this document is usful for power student

1. Hydropower Engineering
Lecture 3
School of Electrical &
Computer Engineering

2. Hydrology
 Hydrology is the scientific study of the movement, distribution,
and quality of water on earth and other planets, including the
water cycle, water resources and environmental watershed
sustainability.
 Hydrologic cycle. : the sequence of conditions through which
water passes from vapor in the atmosphere through precipitation
upon land or water surfaces and ultimately back into the
atmosphere as a result of evaporation and transpiration.
 The water cycle is driven primarily by the energy from the sun.
This solar energy drives the cycle by evaporating water from the
oceans, lakes, rivers, and even the soil.
 Other water moves from plants to the atmosphere through the
process of transpiration.
 The hydrologic cycle begins with the evaporation of water from
the surface of the ocean.

3. Cont’…
 There are four main stages in the water cycle. They
are evaporation, condensation, precipitation and collection.
Let's look at each of these stages.
 Evaporation: sun causes water from oceans, lakes, streams, ice
and soils to rise into the air and turn into water vapour (gas).

4. Cont’…

5. Cont’…
 A hydrograph provides the following information:
 The discharge at any time during the period under
consideration.
 The maximum and minimum run-off during the period.
 The average run-off during the period.
 Total volume of discharge up to any time, given by the area
under the curve up to that time.

6. THANK YOU