What is a Typical Unconventional Gas Reservoir? Compare between Conventional vs. Unconventional Reservoir What are Unconventional Resources…! Why Do We Need Unconventional Reservoirs ? Unconventional Gas Reservoir; Unconventional Resources; Worldwide Unconventional Gas Production; Types of Natural Gas Resource; The Resource Triangle

1. Hassan Z. Harraz
hharraz2006@yahoo.com
Spring 2018
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Unconventional reservoir
@Hassan Harraz 2018
UnconventionalReservoir
Tight Gas, Coal Seams, Shales, and Hydrates

2. Outline
Introduction
Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Unconventional Resources
Worldwide Unconventional Gas Production
Types of Natural Gas Resource
The Resource Triangle
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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 What is a Typical Unconventional Gas Reservoir?
 Compare between Conventional vs. Unconventional Reservoir
 What are Unconventional Resources…!
 Why Do We Need Unconventional Reservoirs ?

3. 1) INTRODUCTION

4. 1.1) Unconventional Gas Reservoir

6. @Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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7. 1.2) Conventional Reservoir vs. Unconventional Reservoir

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9. 1.3) What are Unconventional Resources…!

10. 1.4) Why Do We Need Unconventional Reservoirs ?

11. 1.5) Natural Gas Accumulation Types
Schematic showing the Geometryof Conventional and Unconventional Natural Gas Resources
Low permeability reservoirs contain GIP only in pervasive gas saturated regimes
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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12. • hydrocarbons may be extracted by conventional vertical wells, or unconventional
horizontal drilling where rock layers rich in shale gas are fractured by pumping water
underground under high pressure with particles ("proppants") to keep the fractures
open
Schematic showing the Geology of Natural Gas Resources
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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13. 1.5) Natural Gas Accumulation Types

14. Types of Natural Gas Resources

15. An illustration of various types of gas deposits.
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16. Fracking for Natural Gas
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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 To get resources out of the ground, artificial
pathways (fractures) have to be created.
 The gas is trapped in layers accessible only by
horizontal drilling
 Key technologies are horizontal drilling and
hydraulic fracturing techniques.
 Need much higher number of extracting well.

17. 1.6) The Resource Triangle

18. @Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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Figure The resource triangle for oil and gas reservoirs.
Stephen Holditch’s Natural Gas Resource and Quality Types
IncreasedPrices
IncreasedTechnology
1,000 md
10 md
0.1 md
0.001 md
Small Volumes:
Easy develop
Large Volumes:
difficult to
develop

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20. 1.7) Natural Gas Resources
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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The most
pronounced trend in
the evolution of
world’s proven
resources is the
divergence between
conventional and
unconventional
resources.

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Shale has been visibly growing, while the
conventional base is slowly reducing.

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23. 1.8) Unconventionals have been the key source of global gas
production growth
Recent gas production growth was mainly driven by
unconventionals.
which was largely due to increases in the US and Canada.
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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24. U.S. Shale Production Forecast to Dramatically Increase, Resulting in
Lower in Natural Gas Prices
Source: EIA (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/aeo/er/executive_summary.cfm)
“The United States may be close to self-sufficiency in energy by 2030 because of a
"Shale Revolution" in the country.”
BP CEO Bob Dudley, January 17, 2013
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25. Shales: What’s the Big Deal?
International Energy Agency Projections
Source: Source: International Energy Agency, Golden Rules for a GoldenAge of Gas: World Energy Outlook,
Special Reporton UnconventionalGas, OECD/IEA,May 29, 2012
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26. approximation of the production rate of a
resource over time
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27. 1.9) Production Worldwide

28. Table 1: Distribution of worldwide unconventional gas reservoirs

29. Summary
Why Unconventional Gas Reservoirs need to be
Hydraulically Fractured
The importance of complex hydraulic fracture
geometry
The Hydraulic Fracturing Process described
Fracturing Materials
What Can We Control During a Fracture Treatment?
Why cause and effect with respect to production are
not always obvious
@Hassan Harraz 2018 Unconventional
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30. Outline of Lectures:
Topic 1: Natural Gas (Overview).
Topic 2: Unconventional Gas Reservoir
Topic 3: Shale Gas
Topic 4:Coalbed Methane (CBM)
Topic 5: Tight Reservoir
Topic 6: Gas Hydrates
Topic 7: Hydraulic Fracturing.
Topic 8 : Separating and Treating Well Fluids
Topic 9 : Natural Gas Processes
Topic 10 : Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Life Cycle Overview.
Topic 11 : Egyptian Natural Gas Resource (Overview).
@Hassan Harraz 2018
Nature Gas
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