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Demodex
1.
2. introduction
The term "demodicosis" originated from the Latin
name of mites belonging to the genus Demodex.
In addition to human parasitic mites Demodex on
human skin and various animals, including pets
(dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs).
Genus Demodex counts, at least 65 species, 10 of
which are considered pathogenic parasites of humans
and domestic animals. However, they are strictly
specific to each type, mites, pet parasites incapable of
parasitism in humans.
5. Biology and ecology of mites
(ticks)
Two mite species, usually separated.
D. follicullorum prefer the hair follicles of eyelashes and
eyebrows, at least - the hair on the head and chest.
D. brevis mainly live in the sebaceous glands of the skin (the
nasolabial folds, the wings of the nose), but can also be found in
other areas of the skin: chest, back, neck - where sebaceous
glands are located.
D. follicullorum number can reach 18 copies in the follicle, and
D. brevis - 3 copies in the sebaceous glands. Often one and the
same patient meets a joint invasion of D. follicullorum and D.
brevis.
Mites feed on the contents epithelial cells of the walls of the
hair follicles and sebaceous glands.
6.
7. Biology and ecology of mites
(ticks)
Demodex follikulorum the most common, found only in
human hair follicles, sebaceous glands, the outside of the
host (human) reproduction of the mite stops.
Mite is viable outside the host if saved with constant
humidity and average temperature in the dark for up to 9
days.
The optimum temperature for development of the mite -
30-40 ° C at 14 ° C mites are in a state of torpor and at 52 °
C is rapidly die. In the water stored insects to 25 days in
dry air are killed 1.5 days. The most favorable breeding
ground for demodex - vegetable oil, grease, petroleum
jelly.
8. The life cycle of the mite
Development cycle of these mites includes five stages of
development:
-egg, - larva, -nymph of the first age (protonymph), -the nymph of
the second age (deutonymph), -mature individuals (male or
female).
The mating of a male and female is carried out in the hair
follicle. Fertilized female moves deep into the follicle and it lays
eggs. The interval between mating and egg-laying is about 12
hours. From the egg larva, which feeds and molts, passing in
protonymphs (nymph 1). This nymph, in turn, feeds, and at the
same time moves at the mouth of the follicle with a current of
sebum, which fades, turning into a nymph of the second age
(deyteronimfa). Deutonymph, reaching the surface of the skin is
able to move from follicle to follicle within 12-36 hours. Then
she gets into the hair follicle and converted there into a female.
Duration of each stage of ticks varies from 36 to 120 hours.
The entire life cycle of the female D. folliculorum is about 15 days.
9.
10. Epidemiology
- Common among people of all races. Person's gender
does not affect the frequency of tick infestation, just
men rarely go to the doctor about ther appearance.
With age, the detection rate increases D. brevis and
D. folliculorum - remains virtually unchanged. In
humans demodicosis often accompanies other skin or
ophthalmic diseases such as rosacea, perioral
dermatitis, blepharitis. However, it should again be
emphasized that demodicosis is associated primarily
with the defeat of the skin of the face.
11. Modes of transmission
Іnfection of humans by mite
occurs mainly by direct contact
between humens. It is believed
that during the daytime mites
are mainly in the follicles, and
the skin surface only come at
night. It follows that the most
probable time of transition from
one host ticks on the other - the
night.
Infection through household
items, as it was shown that the
mites can long enough to
remain viable outside the host.
12. The role of mites Demodex in the
development of skin diseases
Parasite on human these mites can often be
asymptomatic.
Carriers of mites are on average up to 55% of people.
With age, the mite infestation increases and, according to
some authors, the elderly up to 100%.
Because of this, their role in the development of skin
diseases remains a controversial issue, but it has been
proven that an important factor is the number of D.
folliculorum mite more than 5 copies per sq cm/
Number of mites significantly increased in patients with
certain forms of rosacea: apparently genus Demodex mites
are involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases/
15. Clinical features
There are skin and eye manifestations of the disease.
Demodicosis is very similar manifestations with acne, and
its main manifestation is a reddening of the skin, peeling
it, accompanied by itching, which can be both permanent
and appear after applying tonics or wash with cold water,
the occurrence of this background of inflammatory
elements, like acne, that contributes to the appearance of
pustular lesions caused by staphylococcus or
streptococcus.
The eye is manifested clinically itching, swelling and
redness of the eyelid margins, the appearance of scales in
the roots of eyelashes for a long time. Typically, patients
complain of eyestrain. looks like the affected eyelid: a raid
on the edge of the eyelids, matted cilia, surrounded by
crusts.
16. signs of Demodecosis
pimples, acne, rashes, rosacea, abscesses, sores, etc. on the face are likely to be
a manifestation of demodectic mange. In the long process spots found on the
skin of the back, chest and even the hips; red spots on the face; of oily skin,
enlarged pores.
The affected areas are represented wet, greasy, have a characteristic luster.
Usually suffers from the skin on the nose and cheeks, pale or ashy-gray shade
of the face;
In the thick rough skin formed "scar" tissue and a variety of small hard lumps
of calcium, which leads to an unhealthy complexion and uneven skin,
difficulty mimic facial movements; increase in the size of the nose. Sometimes
it is very significant, while the nose begins to resemble a huge blue and red
plum (rhinophyma); itching, slight tickling sensation of crawling.
Sometimes people do not notice tickling and scratching automatically. Itching
worse in the evening and continued overnight. This time - the period of the
most active life ticks usually happens then their mating
itchy scalp hair loss. Premature hair loss can also be associated with the
active work demodex; itching eyelashes. Loss of eyelashes as well, most often,
is a consequence of the activities of DEMODEX mite that lives in the roots of
eyelashes: base of the eyelashes begin to itch, lashes become thinner and
begin to fall;
itching ears.
17.
18.
19. clinical forms
Erythematous form is sometimes called rosacea similar -
similar due to external displays, and is often confused with
this rosacea - a separate disease, a unique form of vascular
neurosis arising under the influence of bacterial and
fungal microflora. Ticks are not the cause of rosacea but
can significantly aggravate its course.
Pustular form is rare. On clinical grounds it may
resemble simple acne, folliculitis, and other forms, but
with the prevalence of pustular rash. Papular form the
most common form. Size papules varies from 0.5 to 2 mm
or more in diameter, color - from pink to intense red.
Mixed form is characterized by the fact that the skin of
the patient are observed all characteristic of this disease
variety of rashes.
20. For some diseases can be
complicated by demodex
It is necessary to distinguish between demodicosis
and diseases, during which exacerbates the presence
of mites. Acne is often combined with other skin
diseases, in particular, with a simple acne (up 30%)
and especially rosacea (95%), also rozatseopodobnym,
seborrheic dermatitis, and oral. People with chronic
eye diseases demodicosis occurs in 60-70% of cases.
The greatest number of ticks observed in
conjunctivitis, episcleritis, keratitis, iridocyclitis,
periorbikulyarnyh dermatitis.
21. treatment
Peeling and antiparasitic treatments -
with liquid nitrogen cryotherapy,
application of an ointment containing a
high concentration of sulfur (5-10%),
hydrochloric acid (6%), sodium
thiosulfate, ointments based on sulfur
tar alcohol powder. Antihistamines - to
exclude the possibility of allergy.
Therapy treatable "Risk Factors" in
violation of alkaline-acid balance, -
strengthening the walls of blood vessels,
Vitamin therapy, absorbents, in some
cases - a course of antibiotics. Light diet
without fat, fried, spicy, salty. Overall
desinsection! Boil the linen clean things!
You can not go to the bath, sunbathing -
and also in the solarium, use decorative
cosmetics. And no cosmetic procedures
- not to disrupt the treatment regimen.
