OpenPOWER Acceleration of HPCC Systems

1. OpenPOWER Acceleration of HPCC Systems 2015 LexisNexis® Risk Solutions HPCC Engineering Summit – Community Day Presenters: JT Kellington & Allan Cantle September 29, 2015 Delray Beach, FL Accelerating the Pace of Innovation

2. Overview/Agenda • The OpenPOWER Story • Porting HPCC Systems to ppc64el • POWER8 at a Glance • Power 8 Data Centric Architectures with FPGA Acceleration • Summary 2

3. The OpenPOWER Story

4. OpenPOWER, a catalyst for Open Innovation 4 • Moore’s law no longer satisfies performance gain • Growing workload demands • Numerous IT consumption models • Mature Open software ecosystem Performance of POWER architecture amplified capability Open Development open software, open hardware Collaboration of thought leaders simultaneous innovation, multiple disciplines The OpenPOWER Foundation is an open development community, using the POWER Architecture to serve the evolving needs of customers. • Rich software ecosystem • Spectrum of power servers • Multiple hardware options • Derivative POWER chips Market Shifts New Open Innovation  145+ members investing on Power architecture  Geographic, sector, and expertise diversity  1,500 ISVs serving Linux on POWER, now with easier porting from x86!  Open from the chip through software  9 workgroups chartered, 15 hardware innovations revealed at March 2015 summit  Partner announced plans, offerings, deployments www.openpowerfoundation.org

5. Porting HPCC Systems to ppc64el

6. HPCC Systems and POWER8 Designed For Easy Porting HPCC Systems Framework • ECL is Platform Agnostic • Hardware and architecture changes transparent to end user • CMake, gcc, binutils, Node.js, etc. • Open Source! • Quick and easy collaboration POWER8 Designed for Open Innovation • Little Endian OS • More compatible with industry • IBM Software Development Kit for Linux on Power • Advance Toolchain • Post-Link Optimization • Linux performance analysis tools • Full support in Ubuntu, RHEL, and SLES 6

7. Porting Details Initial port took less than a week! • Added ARCH defines for PPC64EL (system/include/platform.h) • Added stack description for POWER8 (ecl/hql/hqlstack.hpp) • Added binutils support for powerpc (ecl/hqlcpp/hqlres.cpp) 7 Deployment and testing took a bit longer • Couple of bugs found: • Stricter alignment for atomic operations • New compiler did not allow compare of “this” to NULL • Updates to Init system with latest Ubuntu • Monkey on the keyboard! • Basic setup and running was easy, but harder to go to the “next level” • Storage configuration, memory usage, thread support, etc.

8. POWER8 at a Glance

9. POWER8 Is Designed For Big Data! 9 Technology • 22 nm SOI, eDRAM, 15 ML 650 mm2 Caches • 512 KB SRAM L2 / core • 96 MB eDRAM shared L3 Memory • Up to 230 GB/s sustained bandwidth Bus Interfaces • Durable open memory attach interface • Up to 48x 48x Integrated PCI gen3/socket • SMP interconnect • CAPI Cores • 12 cores (SMT8) • 8 dispatch, 10 issue, 16 execution pipes • 2x internal data flows/queues • Enhanced prefetching • 64 KB data cache, 32 KB instruction cache Accelerators • Crypto and memory expansion • Transactional memory • VMM assist • Data move/VM mobility POWER8 Scale-Out Dual Chip Module Chip Interconnect CoreCoreCore L2L2L2 L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L2L2L2 Core Core Core Chip Interconnect Core Core Core L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank L3 Bank Core Core Core MemoryBus MemoryBus SMPInterconnect SMPInterconnect SMPSMPCAPIPCIe SMPCAPIPCIeSMP

10. POWER8 Introduces CAPI Technology 10 CAPP PCIe POWER8 Processor FPGA Accelerated Functional Unit (AFU) CAPI IBM Supplied POWER Service Layer Typical I/O Model Flow Flow with a Coherent Model Shared Mem. Notify Accelerator Acceleration Shared Memory Completion DD Call Copy or Pin Source Data MMIO Notify Accelerator Acceleration Poll / Int Completion Copy or Unpin Result Data Ret. From DD Completion Advantages of Coherent Attachment Over I/O Attachment  Virtual Addressing & Data Caching (significant latency reduction)  Easier, Natural Programming Model (avoid application restructuring)  Enables Apps Not Possible on I/O (Pointer chasing, shared mem semaphores, …)

11. strategy ( ) CAPI Attached Flash Optimization • Attach IBM FlashSystem to POWER8 via CAPI • Read/write commands issued via APIs from applications to eliminate 97% of code path length • Saves 20-30 cores per 1M IOPS Pin buffers, Translate, Map DMA, Start I/O Application Read/Write Syscall Interrupt, unmap, unpin,Iodone scheduling 20K instructions reduced to <2000 Disk and Adapter DD strategy ( ) iodone ( ) FileSystem Application User Library Posix Async I/O Style API Shared Memory Work Queue aio_read() aio_write() iodone ( ) LVM

12. CAPI Unlocks the Next Level of Performance for Flash Identical hardware with 2 different paths to data FlashSystem Conventional I/O (FC) CAPI 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 Conventional CAPI IOPS per Hardware Thread 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 Conventional CAPI Latency (microseconds) IBM POWER S822L >5x better IOPS per HW thread >2x lower latency

13. POWER 8 Data Centric Architectures with FPGA Acceleration • Allan Cantle – President & Founder, Nallatech

14. Nallatech at a glance Server qualified accelerator cards featuring FPGAs, network I/O and an open architecture software/firmware framework » Energy-efficient High Performance Heterogeneous Computing » Real-time, low latency network and I/O processing » Design Services for Application Porting » IBM Open Power partner » Altera OpenCL partner » Xilinx Alliance partner » 20 Year History of FPGA Acceleration including IBM System Z qualified & 1000+ Node deployments 14

15. Heterogeneous Computing – Motivation • Efficient Evolutional Compute Performance • 1998 - DARPA Polymorphic Computing • 2003 – Power Wall GPGPUProcessors FPGA Processors Multicore Microprocessors Polymorphic Processor A processor that is equally efficient at processing all different data types Polymorphic Application Data Types SymbolicStreaming – SIMD - Vector (DSP) Bit Level SWEPTEfficiency Size,Weight,Energy,Performance,Time

16. Heterogeneous Computing – Motivation • Efficient Evolutional Compute Performance • 1998 - DARPA Polymorphic Computing • 2003 – Power Wall GPGPUProcessors FPGA Processors Multicore Microprocessors Application Data Types SymbolicStreaming – SIMD - Vector (DSP) Bit Level SWEPTEfficiency Size,Weight,Energy,Performance,Time

17. FPGA’s for “Software Accessible” Compute Acceleration • FPGAs are best processor for • “In the pipe” Stream Computing Operations • Highly parallel Bit & Byte level computation • FPGA are NOW programmable by software engineers with OpenCL! • Industry Standard Language managed by Khronos • Heterogeneous language of choice for all processor types • Low Level Explicitly Parallel language • Heterogeneous Support is Evolving 17

18. Typical Thor & Roxie Cluster Node Configurations • Large Thor Scale Out Cluster = 400 Nodes • Large Roxie Scale Out Cluster = 100 Nodes Xeon E5-2670 V3 12 Cores Memory 16GB SAS RAID5 Controller PCIe L3Cache–30MB L2/Core–256KB L1/Core–64KB 1.2TB HDD Network Controller ~60GB/s PCIe 10GbE 200MB/s 1.2TB HDD 1.2TB HDD 140 IOPs 200MB/s 140 IOPs 200MB/s 140 IOPs Thor Xeon E5-2670 V3 12 Cores L3Cache–30MB L2/Core–256KB L1/core–64KB SATA RAID5 Controller 1TB SSD 560MB/s 1TB SSD 1TB SSD 100 KIOPs 560MB/s 100 KIOPs 560MB/s 100 KIOPs Roxie PCIe ~60GB/s ~60GB/s 2x QPI Links Memory 16GB 400MB/s 140 IOPs 1.1 GB/s 100 KIOPs = I/O Bus = Memory Bus

19. Server Node 1 Server Node 400 Server Node 2 Server Node 399 400 Node THOR Cluster Hierarchical 400 Port Network Switch Disc Disc Disc Disc 400MB/s 140 IOPs 400MB/s 140 IOPs 400MB/s 140 IOPs 400MB/s 140 IOPs 1GB/s 1GB/s 1GB/s 1GB/s 1GB/s Server Node 1 Server Node 100 Server Node 2 Server Node 99 100 Node ROXIE Cluster Hierarchical 100 Port Network Switch SSD SSD SSD SSD 1.1GB/s 100 KIOPs 1.1GB/s 100 KIOPs 1.1GB/s 100 KIOPs 1.1GB/s 100 KIOPs 1GB/s 1GB/s 1GB/s 1GB/s 1GB/s • CPU intensive operations on fragmented storage data • Average 1GB/s to storage • Mapper type parallel operations • Aggregate 160GBytes/s Storage bandwidth • Aggregate 56K IOPs • CPU intensive operations on fragmented storage data • Average 1GB/s to storage • Pre-indexed eases limitation • Mapper type parallel operations • Aggregate 110GBytes/s Storage bandwidth • Aggregate 10M IOPs Typical Scale Out Thor & Roxie Cluster Configurations

20. Memory Coherency & Data Movement Conflict • Mapper Type – Needle in a Haystack Operations • Little to no compute on lots of data • But hey, it’s not a problem for the Xeon so why worry? • Creates unnecessary traffic congestion across IO interfaces • I/O Management Consumes CPU Threads • Excessive Cache thrashing consumes memory bandwidth • E.g. only 8x 4K IOPs will fit in a 32K L1 Data Cache • Power & efficiency issues with all the unnecessary data movement 1x Network Controller 1x 10GbE Storage uP L3 L2 L1 Memory 1x 100x Data Movement example of CPU operating on large data files with mapper type functions The burden of using CPU centric architectures for Data Centric Problems = I/O Bus = Memory Bus

21. 1x Network Controller 1x 10GbE Storage uP L3 L2 L1 Memory 1x 100x Example of CPU moving stored data to network for another CPU Memory Coherency & Data Movement Conflict • Processor Intensive Operations on fragmented data across cluster • CPU burdened by passing lots of fragmented data from storage to the network • Similarly CPU has to wait for fragmented data to arrive • Network Congestion & latency become big issues • Less CPU cycles & cache memory available for compute intensive operations The burden of using CPU centric architectures for Data Centric Problems = I/O Bus = Memory Bus

22. Homogeneous Commodity Clusters still win out…right? • Maybe, but storage is getting a LOT faster with NVMe! Potential 72GB/s Network Controller PCIe 10GbE 24 NVMe Drives uP L3 L2 L1 Memory 60GB/s Example of CPU moving stored data to network for another CPU Increased Storage IO Bandwidth would saturate CPU’s available memory bandwidth & CPU centric architecture breaks down completely The burden of using CPU centric architectures for Data Centric Problems = I/O Bus = Memory Bus

23. IBM initiated Data Centric Transformation with CAPI • CAPI = Coherent Accelerator Processor Interface • Transport over PCIe bus • IBM’s CAPI Flash Product • Make Flash memory appear as Block Memory, BM • FPGA provides “translation” BM to Flash commands • CPU threads for storage management reduced from 40-50 down to 2 • CAPI attached Network Adaptor • 3 Symmetrical MultiProcessing, SMP, Interconnects for Scale Up architectures Network Controller PCIe 10GbE 56TB Storage Power 8 L3 L2 L1 Memory 230GB/s SMP x3 FPGA 4GB/s CAPI CAPI 4GB/s IBM Standard Flash Drawer vs CAPI Flash Drawer = I/O Bus = Memory Bus

24. Introducing In-Storage Acceleration over CAPI • Extend CAPI Flash Product Innovations • Increase CAPI Flash Bandwidth • FPGA Acceleration • Leverage NVMe IOPS & Sequential data rates • Data Compression, Encryption, Filtering • Bit/Byte Level Stream Computing • Very power efficient architecture 10GbE Power 8 L3 L2 L1 FPGA Acceleration 4GB/s CAPI CAPI Memory 230GB/s 56TB Storage Network Controller 16GB/s 96GB/s FPGA SMP x3 = Memory Bus

25. P8 Node with CAPI Flash – Available Today P8 12 Core Socket 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 4GB/s 1 MIOPS P8 12 Core Socket 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 4GB/s 76.8GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 4GB/s 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 4GB/s 40/100GbE NIC 40/100GbE NIC 1 MIOPS 1 MIOPS 1 MIOPS Maximum Configuration Shown • Possible Configuration for Scale Out Roxie & Thor Clusters

26. Scale Out P8 Node with FPGA accelerated CAPI Flash P8 12 Core Socket 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 1 MIOPS P8 12 Core Socket 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 76.8GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 40/100GbE NIC 40/100GbE NIC 1 MIOPS 1 MIOPS 1 MIOPS Maximum Configuration Shown 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs • Possible Configuration for Scale Out Roxie & Thor Clusters

27. Scale Up IBM E870/E880 with Scale out FPGA Acceleration P8 Socket 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs P8 Socket 56TB 4GB/s FPGA 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs P8 Socket56TB 4GB/s FPGA 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs P8 Socket56TB 4GB/s FPGA 60GB/s 14.4 MIOPs 76.8GB/s 76.8GB/s 76.8GB/s 76.8GB/s 76.8GB/s 76.8GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s 1TB Memory 230GB/s • Balanced Scale Up & Scale Out Solution • Scale Up Processors ideal for Compute intensive operations • Scale Out FPGA Accelerated Storage, ideal for Parallel Mapper type operations

28. P8 Socket 56TB FPGA P8 Socket 56TB FPGA P8 Socket56TB FPGA P8 Socket56TB FPGA 1TB Memory 1TB Memory 1TB Memory 1TB Memory Scale Up IBM E880 with Scale out FPGA Acceleration • 16 Way, 192 Core, Scale Up Compute with aggregate • 16TB Memory @ 3.68TBytes/s • 896TB Storage @ 960 GBytes/s

29. In Summary: HPCC Systems and OpenPOWER Are Ready For Business! • IBM Power8’s Data Centric Architecture is ideal for Big Data Problems • FPGAs provide an ideal streaming, near storage, accelerator • Opportunity to re-architect HPCC’s ECL for Power 8 with FPGA Acceleration • Will provide a step change in performance at lower power & footprint • A community effort will help to accelerate the transition 29 Contact information: JT Kellington | Allan Cantle Phone: 512-286-6948 | 805 377 4993 Email: jwkellin@us.ibm.com | a.cantle@nallatech.com Web: www.ibm.com | www.nallatech.com

OpenPOWER Acceleration of HPCC Systems

OpenPOWER Acceleration of HPCC Systems

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