Dictionary of affixes: Learn word roots and origins

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This dictionary contains more than 1,250 entries, illustrated by some 10,000 examples, all
defined and explained.
It is based on Michael Quinion’s book Ologies and Isms: Word Beginnings and Endings,
published by Oxford University Press in 2002. This work is now out of print and has been
edited and presented here as a free service. The plan is to add more entries and examples as
time permits as well as improving the thematic index.
These pages contain examples of all four of the types of affixes that appear in English:
prefixes, suffixes, combining forms and infixes. For more, see the page about Types of affix.
For more about the site, see the Introduction. For more about the author, see the page About
the author.
Visit Michael Quinion’s World Wide Words site for 2000+ articles on English!
Copyright © Michael Quinion 2008–. All rights reserved. Your comments are very welcome.
Introduction
This introduction is a revised version of the one in the book from which this site is drawn,
Ologies and Isms: Word Beginnings and Endings, published by Oxford University Press in
2002.
This site is about some of the building blocks of the English language, those beginnings and
endings that help form a large proportion of the words we use. Not all word-forming roots are
here. If they were, the site would be ten times as big and vastly less digestible. What you will
find are those examples that are identifiable as affixes, knowledge of which can then be
generalized to help identify unknown words of the same kind, or even perhaps to create new
ones.
It was in the summer of 1995, while my former business partner and I were studying the
displays in a medical museum in order to advise how to improve them, that he remarked that
one of the things needed to enhance visitors' enjoyment would be an explanation of the
mysteries of medical terminology: the difference, say, between an -itis and an -algia, or
between words starting in haemo- and hepato-. That conversation stayed with me. Increased
exposure to the complexities of technical language, and to the diversification of knowledge

that has led to sub-disciplines such as palaeophytogeography and
psychoneuroendocroimmunology, whose names pile element upon element, reinforced a
belief that a concise work was needed that interpreted the main word-forming affixes in
English.
The entries on this site cover most of those active in the language today, as well as others that
have contributed to the language in the past; only the most specialist, obscure or archaic have
been left out. However, place-name affixes (-burgh, -ham, -thwaite, -wick) have been
excluded. Personal name affixes such as Fitz-, Mac-, and -son have also been omitted.
The aim throughout has been to provide many examples, on the principle that it is easier to
absorb the subtleties of the way such forms are used when they are seen in action. A second
aim has been to show links between words, both grammatically and thematically; where
possible I have tried to give some background and explain how words have come to mean
what they do. So far as possible, technical language has been avoided or explained. But
finding a short way to explain the complexities of medical or scientific terminology is not
always achievable without using other words that are equally specialist and obscure. A
dictionary writer may do so in the comforting knowledge that the reader is already holding the
key in his hand. This site doesn't have that advantage; if technical terms send you to the
dictionary too often, I apologize, but the alternative would be too wordy to endure. For the
same reason, though explanations of the meanings of many technical words are supplied for
guidance, they should not be taken as definitive; a large dictionary or specialist work should
be consulted in doubtful or subtle cases.
I have deliberately avoided most linguistic or grammatical language. But a few terms are
relatively common, and hard to avoid without circumlocution, loquacity, or confusion, so it
seemed best to take a deep breath and put them in. Any good dictionary will help with those
that may not be obvious. You may like to see a discussion of the formal terms for types of
affix.
It is a truism that all lexicography is plagiarism, since every new work builds on what has
gone before. In particular, I acknowledge my debt to the Oxford Dictionary of English, whose
presentation of the language on the most modern principles has been most helpful, and to the
Oxford English Dictionary, whose scholarship is unrivalled in the English language. But
many dozens of specialist works have also been trawled, as has the World Wide Web, a
resource that might have been invented to help hard-pressed word-searchers.
My thanks go to my editors at Oxford University Press, Elizabeth Knowles and Alysoun
Owen, and to Dr Terry Hoad for his help in sorting out many points of detail, in the process
greatly improving my Latin and Greek.
About the author
This dictionary has been compiled and edited by Michael Quinion.
After Cambridge University, where he studied physical sciences, he joined BBC radio as a
studio manager. “The job was a fascinating blend of techie and creative artist,” he says.
“Though at times you were dogsbody, equipment operator and referee rolled into one”. After
that, he helped to start local radio in Britain, at BBC Radio Brighton, where he produced
programmes about the countryside, books, consumer affairs, religion, student life and the

local and general elections. He then moved to Plymouth, where he helped to start a breakfast-
time two-hour sequence of news and local features.
A chance encounter with the warden of a local visitor attraction led him to make a slide-tape
programme for its visitors. “I didn’t know this was new; it just seemed interesting. It was only
when people began to come from all over Britain to see it, and then ask me if I could make
one for them, that I realised.” For four years he ran his own business making interpretive
audio-visual programmes for most national agencies in Britain and many visitor attractions.
Another chance encounter led him to his next post as curator of the Cider Museum in
Hereford. He planned and developed this museum from an idea in the trustees’ minds to its
opening, running research and conservation projects and raising funds by the then new way in
modern Britain of a public scratchcard lottery. “One woman in a group I was lecturing to said
it was bad enough to be creating a visitor attraction about alcoholic drink, without using
gambling to pay for it!” He wrote two books about orcharding and cidermaking, one just
called Cidermaking from Shire Publications, the other A Drink for its Time, published by the
Museum.
After that he returned to working for himself, writing scripts for exhibitions, taking on a
freelance curatorial role, creating audio-visual programmes, and became more closely
involved with planning visitor attractions. In 1986, with an old friend, Michael Glen, he
formed Touchstone Associates, a consultancy business that undertook feasibility studies,
tourism planning, visitor facility planning, and the development of visitor attractions.
These days, Michael concentrates on World Wide Words and on providing citations and
advice for the Oxford English Dictionary. He also wrote a third of the entries for the second
edition of the Oxford Dictionary of New Words and for a while compiled a weekly New
Words column in the Daily Telegraph. Following Ologies and Isms, his next book, Port Out,
Starboard Home: And Other Language Myths, was published in the UK by Penguin Books in
2004, was serialised in the Daily Telegraph and reached the British best-seller lists; a US
edition, entitled Ballyhoo, Buckaroo, and Spuds, has been published by the Smithsonian
Institution Press and is now in paperback by HarperCollins. In October 2006, Gallimaufry,
about words that are vanishing from the language, was published by the Oxford University
Press and has now come out in paperback. His most recent book, Why is Q Always Followed
by U?, a collection of some 200 questions and answers from the Q&A section of World Wide
Words, came out worldwide in July 2009 from Particular Books, an imprint of Penguin
Books.
Types of affix
A prefix is an element placed at the beginning of a word to adjust or qualify its meaning, for
example de-, non-, and re-.
A suffix is an element placed at the end of a word to form a derivative, such as -ation, -fy,
-ing, frequently one that converts the stem into another part of speech.
A combining form can be either a prefix or a suffix; the difference is that the combining form
adds a layer of extra meaning to the word. For example, bio- adds the idea of life or living
things to words, as in biochemistry, the study of the chemical processes which occur within
living organisms; -cide adds the idea of killing or a killing agent, as in pesticide. Compare

these examples with a prefix such as ex- or a suffix such as -ic, neither of which add meaning,
but only modify an existing meaning.
Combining forms only appear as elements in a compound. If it can stand alone as a word it is
not a combining form. For example, carbo- only appears in compounds to indicate carbon, but
there are many related words that begin with carbon-; these are considered to be compound
words and carbon- is not listed on this site as a combining form. Having said that, in some
cases a combining form has at some point in its life taken on the status of a free-standing
word (cyber- is an example), but if its primary function is as a combining form, it appears in
its place in the text.
To be a combining form an element must be found attached to stems that also have intrinsic
meaning; this excludes stems whose only compounds are grammatical variations, such as
intense (intensive, intensively, intensiveness).
An infix is placed within a word; these are rare in English, though cupful can be made plural
as cupsful by inserting the plural s as an infix; infixes sometimes occur in facetious creations
like absobloodylutely (which some grammarians would rather describe as tmesis). Infixes
often appear as linking vowels between prefixes and stems, for example the final letters of
narco- and calci-. They are also found between a stem ending in a consonant and a suffix
beginning with one, as with -ferous, which frequently appears as -iferous, or -logy, which is
commonly seen as -ology. The only examples of such linking vowel infixes here are -i- and
-o-.
No formal identification is made in the text of the class of affix to which entries belong. The
position of the hyphen is sufficient indication whether it is placed at the beginning, in the
middle or at the end of a word: neo-, -i-, -graphy.
Many prefixes that end in a vowel can lose that vowel when attached to a stem that begins in
one, as for example phlebo- loses its final letter in phlebitis. Such cases are marked by
enclosing the final letter of the headword in parentheses: phleb(o)-.
The term productive has a special sense throughout the site: it refers to an affix which is
active in the language and which is being used by writers today to create new words.
Thematic indexes
Trying to classify affixes is like organising all human knowledge. Any attempt will fall short
of perfection, perhaps even adequacy. But these headings between them cover the majority of
entries and are included in the hope that you will find them useful.
Biochemistry
Relating to the chemical and physico-chemical processes which occur
within living organisms. See also Human body, Medicine and surgery.
Biological classes
The classification of living things into groups such as genus and family.
See also Living world.
Chemical
elements
The building blocks of matter. See also Substances.
Chemical radicals
Referring to groups of atoms that behave as a unit in a number of
chemical compounds.
Colours A surprisingly small group of terms for hues, both physical and organic.

Culture & society
A spectrum of words relating to the actions and activities of people in
groups. See also Religion and spirit.
Diminutives
Implying smallness, either actual or imputed. See also Grammatical
affixes.
Direction &
movement
Physical movement or position is implied; for movement in time, see
Time.
Gender
Indicating various qualities of maleness or femaleness or forming nouns
with one of those qualities.
Grammatical
affixes
Those prefixes and suffixes that change the part of speech or function of a
word without significantly amending its meaning. See also Negatives and
Diminutives .
Human body
A wide range of terms for organs and bodily processes. See also
Medicine and surgery
Knowledge
As a subject of study, a skill in a subject of study, or a compendium of
knowledge.
Language &
writing
Linguistics, varieties of language, or communication.
Living world
A broad category relating to both plants and animals. See also Biological
classes
Medicine &
surgery
Diseases, conditions, injuries, infections, and medical techniques. See
also Biochemistry, Human body
Miscellaneous A catch-all class.
Negatives Grammatical prefixes indicating negation. See also Grammatical affixes.
Numbers &
multiples
Including the standard SI multiples as well as those indicating both
fractions and multiples, as well as numbers.
Physical world
A broad collection of terms from earth science, astronomy, mineralogy
and physics.
Places & peoples Terms for geographical, cultural and religious groupings of peoples.
Position
Includes some affixes indicating size as well as relative position and
qualities relating to position. See also Direction & movement.
Proportions Affixes indicating qualities such as inequality, division, and relative size.
Qualities
Intangible characteristics ranging from beauty to newness, from
correctness to speed. See also Sensations
Religion & spirit Worship, existence, and holiness.
Sensations
Physical sensations experienced by the body, such as pain, vision, heat or
pressure. See also Qualities
Shapes
This group includes affixes meaning crested, bent, circular, spiral or
wheel-like.
Substances
A broad category that includes items like wood and silk as well as some
foodstuffs such as milk or wine. See also Chemical elements, Chemical
radicals
Technology Items here range from farming to computing and electronics to turbines.
Time Both relationships in time and periods of time.
Index of letter A

a-2 Towards, of, in, into or at; marking some ongoing process or state; movement
onwards or away.
-a1
Forming singular words of various types.
-a2
The plural of certain nouns of Latin or Greek origin.
-a3
Informal terms in spoken English.
ab- Off, away, or from.
abdomin(o)- The abdomen.
-able Able to be.
abs- See ab-
-ac Forming adjectives and nouns.
ac- See ad-
-acal See -ac
acanth(o)- Spiny or thorny.
acar(o)- A mite or tick.
-acea Groups of animals.
-aceae Families of seed-bearing plants.
-acean See -acea
-aceous Forming adjectives.
acet(o)- Acetic acid or the acetyl group.
acid(o)- Acid; sharp or sour.
-acious Inclined to, given to, or having as a capacity.
acoust(o)- Sound or hearing.
acr(o)- A tip, height, or extremity.
acryl(o)- Acrylic.
actin(o)- A ray or beam.
-acusis A condition of the hearing.
-acy See -cy
ad-
Motion or direction to; reduction or change into; addition, increase, or
intensification.
-ad1
Collective numerals; nymphs.
-ad2
Indicating a direction towards some part of the body.
-ade Denoting an action, its result, or something associated with it.
aden(o)- A gland.
adip(o)- Fat or fatty tissues.
-ado Forming a variety of words based on Portuguese, Spanish, or Italian originals.
adren(o)- The adrenal glands.
-ae Forming plurals.
-aemia A substance present in the blood, especially in excess.
aer(o)- Air or another gas; the atmosphere; aircraft.
af- See ad-
afore- Before or previously.
Afro- Africa; African and …
ag- See ad-
-age Forming nouns.
-agogue Leading or promoting.

-agra Pain in some part of the body.
agro- Farming; cultivation.
-aholic A person excessively fond of something.
-aire A person characterized by or linked to the idea in the stem.
-akusis See -acusis
al- See ad-
-al1
Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-al2
An aldehyde.
alb- White or bright.
aldo- An aldehyde.
-ales Orders of plants.
-algia Pain, usually in a specified part of the body.
algo- Pain.
-alia A collection or group.
-ality See -ity
all(o)- Other; different.
alumin(o)- Aluminium.
-ama See -orama
ambi- On both sides; around.
amid(o)- The CONH2- group in chemical compounds.
amino- The amine group, NH2—.
amnio- The amnion.
amph(i)- Variously two, both, on both sides, or around.
amyl(o)- Starch.
-an See -ian
an- See a-1
, ad-, and ana-
-ana Things associated with a person, place, or field of interest.
an(a)- Variously up, back, or again.
-ance A state or quality; a process or action.
anchylo- See ankylo-
-and A person or thing to be treated in a specified way.
andr(o)- Male or maleness.
-androus Maleness.
-ane1
Saturated straight-chain (aliphatic) hydrocarbons.
-ane2
Forming adjectives.
anem(o)- The wind.
-aneous See -ous
angi(o)- Blood or seed vessels.
-angium A container.
Anglo- English or British; English or British and …
anis(o)- Unequal, asymmetrical, dissimilar.
ankylo- Bent or crooked; stiff or fixed.
-ant Forming adjectives and nouns.
ante- Before or preceding.
antero- Nearer the front of the body; forward in time.

anth(o)- A flower or flowers.
anthrac(o)- Coal or carbon; a carbuncle.
anthrop(o)- Human, or of a human being.
-anthropy Human, or humankind.
ant(i)-
Acting against, resisting, or opposing something; the opposite or reverse of
something.
ap- See ad-
apic(o)- A point or apex.
apo- Away from; separate from.
après- A period following some activity.
aqua- Water.
ar- See ad-
-ar1
Forming adjectives.
-ar2
Forming nouns.
arachn(o)- A spider or spiders.
-arama See -orama
arbor(i)- A tree or trees.
-arch See -archy
arch- Chief; principal; pre-eminent of its kind.
archaeo- Ancient or prehistoric times.
arche- See arch-
-archy Government; rule of a particular type; a chief or ruler.
-ard Forming nouns.
areo- The planet Mars.
argent(o)- Silver.
-arian Forming adjectives and corresponding nouns.
-arious Connected with; pertaining to.
-arium A place or container connected with, or employed for, some purpose.
-aroo See -eroo
arsen(o)- Arsenic.
-art See -ard
arteri(o)- An artery.
arthr(o)- A joint.
-ary1
Forming nouns.
-ary2
Forming adjectives.
as- See ad-
asc(o)- A bag or sac.
-ase An enzyme.
-asis A disease or other medical condition.
-ast A person connected with a pursuit or activity.
-aster Inferior; a poor imitation.
astr(o)- A star or other celestial body; outer space; star-shaped.
at- See ad-
-ata See -a2
-atable See -ate3

-ate1
Forming nouns.
-ate2
Forming adjectives.
-ate3
Forming verbs.
-ateria See -teria
ather(o)- An atheroma.
-athon An event long in duration, usually for fund-raising purposes.
-ati Groups of people.
-atic Forming adjectives, and some nouns.
-atile Possibility, potential, or ability.
-ation An action, or an instance of an action.
-ative Characteristic or predisposed.
-ator See -or1
-atory See -ory1
and -ory2
atto- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-18
.
audi(o)- Hearing or sound.
aur(i)- Gold.
Austro-1
Austria; Austria and …
Austr(o)-2
Australia; Australia and …; southern.
aut(o)-1
Self; oneself; by itself.
auto-2
An automobile or motor vehicle.
aux(o)- Growth or increase.
avi- A bird or birds; flight.
axo- An axis.
az(o)- Nitrogen; the chemical radical -N=N-.
-azole See -ole1
Index of letter B
bacill- A bacillus.
-bacter A genus of bacteria.
bacteri(o)- Bacteria.
baro- Pressure.
basi- A base or basis.
basidio- A basidium.
bathy- Depth.
be- Forming verbs and adjectives.
bene- Good; well.
benz(o)- Benzene.
bi- Two; having two; doubly.
biblio- A book or books.
bili- Bile.
-bility See -able
bin- See bi-
bio- Life; living things.
-biosis A mode of life.

bis- See bi-
-blast An immature or embryonic cell.
blasto- Germination.
-ble See -able
blephar(o)- The eyelid.
bor(o)- Boron.
-bot Automatic or autonomous device or software program.
botry(o)- A bunch of grapes.
brachi(o)- An arm.
brachy- Shortness.
brady- Slowness.
branchio- Gills.
Brit- British.
brom(o)- Bromine.
bronch(o)- The bronchi.
bryo- Moss.
bucco- The cheek.
but- Four-carbon chains of atoms.
by- Subordinate; incidental; secondary.
Index of letter C
cac(o)- Unpleasant, bad, or incorrect.
-cade A procession or show.
calc(i)- Lime or calcium.
calli- Beautiful.
carb(o)- Carbon.
carboxy- The carboxyl group.
carcino- Cancer.
-cardial See -cardium
cardi(o)- The heart.
-cardium Tissue related to the heart.
-carp A fruit or fruiting body.
caryo- See karyo-
cat(a)- Movement downwards; figuratively, wrong or inferior.
-cele A tumour, swelling, or hernia.
celo- See coelo-
-cene A division of geological time.
-centesis A puncture or perforation of a body cavity.
centi- One hundredth; a multiple of a hundred.
centr(i)- A centre.
-centric Having a specified centre.
centro- See centri-
-cephalic The head.
cephal(o)- The head.

-cephalous See -cephalic
cerato- See kerato-
cerebr(o)- The brain.
cervic(o)- The cervix; the neck.
cet(o)- A whale.
-chaete A bristle or seta.
chaet(o)- Hair.
chalc(o)- Copper.
cheil(o)- A lip.
cheiro- See chiro-
chel(i)- A claw.
chem(o)- Chemistry; chemical compounds; chemical reactions.
-chete SEE -chaete
chili- A thousand.
chilo- SEE cheilo-
chiro- A hand.
chlor(o)- The colour green.
choan(o)- A funnel.
chol(e)- Bile or gall.
chondr(o)- A cartilage; a grain.
chori(o)- The chorion or choroid.
Christo- Christ.
-chroic Having colour of a given type.
chromato- See chromo-
-chrome Colour.
chrom(o)- Colour; chromium.
-chronic Time.
chron(o)- Time.
-chrony See -chronic
chrys(o)- Gold; gold-coloured.
-cide A person or substance that kills; an act of killing.
cine- The cinema; film.
-cion SEE -ion
circum- Around or about.
cirr(o)- A tuft, curl, or tendril.
cis- On this side of; on the side nearer the speaker.
clad(o)- A branch or branching.
-clase Minerals showing characteristic cleavage.
-cle See -cule
-clinic Oblique, reclining, at an angle.
clino- Inclined; monoclinic.
co- See com-
cocci- A small spherical body.
-coccus A spherical bacterium.
-coel A body cavity.

coel(o)- A cavity.
col- See com-
col(o)- The colon.
-colous Living in or preferring a given environment.
colpo- The vagina.
com- Joint; mutual.
contra- Against, contrary.
copro- Dung or faeces.
cor- See com-
-core A musical genre.
cosmo- The world; the universe.
cost(o)- A rib or ribs.
counter- Opposition, retaliation, or rivalry.
-cracy Government, rule, or influence.
crani(o)- The cranium.
cross-
Movement or position across something; transverse; interaction; cross-shaped;
marked with a cross.
cryo- Involving or producing cold.
crypt(o)- Concealed or secret.
cryso- See chryso-
crystall(o)- A crystal or crystals.
cten(o)- A comb.
-cule Forming nouns.
-culture Cultivation or husbandry.
-culus See -cule
cupr(o)- Copper.
-cy An abstract state, condition, or quality; a rank or status.
cyan(o)- The colour blue, especially dark blue; cyanide or a derivative.
cyber- Computer-mediated electronic communications.
cyclo- A circle, circular movement, or regular repetition.
cyno- A dog.
cyst(o)- The urinary bladder.
-cyte A cell.
cyto- A cell.
Index of letter D
D- See dextro-
dacryo- Tears.
-dactyl See -dactyly
dactyl(o)- Fingers or toes.
-dactyly Having fingers or toes of a given type.
de- Forming verbs and their derivatives.
dec(a)- Ten.
decem- Ten.

deci- One tenth.
-decker Having a specified number of decks or layers.
dehydro- Loss of hydrogen.
-delic Of attitudes or activities relating to a given type of experience.
demi- Half; partially.
demo- The people.
demon(o)- Demons.
dendro- A tree or trees.
-dendron A shrub or tree.
dent(i)- A tooth; tooth-like.
deoxy- Loss of oxygen.
-derm Skin; covering.
-derma A disorder of the skin.
dermat(o)- The skin.
desm(o)- A bond or chain.
deuter(o)- Second; secondary.
dextr(o)- On or to the right.
di- Twice, two, double.
di(a)- Through, across.
diazo- See di- and azo-
dichloro- See di- and chloro-
dich(o)- In two parts; paired.
dictyo- A net.
dif- See dis-
digit(i)- A finger.
dihydro- See di- and hydr(o)-1
dihydroxy- See di- and hydroxy-
dino- Terrible, frightful; dinosaur.
-dioic See di- and -oic
-dione See di- and -one
diplo- Double.
dis- Expressing a variety of negative senses.
disco- A disc; disc-shaped.
dithio- See di- and thio-
docu- A documentary programme.
dodec(a)- Twelve.
dolicho- Long.
-dom Forming abstract or collective nouns.
-dont See -odont
dors(i)- The back.
-dox An opinion or view.
-drome Running or racing; proceeding in a given way.
drom(o)- Movement; speed.
du(o)- Two; having two.
duodeci- Twelve; twelfth.

duoden(o)- Duodenum.
dynam(o)- Power.
-dynia See -odynia
dys- Bad; difficult.
Index of letter E
e-1
Electronic communications.
e-2
See ex-1
-ean Forming adjectives and some nouns.
ec- See ex-2
echin(o)- Spiny.
eco- Ecology; the natural environment.
ecto- Outer; external; on the outside.
-ectomy Surgical removal of all or part of a specified organ.
-ed1
Having; possessing; affected by; characteristic of.
-ed2
Forming the past tense and past participles of regular (weak) verbs.
-ee Forming nouns from verbs.
-een Forming diminutive nouns.
-eer Forming nouns and verbs.
ef- See ex-1
eicos- See icos-
eigen- Proper; characteristic.
-ein See -ine3
eka- Unknown elements.
-el See -le1
elast(o)- Elastic.
electr(o)- Relating to, caused by, or connected with electricity.
-ella Genera of bacteria and algae.
-elle Forming nouns.
-ellum Forming nouns.
em- See en-1
and en-2
embryo- An embryo.
-eme Linguistic units that are in systemic contrast with one other.
-emia See -aemia
-emic See -eme or -aemia
en-1
Forming verbs.
en-2
Within; inside.
-en1
Forming verbs from nouns and adjectives.
-en2
Forming adjectives from nouns.
-en3
Forming past participles of strong verbs.
-en4
Forming noun plurals.
-en5
Forming diminutives of nouns.
enantio- Opposite, opposing.
-ence See -ance

encephalo- The brain.
-enchyma Cellular tissue.
-ency See -cy and -ance
-end Forming nouns.
end(o)- Internal; within.
-endum See -end
-ene1
Hydrocarbons.
-ene2
An inhabitant.
-enne Nouns denoting females.
ennea- Nine.
-ennium A period of years.
eno- See oeno-
-ent See -ant
ent- See ento-
enter(o)- The intestine.
ent(o)- Within; inside.
entom(o)- An insect or insects.
eo- Early, primeval.
-eous See -ous
ep(i)- Upon; above; in addition.
equi- Equal; equally.
-er1
Forming nouns.
-er2
Forming the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs.
-er3
Colloquial or humorous nouns and adjectives.
-er4
Forming verbs.
-erati See -ati
-erel See -rel
-ergic Involving, releasing, or mimicking a specified substance as a neurotransmitter.
ergo- Work; energy.
-erie See -ery
-eroo An informal and often humorous intensifier of nouns.
erot(o)- Sexual desire or excitement.
-ers See -er3
-ery Forming nouns.
erythro- Redness.
-es See -s1
-esce Forming verbs, often denoting the initiation of an action.
-ese Forming adjectives and nouns.
-esis Nouns of action or process.
esophago- See oesophago-
-esque In the style of; resembling.
-ess Forming nouns denoting the female gender.
-est1
Forming the superlatives of some adjectives and adverbs.
-est2
Forming the second person singular of verbs.
-et Forming nouns, originally diminutives.

-eteria See -teria
eth- A two-carbon chain of atoms.
-eth1
See -th1
-eth2
Forming the third person singular of the present tense of verbs.
ethno- A nation, people, or culture.
ethox(y)- The ethoxyl radical.
-etic Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-etidine See -idine
-ette Forming nouns.
eu- Well; easily.
Eur(o)-
European; Europe or European plus another country; Europe; the European
Union.
eury- A wide variety or range of something.
ex-1
Out; upward; thoroughly; removal or release; former.
ex-2
Out
exa- In units of measurement, a factor of 1018
.
exbi- see the entry Words for multiples.
exo- External; from outside.
extra- Outside; beyond.
extro- Outwards.
-ey See -y1
Index of letter F
-facient Producing a specified action or state.
faci(o)- The face.
-faction Nouns of action or associated state.
falc- Sickle-shaped.
fasci(o)- A bundle.
-fashion In some specified manner.
febr(i)- Fever.
femor(o)- The thigh or thigh bone.
femto- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-15
.
-fer Bearing or carrying.
-fera Animal orders or phyla.
-ferous Having, bearing or containing something.
ferri- See ferro-
ferr(o)- Iron.
-fest A festival, gathering, or activity.
feto- The fetus.
fibrino- Fibrin.
fibr(o)- Fibres.
-fic Forming adjectives of action.
-fication Nouns of action.
-fid Divided in a specified way or into a specified number of parts.

Finno- Finland, the Finns or the Finnic languages.
-flation Economic inflation, especially in a particular field.
-flationary See -flation
flav(o)- Yellow or yellow-tinted.
-flop Measures of computing speed.
flor(i)- A flower or flowers.
-florous Having flowers of a certain type.
fluor(o)- Fluorine; fluorescence.
fluvi(o)- River.
foeto- SEE feto-
-fold
A number of parts or facets; multiplied by such a number; relating to folding or
to a folded object.
for- Forming verbs and adjectives.
fore- Before, beforehand, going before, in front of, leading.
-form Having a specified form or number of forms.
-formes Orders of animals.
Franco- France or French.
franken- Genetically modified.
-free Free of or from something indicated by the first element.
fronto- The forehead or front part of something.
fruct(i)- Fruit; fructose.
-fuge An agent that dispels, drives away or eliminates something.
-ful Full of; having given qualities.
fung(i)- Fungus.
-fy Make or produce; transform into; become.
Index of letter G
galact(o)- Milk; galactose.
Gallo- France or French; French and …
galvan(o)- Electric current.
gam(o)- Marriage or union, fertilization or reproduction.
-gamy Marriage, fertilization or reproduction.
ganglio- Ganglion.
gastr(o)- The stomach; feeding.
-gate A scandal, especially a political one.
-gen Generation or creation.
geo- The Earth.
Germano- German or Germany.
geront(o)- Old age or old people.
-gerous Bearing some specified thing.
-geusia The sense of taste.
gibi- see the entry Words for multiples.
giga-
In units of measurement, a factor of one thousand million or 109
. In computing,
often a factor of 230
(1,073,741,824).

hagi(o)- Saints or holiness.
hal(o)- Halogens; salinity or salt.
haplo- Single or simple.
hapt(o)- Binding or fastening; touching.
-head The head, in various senses, often figurative.
hect(o)- One hundred.
-hedron A geometrical solid with a specified number of plane faces.
hekto- See hecto-
heli- Helicopter.
helic(o)- Spiral; screw.
helio- The Sun.
hema- See haemo-
hemi- Half; a part.
-hemia See -aemia
hemo- See haemo-
hendeca- Eleven.
hepat(o)- The liver.
hepta- Seven.
hernio- Hernia.
hetero- Different or other.
hex(a)- Six.
Hibern(o)- Irish; Irish and …
hidro- Sweat.
hier(o)- Sacred or holy.
hind- At the back; posterior.
hipp(o)- Horse.
Hispan(o)- Spanish; Spanish and …
hist(o)- Organic tissue.
-holic See -aholic
hol(o)- Whole or complete.
homeo- Similar.
homo-1
The same.
hom(o)-2
Man; human being.
-hood A group of people; a condition or quality.
hyal(o)- Glassy or transparent.
hydr(o)-1
Water.
hydr(o)-2
Hydrogen
hydroxy- Hydroxyl; hydroxide.
hygr(o)- Moisture or humidity.
hylo- Woodlands or wood; matter.
hymen(o)- A membrane; the hymen.
hyper- Excessive; above normal.
hypn(o)- Sleep; hypnosis.
hypo- Under; below normal; slightly.
hypso- Height; elevation.

hyster(o)- Uterus.
Index of letter I
-i- A connecting vowel.
-i1
Forming plurals.
-i2
Adjectives and nouns relating to countries.
-ia Forming nouns.
-iac See -ac
-ial See -al1
-ian Forming adjectives and nouns.
-iana See -ana
-iasis See -asis
-iast See -ast
-iatric Medical practice or treatment.
iatro- A physician or medical treatment.
-iatry See -iatric
Ibero- Iberian; Iberian and …
-ibility See -able
-ic Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-ice Forming nouns.
ichthyo- Fish; fishlike.
-ician Nouns denoting occupations.
-ick See -ic
-icle See -cule
icono- An image or likeness.
icos- Twenty.
-ics A subject of study or branch of knowledge.
-id1
Forming adjectives.
-id2
Forming nouns.
-ida Taxonomic groups.
-idae Taxonomic groups.
ideo- Idea.
-ides Plant and animal genera.
-idine Organic ring compounds containing nitrogen.
idio- Personal; own.
-idium A structure in a plant or animal.
-ie See -y2
-ienne See -enne
-ier A person engaged in an occupation or activity.
-ifera See -fera
-iferous See -ferous
-ific See -fic
-ification See -fication
-iform See -form

-iformes See -formes
-ify See -fy
-igerous See -gerous
il- See in-1
and in-2
-ile Forming adjectives and some nouns.
ile(o)- The ileum.
ili(o)- The ilium.
-ility See -ile
-ily See -ly
-im A plural ending of words from Hebrew.
im- See in-1
and in-2
-imeter See -meter
imid(o)- Various amine derivatives.
immuno- Immune or immunity.
in-1
Not; without.
in-2
In, into.
-in1
See -ine3
-in2
A gathering of people having a common purpose, typically as a form of protest.
-ina Forming nouns.
-inae Animal subfamilies.
indi- See indo-2
Indo-1
India; India and …
ind(o)-2
A chemical substance related to indigo or an indole.
-ine1
Forming adjectives.
-ine2
Forming feminine nouns.
-ine3
Forming nouns.
-iness See -ness
infra- Below, underneath, beneath.
-ing1
Forming nouns derived from verbs.
-ing2
Forming the present participle of verbs, and adjectives from nouns.
-ing3
Forming nouns.
-ino Forming diminutives.
ino- Fibrous tissue or muscle.
inter- Between or among; mutually or reciprocally.
intra- On the inside; within.
intro- Into; inwards.
iod(o)- Iodine.
-ion Forming nouns denoting verbal action.
-ior Forming adjectives of comparison.
-ious See -ous
-ique See -ic
ir- See in-1
and in-2
-iridine See -idine
irid(o)- The rainbow; the iris.
is- See iso-

-isation See -ize
ischio- The ischium.
-ise1
See -ize
-ise2
Forming nouns.
-ish1
Forming adjectives.
-ish2
Forming verbs.
-ism Forming nouns.
iso- Equal; isomeric.
-ison Forming nouns.
-ist Forming personal nouns and some related adjectives.
-ista A supporter of a person or organization.
-it See -ite2
Italo- Italian; Italian and ….
-ite1
Forming nouns.
-ite2
Forming adjectives, nouns, and verbs.
-itic Forming adjectives and nouns.
-ition Forming nouns.
-itious Forming adjectives.
-itis Inflammatory disease.
-itive Forming adjectives.
-itol Polyhydric alcohols.
-ity A quality or condition.
-ium Forming nouns; chemical elements.
-ive Showing a quality or tendency.
-ivore See -vore
-ize Forming verbs.
Index of letters JK
jejun(o)- The jejunum.
Judaeo- Jewish; Jewish and …
juxta- Near to.
karyo- The nucleus of a cell.
kata- See cata-
kerat(o)- Horny tissue; the cornea.
ket(o)- Ketone.
kibi- see the entry Words for multiples.
kilo- In units of measurement, a factor of a thousand.
-kin Forming diminutive nouns.
kinesio- Movement.
-kinesis Movement.
kineto- See kinesio-
-kinin A hormone.
klepto- Thieving.
klino- See clino-

kypho- Humped.
Index of letter L
L- See laevo-
labi(o)- The lips.
lact(o)- Milk; lactic acid or lactose.
laevo- On or to the left.
-lagnia Morbid sexual arousal.
-lalia A speech condition or disorder.
lamelli- A thin scale, plate, or layer.
lamin(o)- A thin layer.
lapar(o)- The abdominal wall.
laryng(o)- The larynx.
latero- Lateral; to one side.
-latry Worship of a specified thing.
-le1
Forming nouns.
-le2
Apt to; liable to.
-le3
Forming verbs.
-lecithal Having an egg yolk of a given kind.
lecith(o)- Egg yolk.
-lect A variety within a language.
leio- Smooth.
-lent Full of; characterized by.
lepid(o)- Scales.
-lepsis A figure of speech.
-lepsy A seizure.
lept(o)- Small; narrow.
-less Without; unaffected by; failure or inability.
-let A thing of a smaller or lesser kind.
leuc(o)- White; whiteness.
levo- See laevo-
ligno- Wood.
limn(o)- Fresh water.
-ling Forming nouns, often with diminutive or depreciatory implications.
lip(o)- Fat.
-lite A mineral or fossil.
-lith A stone or stony structure.
lith- See litho-
-lithic Stone.
lith(o)- Stone.
-log See -logue
-loger See -logist
-logical Relating to a branch of knowledge or experience.
-logist A person skilled in, or involved in, a branch of study.

logo- Words or speech.
-logue A type of communication or debate.
-logy A subject of study or interest; speech or language.
lopho- Crested.
lumbo- The lower back or loin.
lute(o)- Yellow; the corpus luteum.
-ly Forming adjectives and adverbs.
lymph(o)- Lymph.
lyo- Dispersion; dissolution.
lys- See lyso-
-lysis Disintegration or decomposition.
lys(o)- Disintegration of cells.
Index of letter M
m- See meta-
-machy Fighting.
macro- Long; large.
magneto- Magnetism or a magnet.
magn(i)- Large; great.
mal- Improperly; badly; wrongly.
-malacia Abnormal softening of a tissue.
malaco- Soft.
Malayo- Malay; Malay and …
male- See mal-
mamm(o)- A breast or breasts.
-man A male person of a specified type.
-mancy Divination.
-mane See -mania
mangan(o)- Manganese.
-mania Mental abnormality or obsession; extreme enthusiasm or admiration.
-manship Skill in a subject or activity.
mast(o)- Breast.
matr(i)- A mother.
maxi- Very large or long.
maxillo- The jaw.
mebi- see the entry Words for multiples.
mechano- Mechanical.
medico- Medicine plus another field.
medio- Middle.
meg(a)- Large or great; a factor of one million; a factor of 220
.
-megaly Abnormal enlargement of part of the body.
meio- Less or fewer.
-meister A person regarded as skilled or prominent in a specified activity.
melan(o)- Black.
-melia An abnormal condition of a limb.

mening(o)- The meninges.
meno- Menstruation.
-ment Forming nouns.
-mer Part or segment.
mercapto- The chemical radical —SH.
mero- Partly or partial.
-merous See -mer
mesio- A midline.
meso- Middle; intermediate.
met(a)-
Change of position or condition; behand, after, or beyond; of a higher or
second-order kind; chemical substitution.
metall(o)- A metal.
-meter Measuring instrument; unit of measurement.
meth(o)- The methyl radical, —CH3.
methoxy- The methoxyl radical, CH3O—
-metre See -meter
-metric Measurement.
metr(o)-1
The uterus.
metr(o)-2
Measurement.
metro-3
A capital city or other large urban area.
-metropia A condition of the eye.
micro- Small; a factor of one millionth.
mid- Middle; medium; half.
midi- Medium-sized; of medium length.
milli- One thousandth; a thousand.
mini- Very small of its kind.
mio- See meio-
mis- Various senses with negative implications.
mis(o)- Hatred for or a hater of something.
-mo Book sizes.
-monas Simple microorganisms.
-monger A dealer or trader.
mon(o)- One; alone; single.
-mony Forming nouns.
-morph A specified form or character.
morph- See morpho-
-morpha Animal groupings.
-morphic See -morph
morph(o)- Form or character.
-morphosis See -morph
-most Superlative adjectives and adverbs.
muco- Mucus.
multi- More than one; many.
multiples Standard systems of number prefixes.
musculo- Muscle.

my- See myo-
myc- See myco-
-myces Bacteria or fungi.
myceto- See myco-
-mycin An antibiotic compound derived from fungi.
myc(o)- Fungi or fungal.
-mycota See -myces
myel(o)- Bone marrow; the spinal cord.
my(o)- Muscle.
myring(o)- The eardrum.
myrmeco- An ant or ants.
mytho- Myth.
myx(o)- Mucus.
Index of letter N
-n See -en2
and -en3
n- Normal; number; negative.
nano- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-9
.
-nap Abduct in order to extract a ransom.
naphth(o)- Napthalene.
narco- Stupor, drowsiness, or insensibility; the illicit production and use of drugs.
nas(o)- The nose.
-nasty Nastic movement.
natro- Sodium.
-naut A literal or figurative voyager.
necro- Death; a corpse.
nega- Negative.
nemat(o)- Thread-like in shape.
neo- New.
nepho- Cloud.
nephr(o)- A kidney or the kidneys.
-ness A state or condition.
neur(o)- Nerves or the nervous system.
neutr(o)- Neutral.
nigr(o)- Black.
-nik A person associated with a specified thing or quality.
nitr(o)- Containing nitrogen, nitric acid, or nitrates.
noci- Pain.
noct(i)- Night.
-nomic See -nomy
nomo- Law.
-nomy A specified area of knowledge or the laws governing it.
non- Not.
nona- Nine; having nine.

noo- The mind.
nor- An organic compound that is the parent of another.
normo- Normal; close to the average.
noso- Disease.
nuci- A nut.
nucleo- Nucleus; nuclear; nucleic acid.
nudi- Naked.
nulli- Nothing.
number prefixes Number prefixes derived from Latin and Greek.
number words Words for multiples of thousands.
nyct(o)- Night.
-nym See -onym
Index of letter O
-o Marking informally shortened or slang nouns.
-o- A linking vowel.
o-1
See ob-
o-2
See ortho-
oario- See ovario-
ob- Towards, to, on, over, or against.
occipito- The occipital bone.
-ock Forming nouns.
-ocracy See -cracy
octo- Eight; having eight.
oculo- The eye or the sense of vision.
-ode1
Like; of the nature of.
-ode2
A conductor of electricity.
-odont Teeth; toothed.
-odontics Specialisms in dentistry.
odont(o)- A tooth or teeth.
-odynia Pain.
oen(o)- Wine.
oesophag(o)- The oesophagus.
of- See ob-
-ogen See -gen
-ography See -graphy
-oholic See -aholic
-oic A carboxyl group or its derivative.
-oid Like; resembling.
-oides See -ides
-ol An alcohol or phenol.
-ola Diminutives; trade names; humorous or dismissive formations.
-olatry See -latry
-ole1
Organic chemical compounds.

-ole2
Forming nouns.
ole(o)- Relating to or containing oil.
-olidine See -idine
olig(o)- A small number; having few.
-ological See -logical
-ologist See -logist
-ology See -logy
-oma A tumour or other abnormal growth.
ombro- Rain; moisture.
-ome Having a specified nature.
-ometer See -meter
-ometry See -metric
omni- Of all things; in all places.
omphal(o)- The navel; the umbilical cord.
-on1
Subatomic particles or quanta; molecular units.
-on2
Inert gases.
onco- A tumour.
-one Various chemical compounds, especially ketones.
oneir(o)- Dreams or dreaming.
-onic Organic acids.
-ont An individual or cell of a specified type.
onto- Existence or being.
-onychia A condition of the nails.
onycho- The nails.
-onym A name.
oo- An egg or ovum.
-oon Forming nouns and derived verbs.
oophor(o)- The ovary.
op- See ob-
-opedia See -pedia
ophi(o)- A snake.
ophthalm(o)- The eyes.
-opia A visual disorder.
opistho- Behind; to the rear.
-opsia A defect of vision.
-opsis Observation or perception; likeness.
-opsy Medical examination.
opto- Vision; light.
-or1
Someone or something that performs a given action.
-or2
Forming nouns denoting an abstract state or condition.
-or3
See -ior
-orama A display or spectacle.
orchid(o)- Testicle; orchid.
organo- Bodily organs; organic chemical compounds.
-orial See -al1

-orium A place for a particular function.
ornith(o)- A bird or birds.
oro-1
Mountains.
oro-2
The mouth.
ortho- Straight; correct; upright.
-ory1
A place having a particular function or character.
-ory2
Relating to or involving an action.
os- See ob-
-oscope See -scope
-ose1
Having a specified quality.
-ose2
Sugars and other carbohydrates.
-osis Abstract nouns of action, state, or process.
-osity Forming nouns.
-osmia An abnormal condition of the sense of smell.
osmo- Osmosis.
oste(o)- The bones.
-ostomy See -stomy
-otic Forming adjectives and nouns.
oto- The ears.
-otomy See -tomy
-our Forming nouns.
-ous Forming adjectives.
out- Surpassing; external; away from.
ovari(o)- An ovary.
over- Excessively; extra; outer; above.
ovi- Eggs, ova.
oxa- See oxy-2
oxy-1
Sharp, acid.
ox(y)-2
Oxygen.
-oyl See -yl
-ozoa See -zoon
Index of letter P
p- See para-1
pachy- Thick.
-paedia See -pedia
paed(o)- Child; relating to children.
-pagus Conjoined twins.
palae(o)- Ancient.
palato- Palate.
pali(n)- Again.
pan- All-inclusive.
pancreat(o)- The pancreas.
panto- See pan-

papillo- A papilla.
papulo- A papule.
par(a)-1
Beside; adjacent to.
para-2
Protection; parachuting.
parieto- Body cavity; hollow structure.
-parous Bearing; producing.
partheno- Without fertilization.
-path See -pathy
path(o)- Disease.
-pathy Disease or disorder; treatment of disease.
patr(i)- Father.
pebi- see the entry Words for multiples.
-ped Having feet of a given type or number.
ped- See paedo- and pedi-
pedi- Foot.
-pedia Compendium of information.
pedo-1
Soil or soil types.
pedo-2
See paedo-
pelvi- The pelvis.
pen(e)- Almost; nearly.
-penia Deficiency in a component of the blood.
pent(a)- Five; having five.
per- Through; all over; completely.
-percenter See -er1
perchloro- See per-
peri- Round; about.
pero- Deformity.
peroxy- See per-
-person Gender-neutral alternative to ‘man’ in compounds.
peta- In units of measurement, a factor of 1015
.
-petal Seeking; moving towards.
petro- Rocks; petroleum.
-pexy Surgical operation for fixing an organ in position.
phaco- Lens of the eye; lens shaped.
phaeo- Dusky.
phag(o)- Feeding, eating.
-phagy Feeding or subsisting on a specified food.
phallo- Penis.
-phane Having a given appearance.
phanero- Visible.
pharmac(o)- Drugs, medicines.
pharyng(o)- Pharynx.
-phasia Speech disorder.
phen(o)- Benzene compounds; showing.
-phile Lover of or enthusiast for; having an affinity with a given thing.

phil(o)- Liking for a specified thing.
phleb(o)- A vein.
-phobia Extreme or irrational fear or dislike.
-phone Sound.
phon(o)- Sound.
-phony See -phone
-phore An agent, bearer, or producer of a specified thing.
phosph(o)- Phosphorus; light.
photo- Light; photography.
-phrenia Mental disorder.
-phyceae Alga.
phyco- Seaweeds and algae.
-phyll Leaf.
phyll(o)- Leaf.
phyl(o)- Race; group.
-phyre Porphyritic rocks.
physico- Physical; physical and …
physi(o)- Nature; physiology.
physo- Air or gas.
-phyte A plant or plant-like organism.
phyto- A plant.
pico- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-12
.
picr(o)- Bitter tasting; picric acid.
piezo- Pressure.
pil(o)- Hair.
pinn(i)- Wings, fins, or feathers.
pisc(i)- Fish.
-pithecus Genera of fossil apes.
placo- A plate.
plagio- Oblique.
plan(o)- Level or flat.
-plasm Growth or development; living substance; tissue.
plasm(o)- Plasma or plasm.
-plast See -plasm
-plasty Reconstructive surgery.
platin(o)- Platinum.
platy- Broad or flat.
-plegia Paralysis.
pleo- More.
pleur(o)- The pleurae; the side of the body.
-plex Having a given number of parts or units.
plio- See pleo-
-ploid The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.
-ploitation Commercial exploitation in film and other media.
plumb(o)- Lead.

pluri- Several.
pneumo- The lungs; air or gas; spirit.
-pnoea Breath, respiration.
-pod Foot or feet.
pod(o)- Foot.
-poiesis Production, formation.
poikilo- Variegated; variable.
polio- Tissue in the nervous system; grey matter.
-polis A city.
politico- Politically; political and …
poly- Many, much.
porno- Pornography.
por(o)- A pore.
post- After in time or order.
postero- Posterior.
prae- See pre-
-praxia Action; practice.
pre- Prior to; before; earlier; in front of.
preter- More than.
pro-1
Favour or support; forwards, out, or away; substitute or deputy.
pro-2
Before in time, place, order, etc.
proct(o)- Anus or rectum.
prop- A three-carbon chain of atoms.
pros(o)- Towards, forward, anterior.
prosop(o)- Face; person.
prote(o)- Protein.
proto- Original or first; primitive or ancestral.
pseud(o)- False; imitative.
psilo- Bare, smooth.
psych(o)- The mind; psychology.
-ptera Winged animals.
pterido- A fern.
ptero- A wing.
pteryg(o)- Wing-like.
ptyalo- Saliva; salivary gland.
pur- Forwards, out, or away.
py- See pyo-
pycn(o)- Compact; dense.
pyel(o)- The pelvis of the kidney.
pyg(o)- The buttocks.
pylor(o)- The pylorus.
py(o)- Pus.
pyr(o)- Fire.
Index of letter Q

quadr(i)- Four; having four parts; square.
quasi- Seemingly; apparently but not really; partly or almost.
quin- See quinti-
quinqu(e)- Five; having five parts.
quint(i)- Five; the fifth in a series.
Index of letter R
rach(i)- The spine.
radio-1
Radiation; radio waves.
radio-2
The radius bone.
-rama See -orama
-raphy See -rrhaphy
re- Again; back.
rect(i)- Straight; right; correct.
recto- The rectum.
-rel Forming nouns.
ren(i)- The kidneys; kidney-shaped.
reticulo- Net-like; reticulated.
retin(o)- The retina.
retro- Directed backwards; behind.
rhabdo- A rod or rodlike structure.
-rhagia See -rrhagia
-rhea See -rrhoea
rheo- Current or flow.
rhin(o)- The nose.
rhizo- A root or roots.
rhodo- Rose-coloured.
rhyncho- Snout or beak.
roentgeno- X-rays.
Romano- Roman; Roman and …
-rrhagia An excessive flow or discharge.
-rrhaphy Surgical sewing or suturing.
-rrhoea Discharge; flow.
Russo- Russian; Russian and …
-ry See -ery
Index of letter S
-s' Plural possessive nouns.
-s1
Noun plurals.
-s2
Third person singular of the present tense of verbs.
-s3
Nicknames or pet names.
sacchar(o)- Sugar.

sacr(o)- Sacrum.
salping(o)- Fallopian tube.
-san Japanese honorific.
sangui- Blood.
sapro- Putrefaction or decay.
sarc(o)- Flesh or fleshy tissue; muscle.
-saur Reptiles, especially extinct ones.
saur(o)- Lizard.
-saurus See -saur
-scape A specified type of scene, or a representation of it.
scaph(o)- Boat-shaped.
scapul(o)- The shoulder blade.
scato- Dung or excrement.
schisto- Fissure or split.
schiz(o)- Divided or split.
scler(o)- Hard; hardening.
-scope An instrument for observing, viewing, or examining something.
Scoto-1
Scotland or the Scots; Scotland and …
scot(o)-2
Darkness.
scyph(o)- Cup-shaped.
se- Apart; without.
seb(o)- Oil, fat, or grease.
-sect Divided or cut.
seism(o)- An earthquake.
selen(o)-1
The moon.
selen(o)-2
Selenium.
self- Oneself, itself.
semi- Half; a part.
semio- Sign; communication.
-sepalous Having sepals of a given type.
sept(i)- Seven.
Serbo- Serbian; Serbian and …
seric- Silk.
sero- Serum; a serous membrane.
sesqui- One and one half.
seti- A bristle.
sex(i)- Six.
-ship Forming abstract nouns.
sial(o)- Saliva; salivary gland.
sider(o)- Iron.
silic(o)- Silicon.
sinistr(o)- Left; the left side; left-handed.
sin(o)-1
A sinus.
Sino-2
Chinese; China and …
-sion See -ion

siphon(o)- Siphon.
-sis See -osis
sito- Food.
Slavo- Slavs; Slavonic languages in relation to others.
-smith A skilled worker with a specified material.
-soever Of any kind; to any extent.
-sol Soil.
somat(o)- The body.
-some1
Forming adjectives.
-some2
A group of a specified number.
-some3
A part of a body, especially a cell.
-something A person whose age falls into a given decade.
somn(i)- Sleep.
son(o)- Sound.
-sophy A system of thought.
-sory See -ory1
and -ory2
.
sous- Subordinate; beneath.
spasmo- A spasm.
-speak A manner of speaking.
spectr(o)- Spectrum.
-sperm Seed.
spermat(o)- Semen or sperm.
sphaero- See sphero-
sphen(o)- Wedge-shaped.
-sphere A broadly spherical object or region.
spher(o)- A sphere; spherical.
sphingo- Compounds isolated from the brain and nervous tissue.
sphygm(o)- The pulse.
spin(i)- Thorn or spine; the spine or spinal cord.
spir(o)-1
Spiral; coiled.
spir(o)-2
The breath; breathing.
splanchn(o)- The viscera; intestines.
splen(o)- The spleen.
spondyl(o)- A vertebra.
spongio- A sponge; sponge-like.
-spore A spore.
spor(o)- A spore.
squam(o)- A scale.
-st See -est2
stann(o)- Tin.
staphyl(o)- The uvula; a bunch or cluster.
-stasis Slowing down; stopping.
-stat Something that maintains a controlled state.
stato- Resting; equilibrium; balance.
steat(o)- Fat.

stego- Covered; hidden.
steno- Small; constricted.
step- A relationship resulting from a remarriage.
-ster A person or thing associated with an activity or quality.
sterco(r)- Faeces; dung.
ster(eo)- Solid; three-dimensional.
stern(o)- The breastbone or sternum.
-sterol A sterol.
-sterone A steroid hormone.
stib(o)- Antimony.
stomat(o)- The mouth; a opening.
-stome A mouth.
-stomy A surgical operation to create an opening in an organ.
strat(i)- A layer; layered.
strepto- Twisted.
-stress A female person associated with a specific activity.
-style1
In a characteristic manner.
-style2
Having columns of a specified type.
stylo-1
Style; stylus.
stylo-2
A column, pillar, or tube.
sub- A lower level or position; somewhat or nearly; secondary action.
sulpha- A drug derived from sulphanilamide.
sulph(o)- Sulphur.
sup- See sub-
super- Above, over, or beyond; great or large; of a higher kind.
supra- Over or above; transcending.
sur- Over, above, beyond; additional.
sus- See sub-
-sy Forming nouns and adjectives.
syn- United; acting or considered together; alike.
synchro- Synchronous.
syndesmo- Connective tissue, especially ligaments.
syring(o)- A tube or long cavity; a fistula.
sys- See syn-
Index of letter T
-t See -ed2
tach(o)- Speed.
tachy- Rapid.
-tactic See -taxis
taeni- Ribbon; tapeworm.
talo- The ankle bone.
-tard A derogatory term for a stupid or annoying person.
tarso- The tarsus.

-tastic Something outstanding, superb, or excellent.
tauro- Ox or bull.
tauto- The same.
taxi- See taxo-
-taxis Arrangement or order; movement in response to an external stimulus.
taxo- Order, arrangement, classification.
-taxy See -taxis
tebi- see the entry Words for multiples.
-technics A technology or skill.
techno- Technology, especially its impact or implications.
tectono- Tectonics.
-teen Forming the names of numerals from 13 to 19.
tele- To or at a distance.
teleo- Perfect; complete.
tellur(o)- Tellurium; the earth.
telo- End; purpose.
temporo- The temporal bones.
tendino- See teno-
-tene Stages in cell division.
teno- A tendon.
tephr(o)- Ash; ash-coloured.
ter- Three; having three.
tera- In units of measurement, a factor of 1012
, a million million.
terato- Monsters or abnormal forms.
-teria A self-service establishment.
tetan(o)- Tetanus.
tetr(a)- Four; having four.
-th1
Forming ordinal and fractional numbers.
-th2
Forming nouns.
thalam(o)- The thalamus.
thalasso- The sea.
thall(o)- A thallus; thallium.
thanato- Death.
thaumato- Wonder or miracle.
-thelium A layer of body tissue.
theo- God or deities.
-theria See -therium
theri(o)- An animal.
-therium An animal genus.
-therm Temperature; heat.
therm(o)- Heat; temperature.
-thermy See -therm
thio- Sulphur
-thon See -athon
thorac(o)- The chest or thorax.

thrombo- Blood clotting.
-thymia A condition of the mind.
thym(o)- The thymus.
thyro- The thyroid.
tibio- The tibia.
-tic See -atic, -etic, -ic, -itic, and -otic
-tide A festival of the Christian Church; a specified time or season.
-tion See -ion
-tious See -itious
titano-1
Gigantic, huge.
titano-2
Titanium.
toco- Childbirth; reproduction.
-tome An instrument for cutting; a section or segment.
-tomy Cutting.
-tonia Muscle tone or tension; a personality state.
tono- tension; tone.
-topia A place with specified characteristics.
topo- Place; position.
-tor See -or1
-tory See -ory1
and -ory2
.
tox(i)- Toxin; toxic.
trache(o)- The trachea.
trans- Across; beyond; through.
tri- Three; having three.
trib(o)- Friction.
-trice See -trix
tricho- Hair.
-trichous Hairy; having hair.
-triene See -ene1
trito- Third.
-trix Forming feminine agent nouns.
trocho- Wheel-like.
-tron A subatomic particle; an instrument or device.
-trope Form; type; affinity.
-trophic Nutrition; feeding.
troph(o)- Nourishment.
-tropic Turning; changing; affecting.
-tropism Preferential growth or movement of an organism.
tropo- Turning; change.
-tropous See -tropic
-tropy Forming nouns that correspond to adjectives in -tropic.
tubo- A tube.
-tude Forming abstract nouns.
turbo- A turbine.
Turco- Turkish; Turkish and …

-ty1
Forming nouns.
-ty2
Groups of ten.
tympan(o)- The eardrum.
Index of letter U
-ual See -al1
uber- Superior.
-ubility See -able
-ula Forming diminutive nouns.
-ule Forming nouns.
-ulent Abounding in; full of.
ulno- The ulna.
-ulose See -ose1
or -ose2
-ulous See -ous
ultra- Beyond; extreme.
un- Negation; reversal of a state.
-uncle Forming nouns, chiefly diminutives.
undec(a)- Eleven.
under- Below.
uni- One; having or consisting of one.
unnil- Certain transuranic elements.
-uous See -ous
-up An activity.
up- Up; upwards; higher; increased.
ur- Primitive; original; earliest.
urano-1
The heavens; the palate.
uran(o)-2
Uranium.
ur(e)- Urea.
-ure1
Forming nouns.
-ure2
Forming nouns.
-uret A binary compound.
ureter(o)- The ureter.
urethr(o)- The urethra.
-urgy The art or process for working with something.
-uria A substance present in the urine, especially in excess.
urino- Urine; the urinary system.
uro-1
The tail or the tail part of the body.
uro-2
Urine or the urinary organs.
uter(o)- The uterus.
-ution Forming nouns.
Index of letter V

vagin(o)- The vagina.
vago- The vagus nerve.
-valent Combining power.
varico- A varicose vein.
vas(o)- A vessel.
ven(o)- A vein.
ventricul(o)- A ventricle.
vermi- A worm.
vesic(o)- A blister; the urinary bladder.
vibro- Oscillation; shaking.
vice- Deputy; assistant.
viginti- Twenty.
-ville A fictitious place indicating some quality.
vin(i)- Wine.
vir(o)- A virus.
viscero- The viscera.
visco- Sticky; thick.
visuo- Sight; vision.
vitell(i)- The yolk of an egg.
vitr(o)- Glass; glassy.
vivi- Alive; living.
-vore An organism living on a given type of food.
vulv(o)- The female external genitals, the vulva.
Index of letter W
-ward In a specified direction.
-ware
Items of a specified type or for a given purpose; classes of computer
applications.
-ways Way, direction, or manner.
-wide Extending throughout the specified area or scope.
-wise In a given way or manner; with respect to or concerning.
with- Away, back, against, in opposition to.
-woman Woman.
-womanship See -manship
-word In reference to a word that may be offensive.
-work Things made of a specified material or in a particular way.
-worthy Deserving; suitable or fit for.
Index of letter X
-x Forming the plural of many nouns ending in -u taken from French.
xantho- Yellow.
xeno- Foreign; different.

xero- Dry.
-xion See -ion
xiph(o)- Sword; sword-shaped.
xylo- Wood.
Index of letter Y
y- An archaic form marking the past participle.
-y1
Full of; having the quality of; inclined to; apt to.
-y2
Forming affectionate or pet names, or nouns that imply smallness.
-y3
A quality, state, action, or entity.
-yer See -ier
yester- Yesterday.
-yl Forming names of chemical radicals.
-ylene See -ene1
-yne Hydrocarbons containing a triple bond.
yocto- See the entry Words for multiples.
yotta- See the entry Words for multiples.
Index of letter Z
zepto- See the entry Words for multiples.
zetta- see the entry Words for multiples
-zoa See -zoon
-zoic1
Relating to a given geological aeon or era.
-zoic2
See -zoon
zoo- Animal; animal life.
-zoon Types of animal.
zygo- Joining or pairing.
zym(o)- Enzymes or fermentation.
Thematic index of Biochemistry
-ase An enzyme.
-ergic Involving, releasing, or mimicking a specified substance as a neurotransmitter.
-globin A globin compound.
-kinin A hormone.
nucleo- Nucleus; nuclear; nucleic acid.
plasm(o)- Plasma or plasm.
prote(o)- Protein.
sero- Serum; a serous membrane.
-sterol A sterol.
-sterone A steroid hormone.

sulpha- A drug derived from sulphanilamide.
zym(o)- Enzymes or fermentation.
Thematic index of Biological classes
-acea Groups of animals.
-aceae Families of seed-bearing plants.
-ales Orders of plants.
-bacter A genus of bacteria.
cet(o)- A whale.
clad(o)- A branch or branching.
-coccus A spherical bacterium.
-ella Genera of bacteria and algae.
-fera Animal orders or phyla.
-florous Having flowers of a certain type.
-formes Orders of animals.
-ida Taxonomic groups.
-idae Taxonomic groups.
-ides Plant and animal genera.
-ina Forming nouns.
-inae Animal subfamilies.
-lecithal Having an egg yolk of a given kind.
lecith(o)- Egg yolk.
lepid(o)- Scales.
lys(o)- Disintegration of cells.
-monas Simple microorganisms.
-morpha Animal groupings.
-myces Bacteria or fungi.
-ont An individual or cell of a specified type.
-pithecus Genera of fossil apes.
-ptera Winged animals.
sterco(r)- Faeces; dung.
taxo- Order, arrangement, classification.
-therium An animal genus.
-zoon Types of animal.
Thematic index of Chemical elements
alumin(o)- Aluminium.
argent(o)- Silver.
arsen(o)- Arsenic.
aur(i)- Gold.
az(o)- Nitrogen; the chemical radical -N=N-.

benz(o)- Benzene.
bor(o)- Boron.
brom(o)- Bromine.
carb(o)- Carbon.
chalc(o)- Copper.
cupr(o)- Copper.
eka- Unknown elements.
ferr(o)- Iron.
fluor(o)- Fluorine; fluorescence.
hal(o)- Halogens; salinity or salt.
hydr(o)-2
Hydrogen
iod(o)- Iodine.
-ium Forming nouns; chemical elements.
mangan(o)- Manganese.
natro- Sodium.
ox(y)-2
Oxygen.
phosph(o)- Phosphorus; light.
platin(o)- Platinum.
plumb(o)- Lead.
selen(o)-2
Selenium.
sider(o)- Iron.
silic(o)- Silicon.
stann(o)- Tin.
stib(o)- Antimony.
sulph(o)- Sulphur.
thio- Sulphur
titano-2
Titanium.
unnil- Certain transuranic elements.
uran(o)-2
Uranium.
Thematic index of Chemical radicals
acet(o)- Acetic acid or the acetyl group.
acid(o)- Acid; sharp or sour.
-al2
An aldehyde.
aldo- An aldehyde.
amid(o)- The CONH2- group in chemical compounds.
amino- The amine group, NH2—.
-ane1
Saturated straight-chain (aliphatic) hydrocarbons.
but- Four-carbon chains of atoms.
carboxy- The carboxyl group.
chem(o)- Chemistry; chemical compounds; chemical reactions.

dehydro- Loss of hydrogen.
deoxy- Loss of oxygen.
-ene1
Hydrocarbons.
eth- A two-carbon chain of atoms.
ethox(y)- The ethoxyl radical.
hydroxy- Hydroxyl; hydroxide.
-idine Organic ring compounds containing nitrogen.
imid(o)- Various amine derivatives.
-itol Polyhydric alcohols.
ket(o)- Ketone.
mercapto- The chemical radical —SH.
met(a)-
Change of position or condition; behand, after, or beyond; of a higher or second-
order kind; chemical substitution.
meth(o)- The methyl radical, —CH3.
methoxy- The methoxyl radical, CH3O—
naphth(o)- Napthalene.
nitr(o)- Containing nitrogen, nitric acid, or nitrates.
nor- An organic compound that is the parent of another.
-oic A carboxyl group or its derivative.
-ol An alcohol or phenol.
-ole1
Organic chemical compounds.
-on2
Inert gases.
-one Various chemical compounds, especially ketones.
-onic Organic acids.
organo- Bodily organs; organic chemical compounds.
-ose2
Sugars and other carbohydrates.
oxy-1
Sharp, acid.
phen(o)- Benzene compounds; showing.
prop- A three-carbon chain of atoms.
-uret A binary compound.
-valent Combining power.
-yl Forming names of chemical radicals.
-yne Hydrocarbons containing a triple bond.
Thematic index of Colours
chlor(o)- The colour green.
-chroic Having colour of a given type.
-chrome Colour.
chrom(o)- Colour; chromium.
chrys(o)- Gold; gold-coloured.
erythro- Redness.
flav(o)- Yellow or yellow-tinted.
leuc(o)- White; whiteness.

lute(o)- Yellow; the corpus luteum.
melan(o)- Black.
nigr(o)- Black.
rhodo- Rose-coloured.
tephr(o)- Ash; ash-coloured.
xantho- Yellow.
Thematic index of Culture & society
-aholic A person excessively fond of something.
-aire A person characterized by or linked to the idea in the stem.
arch- Chief; principal; pre-eminent of its kind.
-archy Government; rule of a particular type; a chief or ruler.
-ast A person connected with a pursuit or activity.
-athon An event long in duration, usually for fund-raising purposes.
-ati Groups of people.
-cade A procession or show.
cine- The cinema; film.
-core A musical genre.
-cracy Government, rule, or influence.
-delic Of attitudes or activities relating to a given type of experience.
demo- The people.
docu- A documentary programme.
-ene2
An inhabitant.
ethno- A nation, people, or culture.
-fest A festival, gathering, or activity.
-flation Economic inflation, especially in a particular field.
-gate A scandal, especially a political one.
grand- The second degree of parentage or descent.
hom(o)-2
Man; human being.
-hood A group of people; a condition or quality.
-ier A person engaged in an occupation or activity.
-in2
A gathering of people having a common purpose, typically as a form of protest.
-ista A supporter of a person or organization.
klepto- Thieving.
-machy Fighting.
-manship Skill in a subject or activity.
matr(i)- A mother.
-meister A person regarded as skilled or prominent in a specified activity.
metro-3
A capital city or other large urban area.
-monger A dealer or trader.
-nap Abduct in order to extract a ransom.
-naut A literal or figurative voyager.
nomo- Law.
-orama A display or spectacle.

patr(i)- Father.
-phile Lover of or enthusiast for; having an affinity with a given thing.
phyl(o)- Race; group.
-ploitation Commercial exploitation in film and other media.
-polis A city.
politico- Politically; political and …
porno- Pornography.
-san Japanese honorific.
step- A relationship resulting from a remarriage.
-tard A derogatory term for a stupid or annoying person.
-teria A self-service establishment.
-topia A place with specified characteristics.
uber- Superior.
vice- Deputy; assistant.
-ville A fictitious place indicating some quality.
Thematic index of Diminutives
-een Forming diminutive nouns.
-en5
Forming diminutives of nouns.
-ino Forming diminutives.
-kin Forming diminutive nouns.
-ling Forming nouns, often with diminutive or depreciatory implications.
Thematic index of Direction & movement
-ad2
Indicating a direction towards some part of the body.
antero- Nearer the front of the body; forward in time.
dextr(o)- On or to the right.
di(a)- Through, across.
ent(o)- Within; inside.
extro- Outwards.
fore- Before, beforehand, going before, in front of, leading.
fronto- The forehead or front part of something.
gyro- Rotation.
in-2
In, into.
infra- Below, underneath, beneath.
intra- On the inside; within.
intro- Into; inwards.
kinesio- Movement.
-kinesis Movement.
laevo- On or to the left.
ob- Towards, to, on, over, or against.

retro- Directed backwards; behind.
trans- Across; beyond; through.
-ward In a specified direction.
-ways Way, direction, or manner.
Thematic index of Gender
andr(o)- Male or maleness.
-androus Maleness.
-elle Forming nouns.
-enne Nouns denoting females.
-ess Forming nouns denoting the female gender.
-ette Forming nouns.
gynaeco- Female; relating to women.
-gynous Having female characteristics.
-ine2
Forming feminine nouns.
-man A male person of a specified type.
-person Gender-neutral alternative to ‘man’ in compounds.
-stress A female person associated with a specific activity.
-trix Forming feminine agent nouns.
-woman Woman.
Thematic index of Grammatical affixes
-a1
Forming singular words of various types.
-a2
The plural of certain nouns of Latin or Greek origin.
-ac Forming adjectives and nouns.
-aceous Forming adjectives.
-ae Forming plurals.
-age Forming nouns.
-al1
Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-ane2
Forming adjectives.
-ant Forming adjectives and nouns.
-ar1
Forming adjectives.
-ar2
Forming nouns.
-ard Forming nouns.
-arian Forming adjectives and corresponding nouns.
-ary1
Forming nouns.
-ary2
Forming adjectives.
-ate1
Forming nouns.
-ate2
Forming adjectives.
-ate3
Forming verbs.
-atic Forming adjectives, and some nouns.
be- Forming verbs and adjectives.

-cule Forming nouns.
de- Forming verbs and their derivatives.
-dom Forming abstract or collective nouns.
-ean Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-ee Forming nouns from verbs.
-eer Forming nouns and verbs.
-ellum Forming nouns.
-en1
Forming verbs from nouns and adjectives.
en-1
Forming verbs.
-en2
Forming adjectives from nouns.
-en3
Forming past participles of strong verbs.
-en4
Forming noun plurals.
-end Forming nouns.
-er1
Forming nouns.
-er2
Forming the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs.
-er4
Forming verbs.
-ery Forming nouns.
-esce Forming verbs, often denoting the initiation of an action.
-ese Forming adjectives and nouns.
-est1
Forming the superlatives of some adjectives and adverbs.
-est2
Forming the second person singular of verbs.
-et Forming nouns, originally diminutives.
-eth2
Forming the third person singular of the present tense of verbs.
-etic Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-faction Nouns of action or associated state.
-fic Forming adjectives of action.
-fication Nouns of action.
for- Forming verbs and adjectives.
-i- A connecting vowel.
-i1
Forming plurals.
-i2
Adjectives and nouns relating to countries.
-ia Forming nouns.
-ian Forming adjectives and nouns.
-ic Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-ice Forming nouns.
-id1
Forming adjectives.
-id2
Forming nouns.
-ile Forming adjectives and some nouns.
-im A plural ending of words from Hebrew.
-ine1
Forming adjectives.
-ine3
Forming nouns.
-ing1
Forming nouns derived from verbs.
-ing2
Forming the present participle of verbs, and adjectives from nouns.
-ing3
Forming nouns.
-ion Forming nouns denoting verbal action.

-ior Forming adjectives of comparison.
-ise2
Forming nouns.
-ish1
Forming adjectives.
-ish2
Forming verbs.
-ism Forming nouns.
-ison Forming nouns.
-ist Forming personal nouns and some related adjectives.
-ite1
Forming nouns.
-ite2
Forming adjectives, nouns, and verbs.
-itic Forming adjectives and nouns.
-ition Forming nouns.
-itious Forming adjectives.
-itive Forming adjectives.
-ize Forming verbs.
-le1
Forming nouns.
-le3
Forming verbs.
-ly Forming adjectives and adverbs.
-ment Forming nouns.
-mony Forming nouns.
-most Superlative adjectives and adverbs.
-o- A linking vowel.
-ock Forming nouns.
-ole2
Forming nouns.
-oon Forming nouns and derived verbs.
-or2
Forming nouns denoting an abstract state or condition.
-osity Forming nouns.
-otic Forming adjectives and nouns.
-our Forming nouns.
-ous Forming adjectives.
-rel Forming nouns.
-s' Plural possessive nouns.
-s1
Noun plurals.
-'s1
Possessive forms of nouns.
-s2
Third person singular of the present tense of verbs.
-'s2
Various contractions.
-ship Forming abstract nouns.
-some1
Forming adjectives.
-sy Forming nouns and adjectives.
-th2
Forming nouns.
-tropy Forming nouns that correspond to adjectives in -tropic.
-tude Forming abstract nouns.
-ty1
Forming nouns.
-ula Forming diminutive nouns.
-ule Forming nouns.
-uncle Forming nouns, chiefly diminutives.

-ure1
Forming nouns.
-ure2
Forming nouns.
-ution Forming nouns.
-x Forming the plural of many nouns ending in -u taken from French.
y- An archaic form marking the past participle.
Thematic index of Human body
abdomin(o)- The abdomen.
aden(o)- A gland.
adip(o)- Fat or fatty tissues.
adren(o)- The adrenal glands.
amnio- The amnion.
arteri(o)- An artery.
arthr(o)- A joint.
bili- Bile.
blephar(o)- The eyelid.
brachi(o)- An arm.
bronch(o)- The bronchi.
bucco- The cheek.
cardi(o)- The heart.
-cardium Tissue related to the heart.
-cephalic The head.
cephal(o)- The head.
cerebr(o)- The brain.
cervic(o)- The cervix; the neck.
chaet(o)- Hair.
cheil(o)- A lip.
chiro- A hand.
chol(e)- Bile or gall.
chondr(o)- A cartilage; a grain.
chori(o)- The chorion or choroid.
-coel A body cavity.
col(o)- The colon.
colpo- The vagina.
cost(o)- A rib or ribs.
crani(o)- The cranium.
cyst(o)- The urinary bladder.
dacryo- Tears.
dactyl(o)- Fingers or toes.
-dactyly Having fingers or toes of a given type.
-derm Skin; covering.
dermat(o)- The skin.
digit(i)- A finger.
dors(i)- The back.

duoden(o)- Duodenum.
embryo- An embryo.
encephalo- The brain.
-enchyma Cellular tissue.
enter(o)- The intestine.
femor(o)- The thigh or thigh bone.
feto- The fetus.
ganglio- Ganglion.
gastr(o)- The stomach; feeding.
gingiv(o)- The gums.
glio- The glia.
gluteo- The buttocks.
gnath(o)- The jaw.
-gonium Organs of reproduction.
gon(o)- Sexual; reproductive.
haem(o)- Blood.
-head The head, in various senses, often figurative.
hepat(o)- The liver.
hidro- Sweat.
hymen(o)- A membrane; the hymen.
hypn(o)- Sleep; hypnosis.
hyster(o)- Uterus.
ile(o)- The ileum.
ili(o)- The ilium.
ischio- The ischium.
jejun(o)- The jejunum.
kerat(o)- Horny tissue; the cornea.
labi(o)- The lips.
lapar(o)- The abdominal wall.
laryng(o)- The larynx.
lip(o)- Fat.
lumbo- The lower back or loin.
lymph(o)- Lymph.
mamm(o)- A breast or breasts.
mast(o)- Breast.
maxillo- The jaw.
mening(o)- The meninges.
meno- Menstruation.
metr(o)-1
The uterus.
musculo- Muscle.
myel(o)- Bone marrow; the spinal cord.
my(o)- Muscle.
myring(o)- The eardrum.
nas(o)- The nose.
nephr(o)- A kidney or the kidneys.

noo- The mind.
occipito- The occipital bone.
-odont Teeth; toothed.
odont(o)- A tooth or teeth.
oesophag(o)- The oesophagus.
omphal(o)- The navel; the umbilical cord.
onycho- The nails.
oophor(o)- The ovary.
ophthalm(o)- The eyes.
orchid(o)- Testicle; orchid.
oro-2
The mouth.
oste(o)- The bones.
oto- The ears.
ovari(o)- An ovary.
palato- Palate.
pancreat(o)- The pancreas.
papillo- A papilla.
papulo- A papule.
pelvi- The pelvis.
phallo- Penis.
pharyng(o)- Pharynx.
phleb(o)- A vein.
pil(o)- Hair.
-pnoea Breath, respiration.
pod(o)- Foot.
por(o)- A pore.
proct(o)- Anus or rectum.
prosop(o)- Face; person.
pyg(o)- The buttocks.
rach(i)- The spine.
radio-2
The radius bone.
recto- The rectum.
retin(o)- The retina.
rhin(o)- The nose.
sacr(o)- Sacrum.
salping(o)- Fallopian tube.
sarc(o)- Flesh or fleshy tissue; muscle.
scapul(o)- The shoulder blade.
sial(o)- Saliva; salivary gland.
sin(o)-1
A sinus.
somat(o)- The body.
somn(i)- Sleep.
spermat(o)- Semen or sperm.
spin(i)- Thorn or spine; the spine or spinal cord.
splanchn(o)- The viscera; intestines.

splen(o)- The spleen.
spondyl(o)- A vertebra.
staphyl(o)- The uvula; a bunch or cluster.
steat(o)- Fat.
stern(o)- The breastbone or sternum.
talo- The ankle bone.
tarso- The tarsus.
temporo- The temporal bones.
teno- A tendon.
thalam(o)- The thalamus.
thorac(o)- The chest or thorax.
thym(o)- The thymus.
tibio- The tibia.
trache(o)- The trachea.
tricho- Hair.
tympan(o)- The eardrum.
ulno- The ulna.
urano-1
ureter(o)- The ureter.
urethr(o)- The urethra.
urino- Urine; the urinary system.
uro-2
Urine or the urinary organs.
uter(o)- The uterus.
vagin(o)- The vagina.
vago- The vagus nerve.
ven(o)- A vein.
viscero- The viscera.
vulv(o)- The female external genitals, the vulva.
Thematic index of Knowledge
-gnomy Knowledge.
-gnosis Knowledge; recognition.
-ics A subject of study or branch of knowledge.
-logical Relating to a branch of knowledge or experience.
-logist A person skilled in, or involved in, a branch of study.
-logy A subject of study or interest; speech or language.
-nomy A specified area of knowledge or the laws governing it.
-pedia Compendium of information.
-sophy A system of thought.
Thematic index of Language & writing
biblio- A book or books.

-eme Linguistic units that are in systemic contrast with one other.
-glossia Speech or language.
gloss(o)- The tongue; speech or language.
-glot Language.
-gram Something written or recorded in a particular way.
graph(o)- Writing; the production of images.
-graphy Writing; the production of images; descriptive sciences or studies.
-lect A variety within a language.
-lepsis A figure of speech.
logo- Words or speech.
-logue A type of communication or debate.
-onym A name.
semio- Sign; communication.
-speak A manner of speaking.
-word In reference to a word that may be offensive.
Thematic index of Living world
acar(o)- A mite or tick.
angi(o)- Blood or seed vessels.
-angium A container.
anth(o)- A flower or flowers.
anthrop(o)- Human, or of a human being.
-anthropy Human, or humankind.
arachn(o)- A spider or spiders.
arbor(i)- A tree or trees.
aux(o)- Growth or increase.
avi- A bird or birds; flight.
bacill- A bacillus.
bacteri(o)- Bacteria.
basidio- A basidium.
bio- Life; living things.
-biosis A mode of life.
blasto- Germination.
botry(o)- A bunch of grapes.
branchio- Gills.
bryo- Moss.
-carp A fruit or fruiting body.
-chaete A bristle or seta.
chel(i)- A claw.
cirr(o)- A tuft, curl, or tendril.
cocci- A small spherical body.
-colous Living in or preferring a given environment.
copro- Dung or faeces.
cyno- A dog.

-cyte A cell.
cyto- A cell.
dendro- A tree or trees.
-dendron A shrub or tree.
eco- Ecology; the natural environment.
entom(o)- An insect or insects.
flor(i)- A flower or flowers.
franken- Genetically modified.
fruct(i)- Fruit; fructose.
fung(i)- Fungus.
gam(o)- Marriage or union, fertilization or reproduction.
-gamy Marriage, fertilization or reproduction.
hipp(o)- Horse.
hylo- Woodlands or wood; matter.
ichthyo- Fish; fishlike.
-idium A structure in a plant or animal.
ligno- Wood.
limn(o)- Fresh water.
myc(o)- Fungi or fungal.
myrmeco- An ant or ants.
myx(o)- Mucus.
-nasty Nastic movement.
nuci- A nut.
oo- An egg or ovum.
ophi(o)- A snake.
ornith(o)- A bird or birds.
ovi- Eggs, ova.
-parous Bearing; producing.
partheno- Without fertilization.
-ped Having feet of a given type or number.
pedi- Foot.
-petal Seeking; moving towards.
phag(o)- Feeding, eating.
-phagy Feeding or subsisting on a specified food.
-phyceae Alga.
phyco- Seaweeds and algae.
-phyll Leaf.
phyll(o)- Leaf.
-phyte A plant or plant-like organism.
phyto- A plant.
pinn(i)- Wings, fins, or feathers.
pisc(i)- Fish.
-plasm Growth or development; living substance; tissue.
-pod Foot or feet.
pterido- A fern.

ptero- A wing.
pteryg(o)- Wing-like.
rhizo- A root or roots.
rhyncho- Snout or beak.
sapro- Putrefaction or decay.
-saur Reptiles, especially extinct ones.
saur(o)- Lizard.
scato- Dung or excrement.
-sepalous Having sepals of a given type.
seti- A bristle.
siphon(o)- Siphon.
-sperm Seed.
spongio- A sponge; sponge-like.
-spore A spore.
spor(o)- A spore.
squam(o)- A scale.
stomat(o)- The mouth; a opening.
-stome A mouth.
tauro- Ox or bull.
-taxis Arrangement or order; movement in response to an external stimulus.
-tene Stages in cell division.
theri(o)- An animal.
-trichous Hairy; having hair.
-trophic Nutrition; feeding.
troph(o)- Nourishment.
-tropism Preferential growth or movement of an organism.
uro-1
The tail or the tail part of the body.
vermi- A worm.
vivi- Alive; living.
-vore An organism living on a given type of food.
zoo- Animal; animal life.
zygo- Joining or pairing.
Thematic index of Medicine & surgery
-acusis A condition of the hearing.
-aemia A substance present in the blood, especially in excess.
-agogue Leading or promoting.
anthrac(o)- Coal or carbon; a carbuncle.
-asis A disease or other medical condition.
ather(o)- An atheroma.
-blast An immature or embryonic cell.
carcino- Cancer.

-cele A tumour, swelling, or hernia.
-centesis A puncture or perforation of a body cavity.
-derma A disorder of the skin.
-ectomy Surgical removal of all or part of a specified organ.
febr(i)- Fever.
fibrino- Fibrin.
geront(o)- Old age or old people.
hernio- Hernia.
hist(o)- Organic tissue.
-iatric Medical practice or treatment.
iatro- A physician or medical treatment.
immuno- Immune or immunity.
ino- Fibrous tissue or muscle.
-itis Inflammatory disease.
karyo- The nucleus of a cell.
-lagnia Morbid sexual arousal.
-lalia A speech condition or disorder.
-lepsy A seizure.
-lysis Disintegration or decomposition.
-malacia Abnormal softening of a tissue.
medico- Medicine plus another field.
-megaly Abnormal enlargement of part of the body.
-melia An abnormal condition of a limb.
-metropia A condition of the eye.
muco- Mucus.
-mycin An antibiotic compound derived from fungi.
narco- Stupor, drowsiness, or insensibility; the illicit production and use of drugs.
neur(o)- Nerves or the nervous system.
noso- Disease.
-odontics Specialisms in dentistry.
-odynia Pain.
-oma A tumour or other abnormal growth.
onco- A tumour.
-onychia A condition of the nails.
-opia A visual disorder.
-opsia A defect of vision.
-opsy Medical examination.
-osis Abstract nouns of action, state, or process.
-osmia An abnormal condition of the sense of smell.
paed(o)- Child; relating to children.
-pagus Conjoined twins.
parieto- Body cavity; hollow structure.
path(o)- Disease.
-pathy Disease or disorder; treatment of disease.
-penia Deficiency in a component of the blood.

pero- Deformity.
-pexy Surgical operation for fixing an organ in position.
pharmac(o)- Drugs, medicines.
-phasia Speech disorder.
-phobia Extreme or irrational fear or dislike.
-phrenia Mental disorder.
-plasty Reconstructive surgery.
-plegia Paralysis.
pleur(o)- The pleurae; the side of the body.
-ploid The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell.
-poiesis Production, formation.
poikilo- Variegated; variable.
polio- Tissue in the nervous system; grey matter.
-praxia Action; practice.
psych(o)- The mind; psychology.
ptyalo- Saliva; salivary gland.
pyel(o)- The pelvis of the kidney.
pylor(o)- The pylorus.
py(o)- Pus.
-rrhagia An excessive flow or discharge.
-rrhaphy Surgical sewing or suturing.
-rrhoea Discharge; flow.
sangui- Blood.
-some3
A part of a body, especially a cell.
spasmo- A spasm.
sphygm(o)- The pulse.
spir(o)-2
The breath; breathing.
-stomy A surgical operation to create an opening in an organ.
syndesmo- Connective tissue, especially ligaments.
syring(o)- A tube or long cavity; a fistula.
terato- Monsters or abnormal forms.
tetan(o)- Tetanus.
-thelium A layer of body tissue.
thrombo- Blood clotting.
-thymia A condition of the mind.
thyro- The thyroid.
toco- Childbirth; reproduction.
-tome An instrument for cutting; a section or segment.
-tomy Cutting.
-tonia Muscle tone or tension; a personality state.
tox(i)- Toxin; toxic.
-uria A substance present in the urine, especially in excess.
varico- A varicose vein.
vas(o)- A vessel.

ventricul(o)- A ventricle.
vesic(o)- A blister; the urinary bladder.
vir(o)- A virus.
vitell(i)- The yolk of an egg.
Thematic index of Miscellaneous
choan(o)- A funnel.
coel(o)- A cavity.
cten(o)- A comb.
lamelli- A thin scale, plate, or layer.
Thematic index of Negatives
a-1
Not or without.
ant(i)-
Acting against, resisting, or opposing something; the opposite or reverse of
something.
dis- Expressing a variety of negative senses.
dys- Bad; difficult.
in-1
Not; without.
mal- Improperly; badly; wrongly.
mis- Various senses with negative implications.
nega- Negative.
non- Not.
un- Negation; reversal of a state.
Thematic index of Numbers & multiples
atto- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-18
.
bi- Two; having two; doubly.
centi- One hundredth; a multiple of a hundred.
chili- A thousand.
dec(a)- Ten.
decem- Ten.
deci- One tenth.
demi- Half; partially.
deuter(o)- Second; secondary.
di- Twice, two, double.
dodec(a)- Twelve.
du(o)- Two; having two.
duodeci- Twelve; twelfth.
ennea- Nine.

exa- In units of measurement, a factor of 1018
.
femto- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-15
.
giga-
In units of measurement, a factor of one thousand million or 109
. In
computing, often a factor of 230
(1,073,741,824).
hect(o)- One hundred.
hemi- Half; a part.
hendeca- Eleven.
hepta- Seven.
hex(a)- Six.
icos- Twenty.
kilo- In units of measurement, a factor of a thousand.
micro- Small; a factor of one millionth.
milli- One thousandth; a thousand.
mon(o)- One; alone; single.
multiples Standard systems of number prefixes.
nano- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-9
.
nona- Nine; having nine.
number
prefixes
Number prefixes derived from Latin and Greek.
number words Words for multiples of thousands.
octo- Eight; having eight.
pent(a)- Five; having five.
peta- In units of measurement, a factor of 1015
.
pico- In units of measurement, a factor of 10-12
.
-plex Having a given number of parts or units.
quadr(i)- Four; having four parts; square.
quinqu(e)- Five; having five parts.
quint(i)- Five; the fifth in a series.
sept(i)- Seven.
sesqui- One and one half.
sex(i)- Six.
-some2
A group of a specified number.
-teen Forming the names of numerals from 13 to 19.
ter- Three; having three.
tera- In units of measurement, a factor of 1012
, a million million.
tetr(a)- Four; having four.
-th1
Forming ordinal and fractional numbers.
tri- Three; having three.
trito- Third.
-ty2
Groups of ten.
undec(a)- Eleven.
uni- One; having or consisting of one.
viginti- Twenty.
Thematic index of Physical world

actin(o)- A ray or beam.
anem(o)- The wind.
areo- The planet Mars.
-clase Minerals showing characteristic cleavage.
cosmo- The world; the universe.
crystall(o)- A crystal or crystals.
dynam(o)- Power.
electr(o)- Relating to, caused by, or connected with electricity.
ergo- Work; energy.
fluvi(o)- River.
galvan(o)- Electric current.
geo- The Earth.
glacio- Glaciers.
helio- The Sun.
hygr(o)- Moisture or humidity.
irid(o)- The rainbow; the iris.
-lite A mineral or fossil.
-lith A stone or stony structure.
-lithic Stone.
lith(o)- Stone.
magneto- Magnetism or a magnet.
metall(o)- A metal.
-metric Measurement.
nepho- Cloud.
noct(i)- Night.
nyct(o)- Night.
ombro- Rain; moisture.
-on1
Subatomic particles or quanta; molecular units.
oro-1
Mountains.
osmo- Osmosis.
pedo-1
Soil or soil types.
petro- Rocks; petroleum.
-phyre Porphyritic rocks.
physico- Physical; physical and …
physi(o)- Nature; physiology.
piezo- Pressure.
pyr(o)- Fire.
radio-1
Radiation; radio waves.
rheo- Current or flow.
roentgeno- X-rays.
seism(o)- An earthquake.
selen(o)-1
The moon.
-sol Soil.
son(o)- Sound.
spectr(o)- Spectrum.

-sphere A broadly spherical object or region.
tectono- Tectonics.
thalasso- The sea.
trib(o)- Friction.
urano-1
-work Things made of a specified material or in a particular way.
Thematic index of Places & peoples
Afro- Africa; African and …
Anglo- English or British; English or British and …
Austro-1
Austria; Austria and …
Austr(o)-2
Australia; Australia and …; southern.
Brit- British.
Eur(o)-
European; Europe or European plus another country; Europe; the European
Union.
Finno- Finland, the Finns or the Finnic languages.
Franco- France or French.
Gallo- France or French; French and …
Germano- German or Germany.
Graeco- Greece; Greek and …
Hibern(o)- Irish; Irish and …
Hispan(o)- Spanish; Spanish and …
Ibero- Iberian; Iberian and …
-ician Nouns denoting occupations.
Indo-1
India; India and …
Italo- Italian; Italian and ….
Judaeo- Jewish; Jewish and …
Malayo- Malay; Malay and …
-nik A person associated with a specified thing or quality.
Romano- Roman; Roman and …
Russo- Russian; Russian and …
Scoto-1
Scotland or the Scots; Scotland and …
Serbo- Serbian; Serbian and …
Sino-2
Chinese; China and …
Slavo- Slavs; Slavonic languages in relation to others.
-something A person whose age falls into a given decade.
Turco- Turkish; Turkish and …
Thematic index of Position

acr(o)- A tip, height, or extremity.

ambi- On both sides; around.
amph(i)- Variously two, both, on both sides, or around.
bathy- Depth.
centr(i)- A centre.
-centric Having a specified centre.
circum- Around or about.
cis- On this side of; on the side nearer the speaker.
-clinic Oblique, reclining, at an angle.
clino- Inclined; monoclinic.
ecto- Outer; external; on the outside.
enantio- Opposite, opposing.
end(o)- Internal; within.
ep(i)- Upon; above; in addition.
exo- External; from outside.
extra- Outside; beyond.
-form Having a specified form or number of forms.
gonio- Angle.
hapt(o)- Binding or fastening; touching.
hind- At the back; posterior.
hypso- Height; elevation.
inter- Between or among; mutually or reciprocally.
juxta- Near to.
latero- Lateral; to one side.
lept(o)- Small; narrow.
medio- Middle.
-mer Part or segment.
mesio- A midline.
mid- Middle; medium; half.
omni- Of all things; in all places.
opistho- Behind; to the rear.
ortho- Straight; correct; upright.
par(a)-1
Beside; adjacent to.
peri- Round; about.
plagio- Oblique.
postero- Posterior.
pro-2
Before in time, place, order, etc.
pros(o)- Towards, forward, anterior.
sinistr(o)- Left; the left side; left-handed.
sub- A lower level or position; somewhat or nearly; secondary action.
super- Above, over, or beyond; great or large; of a higher kind.
supra- Over or above; transcending.
sur- Over, above, beyond; additional.
tele- To or at a distance.
topo- Place; position.
ultra- Beyond; extreme.

under- Below.
up- Up; upwards; higher; increased.
-wide Extending throughout the specified area or scope.
Thematic index of Proportions
anis(o)- Unequal, asymmetrical, dissimilar.
dich(o)- In two parts; paired.
diplo- Double.
-fid Divided in a specified way or into a specified number of parts.
gigant(o)- Great size or extent.
-grade A division; a method of locomotion.
iso- Equal; isomeric.
macro- Long; large.
magn(i)- Large; great.
maxi- Very large or long.
meg(a)- Large or great; a factor of one million; a factor of 220
.
meio- Less or fewer.
mero- Partly or partial.
meso- Middle; intermediate.
midi- Medium-sized; of medium length.
mini- Very small of its kind.
multi- More than one; many.
olig(o)- A small number; having few.
pluri- Several.
poly- Many, much.
semi- Half; a part.
titano-1
Gigantic, huge.
Thematic index of Qualities
bene- Good; well.
brachy- Shortness.
brady- Slowness.
cac(o)- Unpleasant, bad, or incorrect.
calli- Beautiful.
crypt(o)- Concealed or secret.
eigen- Proper; characteristic.
elast(o)- Elastic.
equi- Equal; equally.
eu- Well; easily.
eury- A wide variety or range of something.
gravi- Weight; gravity.

gymn(o)- Bare or naked.
haplo- Single or simple.
hetero- Different or other.
hol(o)- Whole or complete.
homeo- Similar.
homo-1
The same.
hyal(o)- Glassy or transparent.
hyper- Excessive; above normal.
hypo- Under; below normal; slightly.
ideo- Idea.
idio- Personal; own.
-ity A quality or condition.
-ive Showing a quality or tendency.
lyo- Dispersion; dissolution.
-mania Mental abnormality or obsession; extreme enthusiasm or admiration.
mis(o)- Hatred for or a hater of something.
neo- New.
-ness A state or condition.
normo- Normal; close to the average.
nudi- Naked.
nulli- Nothing.
-oid Like; resembling.
-ome Having a specified nature.
-opsis Observation or perception; likeness.
pachy- Thick.
pan- All-inclusive.
pen(e)- Almost; nearly.
per- Through; all over; completely.
phaeo- Dusky.
-phane Having a given appearance.
phil(o)- Liking for a specified thing.
placo- A plate.
pleo- More.
preter- More than.
pseud(o)- False; imitative.
pycn(o)- Compact; dense.
quasi- Seemingly; apparently but not really; partly or almost.
rect(i)- Straight; right; correct.
schiz(o)- Divided or split.
stego- Covered; hidden.
steno- Small; constricted.
tach(o)- Speed.
tachy- Rapid.
-tastic Something outstanding, superb, or excellent.
tauto- The same.

teleo- Perfect; complete.
tono- tension; tone.
-wise In a given way or manner; with respect to or concerning.
-worthy Deserving; suitable or fit for.
xeno- Foreign; different.
-y3
A quality, state, action, or entity.
Thematic index of Religion & spirit
Christo- Christ.
demon(o)- Demons.
hagi(o)- Saints or holiness.
hier(o)- Sacred or holy.
icono- An image or likeness.
-latry Worship of a specified thing.
-mancy Divination.
mytho- Myth.
necro- Death; a corpse.
onto- Existence or being.
telo- End; purpose.
thanato- Death.
thaumato- Wonder or miracle.
theo- God or deities.
Thematic index of Sensations
acanth(o)- Spiny or thorny.
acoust(o)- Sound or hearing.
-agra Pain in some part of the body.
alb- White or bright.
-algia Pain, usually in a specified part of the body.
algo- Pain.
audi(o)- Hearing or sound.
baro- Pressure.
cryo- Involving or producing cold.
echin(o)- Spiny.
erot(o)- Sexual desire or excitement.
-geusia The sense of taste.
leio- Smooth.
malaco- Soft.
noci- Pain.
oculo- The eye or the sense of vision.
oneir(o)- Dreams or dreaming.

opto- Vision; light.
phanero- Visible.
-phone Sound.
phon(o)- Sound.
photo- Light; photography.
picr(o)- Bitter tasting; picric acid.
psilo- Bare, smooth.
scot(o)-2
Darkness.
-therm Temperature; heat.
vibro- Oscillation; shaking.
visco- Sticky; thick.
visuo- Sight; vision.
xero- Dry.
Thematic index of Shapes
ankylo- Bent or crooked; stiff or fixed.
astr(o)- A star or other celestial body; outer space; star-shaped.
cyclo- A circle, circular movement, or regular repetition.
dent(i)- A tooth; tooth-like.
disco- A disc; disc-shaped.
dolicho- Long.
falc- Sickle-shaped.
-gon A plane figure with a specified number of straight sides.
-hedron A geometrical solid with a specified number of plane faces.
helic(o)- Spiral; screw.
kypho- Humped.
lamin(o)- A thin layer.
lopho- Crested.
-morph A specified form or character.
morph(o)- Form or character.
nemat(o)- Thread-like in shape.
phaco- Lens of the eye; lens shaped.
plan(o)- Level or flat.
platy- Broad or flat.
ren(i)- The kidneys; kidney-shaped.
reticulo- Net-like; reticulated.
rhabdo- A rod or rodlike structure.
scaph(o)- Boat-shaped.
scler(o)- Hard; hardening.
scyph(o)- Cup-shaped.
sphen(o)- Wedge-shaped.
spher(o)- A sphere; spherical.
spir(o)-1
Spiral; coiled.

ster(eo)- Solid; three-dimensional.
strepto- Twisted.
trocho- Wheel-like.
tubo- A tube.
Thematic index of Substances
acryl(o)- Acrylic.
amyl(o)- Starch.
aqua- Water.
calc(i)- Lime or calcium.
-cide A person or substance that kills; an act of killing.
fibr(o)- Fibres.
galact(o)- Milk; galactose.
glyc(o)- Sugar.
granulo- A granule.
hydr(o)-1
Water.
ind(o)-2
A chemical substance related to indigo or an indole.
lact(o)- Milk; lactic acid or lactose.
oen(o)- Wine.
ole(o)- Relating to or containing oil.
physo- Air or gas.
pneumo- The lungs; air or gas; spirit.
sacchar(o)- Sugar.
seb(o)- Oil, fat, or grease.
seric- Silk.
sito- Food.
ur(e)- Urea.
vin(i)- Wine.
vitr(o)- Glass; glassy.
xylo- Wood.
Thematic index of Technology
aer(o)- Air or another gas; the atmosphere; aircraft.
agro- Farming; cultivation.
auto-2
An automobile or motor vehicle.
cyber- Computer-mediated electronic communications.
e-1
Electronic communications.
-flop Measures of computing speed.
heli- Helicopter.
mechano- Mechanical.
-meter Measuring instrument; unit of measurement.

metr(o)-2
Measurement.
-ode2
A conductor of electricity.
-scope An instrument for observing, viewing, or examining something.
-smith A skilled worker with a specified material.
-stat Something that maintains a controlled state.
-ster A person or thing associated with an activity or quality.
-technics A technology or skill.
techno- Technology, especially its impact or implications.
turbo- A turbine.
-urgy The art or process for working with something.
-ware Items of a specified type or for a given purpose; classes of computer applications.
Thematic index of Time
afore- Before or previously.
ante- Before or preceding.
après- A period following some activity.
archaeo- Ancient or prehistoric times.
-cene A division of geological time.
-chronic Time.
chron(o)- Time.
-ennium A period of years.
eo- Early, primeval.
palae(o)- Ancient.
pali(n)- Again.
post- After in time or order.
pre- Prior to; before; earlier; in front of.
proto- Original or first; primitive or ancestral.
synchro- Synchronous.
ur- Primitive; original; earliest.
yester- Yesterday.
-zoic1
Relating to a given geological aeon or era.

Dictionary of affixes: Learn word roots and origins

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Dictionary of affixes: Learn word roots and origins