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Comparitive
- 1. Comparitive History “Imperialism was a practice, colonialism was a state of mind” Joshua M. Holloway
- 2. Imperialism: U.K. vs. U.S. • While European empires had to go over seas and to distant lands to conquer more empires while America’s first empire was at hand— west of Missourri. • American had more of a continentalism rather than an imperialism. • Eventually, when mainland was mostly accounted for, America went across seas to “colonize” islands such as the Phillipines, Hawaii, Cuba, etc.
- 3. Imperialism: positivity • From Nineteenth century thought and terms, Imperialism is a beautiful thing. • Changing the culture of nations and tribesman more towards the conquerer’s preference was an honorable thing • Historical figures such as Chamberlain and Rosebury were proud to call themselves imperialists
- 4. Imperialism: New Science • There were orders of people, just as the order of animals, and social organization with some ruling others was natural • New Science of nineteenth century forms “objectivity”; to measure things and place. • Hair, skin color, race, etc. was now being measured and observed to place certain people in certain classes; to separate people due to differences.
- 5. Imperialism: relativity • Tribes—such as the Maori or Navajo— hadn’t called themselves what they’re known as today until the Europeans coined the phrases • Near-East, Far-East, and Middle-East were relative to European maps • Latin American became the portion of map where Spanish and Portuguese were spoken because Americans decided though even though French- Canadians considered themselves Latin.
- 6. Imperialism: granting independence (u.s.) • European powers gave no independence to colonies before WWII • U.S. realeased some from administrative embraces and gives some independence – Cuba: 1934 – Phillipines: 1945 – Puerto Rico: offered, but chose neither; unique common wealth.
- 7. Globalization: Modern American Empire • Political figures use phrases to suggest at, but not quite say, existence as an imperial empire; “sole super-power”, etc. • Historians—Robert Kaplan, Charles Krauthammer, Dinesh D’Souza—agree America is an empire • Kaplan: “future historians will look back on 21st-century U.S. as an empire and a Republic”
- 8. Globalization: Hegemony • Term originally used to describe Athens compared to other Greek-city states; they led but did not rule over • “hegemon’s dilemma”: U.S. faced the same obstacle the British seemed to have in 1914; whether to keep up(economically) via protectionist policies or stick to free-trade and risk decline • Problematic defining of “hegemony” and “empire” due to definition of “direct rule”
- 9. Globalization: • Seventy known empires throughout world history Empires • America believed to be 68th Empire • Communist China is 69th Empire • Some claim the European Union is the 70th Empire • America can be related to many past Empire in certain ways but differs. . .somehow
- 10. Globalization: Soft Power • Globalization is essentially American-centric; It helps that America trends are geared to multi-ethnic audiences which rest of world can relate to. • “Soft Power”: the ability to have dominance over others without force; entices others. • Some things America enforces, other countries simply can’t refuse but to copy; Secure FDA regulations, security and fraudulent laws, Internet governing, etc.
- 11. Globalization: Not For Everyone Globalization—worldwide networks of interdependence • :Does not imply universality, equity, or homogenization • Most people do not have telephones • Americans use the Internet most • Hundred Millions of people are peasants who have little to no connection with world markets & global flow of ideas • :Creates and increasingly large gap between people; between the Rich and the Poor