The Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf(CBTL), Business strategy case study
Organizational life cycle finalize (1)
1. DCE 5632 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AND DEVELOPMENT FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF PROFESSIONAL ADVANCEMENT AND CONTINUING EDUCATION INSTRUCTOR: Dr. Khairuddin Idris PRESENTERS: Noor Ezam Bt Ashari Nazhrah Hayati Bt. Mohd Zain Mardhiah Bt Mat Jusoh ORGANIZATION LIFE-CYCLE : PHASES IN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT PRACTICES
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices OLC – CHART/DIAGRAM Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education There are a variety of findings when it comes to the number of stages of the organizational life-cycle. Figure 2: 4 stages of Organizational Life Cycle
8. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices OLC – CHART/DIAGRAM Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Figure xx: Critical points in Organizational Life-Cycle Figure xx: Classic Organizational Life-Cycle Chart
9.
10.
11. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices GROWTH (EXPANSION) STAGE – cont. Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Source: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_87.htm
12. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices GROWTH (EXPANSION) STAGE – cont. Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Source: http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_87.htm
13.
14.
15.
16. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices DECLINE STAGE (cont.) Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Figure 3: Organization birth, growth and decline stages
17.
18.
19.
20.
21. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices DECLINE STAGE (cont.) Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Figure 4: Weitzel and Jonsson’s Model of Organizational Decline Copyright 2007 Prentice Hall
22.
23. Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices REFERENCES Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Gibson, James L, John M. Ivancevich, and James H. Donnelly, Jr. Organizations: Behavior, Structure, Processes. Irwin, 1994 http://webuildpeople.ag.org/wbp_library/9608_organization_lifecycl.cfm
Editor's Notes
Expansion (GROWTH) The organization emerges from entrepreneurial stage if it succeeds in its initial goal of product creation and had secured finance and perhaps few customers. It then enters the commercialization stage where it has to build the product in larger quantities, reach wider customers and become a profitable venture. Leadership focus is on making the product work well and to increase the sales and revenue. The organization size needs to grow since it needs more resources for larger production and sales. While a consistent growth in core functionality continues, additional growth occurs in sales and marketing . The culture gets inclined towards market culture since external environment is for the time being stable, the entrepreneurial success provides some buffer time before competition emerges on the horizon. Organization structure starts its initial shift towards being more hierarchical ; the founder is incapable for managing everything and starts delegating tasks to his subordinates creating management hierarchies. Since the expansion is particularly in R&D and sales, the supporting staff is still minimal; the organization adopts a functional structure . The organizational growth brings in more specialist and subordinates through hiring, it inadvertently creates a leadership crisis at the top level since the changed organization demands delegation of responsibility. All the initial founders and the individual technical leads need to part with their autonomous powers that they enjoyed during the entrepreneurial phase and learn to delegate decision making and perform the new task of coordination and team building. Middle management evolves and is responsible for operations while the top management focuses on business strategies. The management processes began to emerge in the activities related to production and control, though they are still not very well defined and are still flexible. Leadership challenge is to constantly scan the external environment for competition and hostility while it is so much focused on the growth.
The decline can occur after any growth stage, not necessarily after consolidation (growth)stage; also growth does not always lead to decline, there is also possibility of long period of stagnation. Stagnation can be defined as a state with no growth, fewer but dedicated customers, few competitors, a niche market or availability of abundant resources. Stagnation does not usually result in loss of revenues or downsizing.
A Model of decline stages Decline of an organization occurs in a series of observable and distinct stages, each exhibiting a reduced capability to counteract. The most acknowledged model of decline proposes that the organization goes through five stages of decline, before its final termination. Blinded Stage In this stage, the organization fails to recognize any of the internal or external changes that may threaten its survival. Usually, causes for the decline are present but are not evident; the leadership tends be insensitive and simply fails to make a connection between the observed changes and a possible decline. Most organizations lack a unit that performs the task of scanning both internal & external boundaries, partly due to additional cost and uncertain advantage. The mere concept of a stable environment is a myth and exists only as a theoretical concept; environment is stable only for short duration. Similarly the need for internal surveillance cannot be ignored; it includes regular performance reviews, employee satisfaction surveys, training and skill development, and most importantly an open communication mechanism to aid in vertical flow of information. The initial signs of decline are usually very much visible and known to the bottom of the organizational pyramid, but the information fails to propagate upwards to its leaders. Inaction Stage Unlike in blinded stage, the signs of deteriorating performance are clearly evident in this stage, but the leadership still fails to take any action. Leaders often view them as temporary changes and instead of interpreting them as a threat, they choose to take `wait and see’ approach, perhaps because this approach has worked in the past. The past successful approaches fail when the current situations are very different, however the leaders always have tendency to follow the planned course and suppress any dissident opinions. Finally, the aging leadership might simply lack the knowledge and insight to comprehend the influence of the changing conditions. Faulty Action Stage In this stage, the organization is clearly on its downfall and pressure to take corrective action is very high. The vertical and horizontal information from within the organization and the external environment increases manifolds along with its complexity. The overload of conflicting information & suggestive actions, combined with time pressure, compels the leadership to centralized decision making and they tend to create a biased task force. However, due to high pressure, the decision makers tends to make quick, risky and often fault decisions, that further accelerates the decline. This further reduces the confidence in leadership and many talented employees might end up leaving the organization in anticipation of its fall. Some of the prescribed cure include introduction of new leadership, diversification of core business either though self development or acquisitions and disinvestment in failing product lines. Crisis Stage The organization reaches a crisis stage when all prior actions have failed and it becomes obvious that without any major change, its survival is questionable. All the stakeholders, including customers, investors, suppliers and employees begin to distance themselves from the organization and have lost faith in it. At this stage, the organization requires a massive structural change, a new strategy to deal with the external environment and a new ideology to revitalize the ailing organization. Dissolution Stage This is the last stage of its demise and is irreversible; it is marked by depletion of its finance, diminished market for its products and exodus of its talented employees. The new leadership and the strategy had failed to revive the business and now their responsibility lies in proper dissolution of the organization and its resources.
![Organizational Life Cycle : Phases in Organizational Development Practices INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE-CYCLE Faculty of Educational Study Department of Professional Advancement and Continuing Education Organizational Life Cycle Human Life Cycle ,[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)