1. Obesity: A Scientific Update Presented by: Holly Shaffer, MS CHES February 2009

2. Obesity A national Trend- How Bad is It? 60% of Americans are overweight or obese. The risk of becoming obese if you are 30 years old today is 39% for women and 48% for men. Studies predict that based on current obesity rates, especially among youth and minorities, life expectancy in the US can be expected to decline! Fido and Fi Fi are not immune either. Our pets are are suffering the same ill effects of being overweight that we are.

3. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1986 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14%

4. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 1995 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19%

5. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2000 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% ≥20%

6. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2005 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

7. Obesity Trends* Among U.S. AdultsBRFSS, 2007 (*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person) No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% 25%–29% ≥30%

8. Extra Pounds and health Care Spending Obesity related illness have been responsible for a tenfold increase in private health insurance spending since 1987. Taking the frequency of obesity into account for a company with 1,000 employees obesity would cost about $285,000 a year (For Bentley that would be close to $900,000 a year!) It is estimated that treating an obese individual costs 1,244 more than treating a healthy –weight individual. In 1987, the cost difference was $272. Source: RTI International Health, Social, and Economics Research and the CDC, 2005

9. Not all Fat is created Equal Apple vs. Pear- Which is better? Why? Visceral Fat (fat around the middle) Held within the deep organs increases pro-inflammatory diseases like: CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) Depression/Bipolar Alzheimer's RA Hip to Waist Ratio Greater than 35 inches for a woman <.80 low risk <.85 Moderate risk Greater than 40 inches for a man <.90 low risk <1.0 moderate risk Waist to hip ratio is more important than BMI or body fat measure when it comes to estimating risk of heart disease due to obesity!

10. How Body Shape Influences Your Health Pears Apples Health Challenges: Heart disease, diabetes, breast cancer Diet strategy – High in complex carbohydrates, moderate in fats, moderate in protein Best exercise- Walk 30 minutes every day to burn apple-zone fat Health Challenges: Osteoporosis, varicose veins Diet strategy – Low in fat, high in complex carbohydrates, moderate in protein Best exercise- Resistance training 3 times a week to build bones Source: The Body Shape Solution to Weight Loss and Wellness: 2005

11. Food Addiction: Real or Imagined? Is it possible to be addicted to food? YES! The right cortex of the brain controls pleasure and motivation. Both cocaine and food cravings are linked with this cortex showing a common brain pathway for drug addiction, food cravings and hunger. Our brains can actually get “high” on highly-preferred foods usually high-sugar and high fat. Chocolate the Perfect Fix! *However drugs are far more powerfully addictive than food!

12. Factors that affect Our Desire to eat certain Foods Genes/jeans- obese parents = obese kids Food preferences (habits formed early in life usually by age 2) Learned eating patterns Social family influence Environmental cues Personality/Mood

13. How to Curb food Addictions Wait 15 minutes before you “give in” to your craving get busy and do something (walk, drink water, start a household chore, etc.) Find a food with characteristics you crave but less fat and sugar. Plan a controlled mini-binge; portion control is key- Remember the 3 Bite Rule.

14. Sleep Cycle linked to Overweight Studies show strong connection with lack of good quality sleep and weight gain. People who are sleep deprived have increased appetites and crave foods that are high in calories, fat and sugar. Over the past 40 years the amount of sleep Americans average each night has dropped by two hours from 8.5 to less than 7 hours per night. People who get less than 8 hours of sleep are 15% hungrier and are 15% more likely to over eat.

15. Breakfast- The Most Important Meal of the Day Approximately 20% of all US adults and 27% of young American women skip breakfast. Those who eat cereal/grains for breakfast have lower BMI’s than breakfast skippers or meat and egg eaters. Studies show that people who successfully lose weight and keep it off long term are routine breakfast eaters.

16. The French Connection Only 7 % of French adults are obese compared to 22% of Americans. The French consume more dietary fat, but fewer calories overall Portion sizes are considerably smaller. Restaurants in Philadelphia served meals that averaged 72% more food than those served in Parisian counterparts. Red Wine, in moderation, is also key.

17. Omega 3’s- Essential to our Diet Why Omega 3’s? At the cellular level makes all cell membranes more fluid and enables it to heal itself against free radicals Protects against various disease states including: Alzheimer's CAD Depression/Bipolar/Schizophrenia RA Osteoarthritis Allergy and asthma Helps brain development in babies and children Improves skin clarity and tone How Much? 1,000-4,000 mg per day. Bottom Line- EVERONE should make sure they get enough Omega 3 Bonus Question- Name a good food source of Omega 3’s?

18. Vitamin D- Good for More Than Strong Bones and Teeth Many emerging studies are pointing to Vitamin D’s ability to affect the genes and their receptors. 61% of adults and kids are deficient. Low levels of Vit. D have been linked to and can cause: MS, Parkinson’s, Type I and II diabetes, breast cancer, fibromyalgia, depression, and increased pain in the elderly Recommended we get 400 iu/day. In order to get the 100% daily dose we need two things. Food/sun exposure Supplments Can have a simple blood test to measure the inactive form in our bodies – 125 hydroxy D3

19. New Sciences are Emerging Epigentics- Exposure to nutrients in utero has long-term and substantial impact on our health later on in life. Nutragenomics-the nutrients we consume have positive and negative affects on our genes (turn them on or off, bind receptors or helps to free receptors).

20. “If you change the way you look at things. The things you look at will change” - Dr. Wayne Dire Questions?