exceptional;
ranging from authoritarian to parliamentary democracy.
• These international and regional processes are, to some extent,
hindering regional integration and slowing down the progress in
completing regions integration with the world.
• Despite the differences all regional states are seeking to connect with
the outside world in multiple directions.
5. Great Power Engagement in CA
• Russia;
• Historically shaped, empirically proved sphere of influence.
• Military presence as prestige except Tajik Civil War
• Economic presence based on Soviet infrastructure but not significant
investments in mega projects
• Economically, observes balance within CA in mega investments “keep at hand
but slow down action approach” (Dam projects and others)
• Significant Russian presences in CA and migrants from CA serves as political
leverage.
• Russian media as a strong perception maker, positive or negative sense
6. Great Power Engagement in CA
• China;
• Strong economic commitment in terms of investments
• Economic powerhouse in times of crises –risk taker
• Building perceptional base through economic aid and educational institutions
“ the present of Chinese Nation to Kyrgyz nation slogans on busses etc.”
• No comment in internal conflictual issues; let’s do business approach
• Strategic patience, mild dragon approach, ( military agreements until 2020)
• Language barrier,
• Perceived skeptically even not stated directly
• Migration
7. Great Power Engagement in CA
• United States;
• Afghanistan focused approach, less economic commitment
• Engage Central Asia through allies or friendly nations
• No security guarantee - not strong security commitment; too land locked to
reach, too risky to invest, too important to neglect limbo
• Far behind on perception building comparing Russia
• Lack of regional integration without Russia and China hinders US ambitions.
• There seems attempts in US circles to awaken the US interests towards the
region, but CA lacks attraction or has less attraction comparing with other
regions.
• US may support at least politically friendly nations engagement vis a vis China and
Russia
8. Great Power Engagement in CA
• India;
• Not sufficient engagement comparing the capacity
• Strong positive perception in cultural terms in CA
• Lack of transportation lines, mountain ranges, international pressure on
Iran, disputed relations with Pakistan hinders Indian engagement in Central
Asia
• Strategic to the point trade agreements; uranium purchasing and other
mineral buying agreements.
• TAPI project
• Connect Central Asia policy and recent high profile visit and implications
(243.000 total entry, 3530 news entry, 10400 video entry)
9. Great Power Engagement in CA
• Perception building through capacity building and trainings,
successful so far.
• India can be cooperative power in the region between outside as well
as internal states.
• Connect Central Asia policy may be a leverage in terms of economy
with her neighbors.
• India may build model partnership with Kyrgyzstan and other states in
CA and enhance it toward the wider region. ( Political experience to
become global)
10. Policy Recommendations
• Emphasizing more cooperation with other major powers than
competition.
• Encouraging more people to people diplomacy
• Implementing produce for Central Asia initiatives.
• More student and expert exchange may be useful to enhance
relations.
• Provide scholarships to students from India to Central Asia, from
Central Asia to India to study International Relations, Economics,
Sociology and other areas.