cotton as a fibre crop provides full information regarding a fibre crop its uses diseases and its contituents

1. Cotton as a fiber crop
Name –Hiteksha
Class- Msc botany
Roll no.- 09

2. Classification
0 Kingdom : Plantae
0 Order : Malvales
0 Family : Malvaceae
0 Sub family : Malvoideae
0 Tribe : Gossypieae
0 Genus : Gossypium

3. Outline:-
0 Introduction
0 Origin and evolution
0 Varieties
0 Life cycle ( fiber to fabrics)
0 Processing
0 Diseases
0 Utilization

4. Introduction
0 Cotton is a natural fiber, it is a
prolongation of epidermal cells of
the seed coat.
0 It is a soft, fluffy ,staple fiber that
grows in a ball or protective capsule
around the seed of cotton plant of
the genus Gossypium.
0 It is also called king of fibers which
is white in color.
0 This is a shrub native to tropical
and subtropical areas around the
world including America, Africa &
India.

5. Morphology of the plant
0 Cotton is a perennial shrub attaining a height of 1 -2 meter.
0 The leaves are simple and palmately lobed where Stipules are free
lateral.
0 The flowers are solitary, axillary, regular and bisexual and are large and
showy with yellow corolla .
0 Sepals are persistent.
0 The corolla has five petals with monadelphous , epipetalous stamens.
0 The gynoecium is pentacarpellary with a superior ovary and axile
placentation.
0 The fruit is a locullicidal capsule. It is commonly called as cotton ball.
0 In India it is mainly a kharif crop, Sowing is done in June or July.
0 It is grown in a variety of soils such as Indo gangetic alluvium , black
cotton soil , and lateritic soil containing a good proportion of humus.

6. History & origin
0Cotton is the most important and oldest fiber of the
world. The existence of cotton is found in Rig Veda
written around 1500 BC. India remained the chief
producer of cotton until 1500 BC.
0The earliest evidence of cotton use in the Indian
subcontinent has been found at the site of Mehrgarh
and Rakhigarhi (Haryana)where cotton threads have
been found preserved in copper beads(b/w 6000-
5000BC).
0 Cotton cultivation in the region is dated to the Indus Valley
Civilization which covered parts of Eastern Pakistan and
Northwestern India between 3000-1000 BC.

7. Evolution of cotton:-
0 Out of about 50 species of genus Gossypium, the word 'cotton'
refer to only 4 species are cultivated and are used for spinable
fibers rest 46 species distributed world-wide in tropical and sub-
subtropical regions are designated as wild species.
0 These wild species are important source of functional traits such
as fiber properties, resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and
cytoplasmic male sterility which can be utilized for improvement
of cultivated species through introgressive breeding.
0 Out of 50 species, 43 diploid species (with 2n = 26) have been
grouped into seven genome from A to G, whereas rest of the 7
tetraploid species (with 2n =52) have been designated into other
genome

8. Four cultivated Varieties of
cotton
Gossypium hirsutum– upland cotton, native to Central
America, Mexico, the Caribbean and southern Florida (90% of
world production)
0 Gossypium barbadense– known as extra-long staple cotton,
native to tropical South America (8% of world production)
0 Gossypium arboreum– tree cotton, native to India and
Pakistan (less than 2%)
0 Gossypium herbaceum– Levant cotton, native to southern
Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (less than 2%)

9. Life cycle of cotton plant

10. Processing of cotton
0 .
Ginning baling picking
carding
combingDrawing/drafting

11. CHARACTERISTICS OF COTTON
FIBERS
0 Cotton fibers are epidermal hairs present on the seed coat.
0 The mature cotton fiber is translucent with collapsed
hollow tube.
0 The primary wall of the cotton fiber is thin , elastic and
coated with chitin.
0 The secondary thickenings are in the form of concentric
rings.
0 The raw cotton contains 94% cellulose , 3% proteins , 0.9%
pectin , 0.6 % ,wax- 0.3% ,sugars and 1-2% ash.
0 Now they are classified on the basis of their length as long
fibre , intermediate and short fibers.

12. Cotton Plant Parts & Utilization
0 Root Drugs
0 Stem Bast fiber, Paper pulp
0 Leaves Fodder
0 Fiber: Lint Clothing, household, industrial fibers
0 Fuzz/linter Cellulose pulp, Making rayon, Filling stuff
0 Seed: Oil Used as food and non food purposes
0 Meal or cake Livestock feed, Fertilizer
0 Hull Fiber board, Roughage material

13. General uses of cotton
0 Cloth , tyre fabrics , various forms of threads.
0 Mercerized cotton is obtained by treating cotton fibers
with caustic soda.
0 Absorbant cotton is produced after removing the chitin
layer of the fibers.It is used in hospitals , rayon industry ,
explosive factories etc.
0 Cotton is used extensively for stuffing
0 Cotton seed is rich in Vitamin B complex and proteins.
0 Cotton oil is used in culinary.
0 The oil cake is an fertilizer and cattle feed.