Using email surveys rather than postal surveys resulted in lower response rates but lower costs for a local government organization. Email surveys in 2010 received over 16,000 invites but only a 11% response rate compared to a 27% response rate for postal surveys in 2009 sent to 3,500 people. Factors like incorrect addresses, spam filters, and indifference affected response rates for email surveys. Respondents in older age groups were more likely to respond to both email and postal surveys.