This module provides an introduction to web systems and technologies for students. It covers fundamental concepts like HTML, CSS, HTTP, and web servers. Students will learn about markup languages, formatting web content, and creating basic HTML and CSS files. The module objectives are for students to understand web communication protocols and be able to describe the functions of HTML, CSS, and hosting services. Assessments include activities, exercises, and midterm and final exams to evaluate students' skills and knowledge.

1. Binalatongan Community College
Brgy. Ilang San Carlos City, Pangasinan
Web Systems and
Technologies 1
MODULE 1
HUMPHREY A. DIAZ
INSTRUCTOR

2. Module No. 001
Subject Code : Web Systems and Technologies 1
Subject Description : The focus in this course is on the Web Servers and WWW as a
platform for interactive applications, content publishing and social services. The
development of web-based applications requires knowledge about the underlying
technology and the formats and standards the web is based upon. In this course you will
learn about the HTTP communication protocol, the markup languages HTML standards for
formatting and transforming web content, interactive graphics and multimedia content on
the web.
Term : 2nd
Semester 2021-2022
I. Learning Objectives:
- Demonstrate the mastery of the topics presented, knowledge and skills acquired by
performing within good expectations during the Midterm Examination.
- Apply the knowledge and skills earned, and display the knowledge gained during the
entire course by performing within good expectations in the Final Examination.
Upon completion of this module, the students will be able to:
Describe the function of Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) in Web communications.
Describe the function of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) in Web communications and
describe the relationship between CSS and HTML.
Define the terms "presentational” and "semantic” mean in the context of HTML/CSS
coding.
Describe the role played by hosting services on the Web.
Identify software that can be used to create, maintain, or modify HTML and CSS.
Describe the uses of a Content Management System.
Create empty HTML and CSS files.
Identify the parts of HTML and CSS files.
II. Learning Outcomes:
-Develop skills in analyzing the usability of a web site.
-Understand how to plan and conduct user research related to web usability.
-Learn the language of the web: HTML and CSS.
-Learn CSS grid layout and flexbox.
-Learn techniques of responsive web design, including media queries.
III. Learning Resources:
1. Required Learning Resources
- Learning Modules, Learning Management System
2. Additional Learning Resources
- HTML & CSS: Design and Build Web Sites, Jon Duckett 2018 John Wiley & Sons
Binalatongan Community College
Brgy. Ilang San Carlos City, Pangasinan

3. IV. Tasks to Complete:
- Complete the activities and quizzes included on the module by performing within good
expectations.
- Apply the knowledge and skills earned, and display the knowledge gained during the
entire course by performing within good expectations in Midterm and Final Examinations.
V. Content Items:
- Lesson 1: HTML Introduction
- Lesson 2: HTML Editors
- Lesson 3: HTML Elements
- Lesson 4: HTML Attributes
VI. Summary:
- This module provides the fundamental principles that guides students to their learning.
- The module is the intellectually disciplined process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing,
applying, analyzing, synthesizing, and/or evaluating information gathered from, or generated
by, observation, experience, reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to belief and
action.
VII. Assessments:
- To evaluate the students, the module provides some activities, exercises, self-checks and
quizzes. Examinations will be conducted at home.

4. HTML Introduction
LESSON 1: HTML Introduction
HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages.
What is HTML?
• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is the standard markup language for creating Web pages
• HTML describes the structure of a Web page
• HTML consists of a series of elements
• HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content
• HTML elements label pieces of content such as "this is a heading", "this is a paragraph",
"this is a link", etc.
A Simple HTML Document
Example Explained
• The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration defines that this document is an HTML5 document
• The <html> element is the root element of an HTML page
• The <head> element contains meta information about the HTML page
• The <title> element specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's
title bar or in the page's tab)
• The <body> element defines the document's body, and is a container for all the visible
contents, such as headings, paragraphs, images, hyperlinks, tables, lists, etc.
• The <h1> element defines a large heading
• The <p> element defines a paragraph

5. What is an HTML Element?
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag:
<tagname> Content goes here... </tagname>
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none
Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called
empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and
display them correctly.
A browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses them to determine how to display the
document:

6. HTML Page Structure
Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:
Note: The content inside the <body> section (the white area above) will be displayed in a browser.
The content inside the <title> element will be shown in the browser's title bar or in the page's tab.
HTML Editors
LESSON 2: HTML Editors
A simple text editor is all you need to learn HTML.
Learn HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit
Web pages can be created and modified by using professional HTML editors.
However, for learning HTML we recommend a simple text editor like Notepad (PC) or TextEdit
(Mac).
We believe in that using a simple text editor is a good way to learn HTML.
Follow the steps below to create your first web page with Notepad or TextEdit.

7. Step 1: Open Notepad (PC)
Windows 10 or later:
Open the Start Screen (the window symbol at the bottom left on your screen). Type Notepad.
Step 2: Write Some HTML
Write or copy the following HTML code into Notepad:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>
</body>
</html>
Step 3: Save the HTML Page
Save the file on your computer. Select File > Save as in the Notepad menu.
Name the file "index.html" and set the encoding to UTF-8 (which is the preferred encoding for
HTML files).

8. Step 4: View the HTML Page in Your Browser
Open the saved HTML file in your favorite browser (double click on the file, or right-click - and
choose "Open with").
The result will look much like this:
HTML Basic Examples
LESSON 3: HTML Basic Examples
In this chapter we will show some basic HTML examples.
Don't worry if we use tags you have not learned about yet.
HTML Documents
All HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!DOCTYPE html>.
The HTML document itself begins with <html> and ends with </html>.
The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

9. The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration represents the document type, and helps browsers to display web
pages correctly.
It must only appear once, at the top of the page (before any HTML tags).
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration is not case sensitive.
The <!DOCTYPE> declaration for HTML5 is:
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the <h1> to <h6> tags.
<h1> defines the most important heading. <h6> defines the least important heading:

10. HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the <p> tag:
HTML Links
HTML links are defined with the <a> tag:
HTML Images
HTML images are defined with the <img> tag.
The source file (src), alternative text (alt), width, and height are provided as attributes:
HTML Elements
LESSON 3: HTML Elements
An HTML element is defined by a start tag, some content, and an end tag.
The HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
<tagname>Content goes here...</tagname>
Examples of some HTML elements:
<h1>My First Heading</h1>
<p>My first paragraph.</p>

11. Start tag Element content End tag
<h1> My First Heading </h1>
<p> My first paragraph. </p>
<br> none none
Note: Some HTML elements have no content (like the <br> element). These elements are called
empty elements. Empty elements do not have an end tag!
Nested HTML Elements
HTML elements can be nested (this means that elements can contain other elements).
All HTML documents consist of nested HTML elements.
The following example contains four HTML elements (<html>, <body>, <h1> and <p>):
Example Explained
The <html> element is the root element and it defines the whole HTML document.
It has a start tag <html> and an end tag </html>.
Then, inside the <html> element there is a <body> element:

12. The <body> element defines the document's body.
It has a start tag <body> and an end tag </body>.
Then, inside the <body> element there are two other elements: <h1> and <p>:
The <h1> element defines a heading.
It has a start tag <h1> and an end tag </h1>:
The <p> element defines a paragraph.
It has a start tag <p> and an end tag </p>:
Never Skip the End Tag
Some HTML elements will display correctly, even if you forget the end tag:
Output:

13. HTML Attributes
LESSON 4: HTML Attributes
HTML attributes provide additional information about HTML elements.
HTML Attributes
• All HTML elements can have attributes
• Attributes provide additional information about elements
• Attributes are always specified in the start tag
• Attributes usually come in name/value pairs like: name="value"
The href Attribute
The <a> tag defines a hyperlink. The href attribute specifies the URL of the page the link goes to:
Output:
The src Attribute
The <img> tag is used to embed an image in an HTML page. The src attribute specifies the path to
the image to be displayed:
The width and height Attributes
The <img> tag should also contain the width and height attributes, which specifies the width and
height of the image (in pixels):