Presentation by Corey Arvizu, CPA at HeinfeldMeech 2017 State & Local Governmental Conference on 1/19/17 - includes updates on GASB, Uniform Guidance, Yellow Book, and AICPA Code of Professional Conduct
3. Pension Accounting and Reporting
GASB No. 68
How do we treat additional employer contributions (those in-excess of statutory
requirements)?
• Contributions are irrevocable and should be recognized in the period made
• May need to adjust note disclosures or required supplementary information
schedules
What are nonemployer contributions and should these contributions be
recognized?
• Nonemployer contributions are made by an entity other than the employer
(i.e. fire insurance premium tax, State contribution to the EORP)
• These contributions should be recognized in the period made
Restoring of covered payroll for RSI reporting to prior definition that
included only “pensionable salary”
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4. Fair Value Measurement
GASB No. 72
The statement addresses
accounting and financial reporting
issues related to fair value
measurements; it defines fair value
as the price that would be received
to sell an asset or paid to transfer a
liability in an orderly transaction
between market participants at the
measurement date. It also provides
guidance for determining a fair
value measurement for financial
reporting purposes.
Fair Value
Level
3
Level
2
Level
1
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5. Fair Value Measurement
GASB No. 72
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Fair Value Categories
Level 1: quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical
assets or liabilities
Level 2: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted
prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not
active, or other than quoted prices that are observable
Level 3: unobservable inputs
6. Fair Value Measurement
GASB No. 72
Investments not measured at fair value include the following:
• Money market investments
• External investment pools (2a7-like)
• Investments in life insurance contracts
• Common stock meeting the criteria for the equity method
• Unallocated insurance contracts
• Synthetic guaranteed investment contracts
Additional note: a government is permitted in certain
circumstances to establish the fair value of an investment that
does not have a readily determinable fair value by using the net
asset value per share (or its equivalent) of the investment
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8. Financial Reporting for OPEB Plans
GASB Statements No. 74 and 75
The statements replace prior statements for OPEB plans
The scope of the statements include OPEB plans administered
through trusts that meet the following criteria: irrevocable,
dedicated to benefits, legally protected
The statements also include OPEB plans not administered
through trusts and defined contribution OPEB plans
Effective fiscal year 2017 for plans, fiscal year 2018 for
employers
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9. Financial Reporting for OPEB Plans
GASB Statements No. 74 and 75
Measurement of the Net OPEB Liability
• Total OPEB liability less the OPEB plan’s fiduciary net position
• Total OPEB liability valuation requires the use of an actuary; except, if a plan has
fewer than 100 members (active and inactive) – an alternative measurement
calculation is available
• Actuarial valuation or calculations required every two year (every year
encouraged)
• If a valuation or calculation of the total OPEB liability is not performed on the
plan’s fiscal year then, then a roll-forward is required (no more than 24 months
prior)
• All assumptions for the determination of the total pension liability are generally
required to be in conformity with the guidance in the Actuarial Standards of
Practice
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10. Financial Reporting for OPEB Plans
GASB Statements No. 74 and 75
Notes to Financial Statements
Single/Agent
Employer
Cost-Sharing
Employer
OPEB Plan Description
Information About the Net OPEB Liability:
-Assumptions and Other Inputs
-OPEB Plan’s Fiduciary Net Position
-Changes in the Net OPEB Liability
-Proportionate Share of Collective Net OPEB Liability
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Required Supplementary Information
Schedule of Changes in Net OPEB Liability and Related Ratios
Schedule of Contributions
Schedule of Proportionate Share of the Net OPEB Liability
11. Financial Reporting for OPEB Plans
GASB Statements No. 74 and 75
What happens if there is not a trust?
• Accumulated assets for OPEB purposes are required to be
reported as assets of the employer, commonly as agency fund
• Assets in excess of liabilities for benefits due to plan members, as
well as accrued investment and administrative expense, is
required to be reported as a liability to the participating employer
• An approach similar to plans with a trust related to measurement
of OPEB liabilities, expense, and DIR/DOR is required
• Similar note disclosures and RSI is required
• No OPEB plan assets are incorporated
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12. Financial Reporting for OPEB Plans
GASB Statements No. 74 and 75
Other considerations
• Defined contribution plans recognize expense for the amount
of contributions to employees’ accounts
• ASRS, PSPRS and single-employer plans, if applicable, will
have required OPEB NPL reporting and note disclosure
requirements
• Note disclosures similar to pensions with OPEB also
requiring a health care cost trend rate sensitivity disclosure
• Enter into discussions with single-employer plan actuaries
soon to ensure reporting timelines are met
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13. Tax Abatement Disclosures
GASB Statement No. 77
The statement requires governments that entered into tax abatement agreements
to disclose the following information about the agreements
• Brief descriptive information, such as the tax being abated, the authority under which
tax abatements are provided, eligibility criteria, the mechanism by which taxes are
abated, provisions for recapturing abated taxes, and the types of commitments made
by tax abatement receipts
• The gross dollar amount of taxes abated during the period
• Commitments made by the government, other than to abate taxes, as part of a tax
abatement agreement
Additionally, the disclosures should be organized by major tax abatement
program and may disclose information for individual tax abatement agreements
within those programs
Effective fiscal year 2018
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14. Tax Abatement Disclosures
GASB Statement No. 77
Brief Descriptive
Information
Gov’t’s Own
Abatements
Other
Gov’t’s
Abatements
Name of government
Tax being abated
Name of program
Purpose of program
Authority to abate taxes
Eligibility criteria
Abatement mechanism
Recapture provisions
Types of recipient
commitments
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Other Disclosures
Gov’t’s Own
Abatements
Other
Gov’t’s
Abatements
Dollar amount of taxes
abated
Amounts received or
receivable from other
governments associated
with abated taxes
Other commitments by
the government
Quantitative threshold
for individual disclosure
Information omitted
due to legal prohibitions
17. Blending Requirements for Component Units
GASB Statement No. 80
The statement amends the blending requirements for
the financial statement presentation of component units
of all state and local governments. The additional
criterion requires blending of a component unit
incorporated as a not-for-profit corporation in which the
primary government is the sole corporate member. The
additional criterion does not apply to component
units included in the financial reporting entity
pursuant to the provisions of Statement No. 39
Effective fiscal year 2017
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18. Irrevocable Split-Interest Agreements
GASB Statement No. 81
The statement requires that a government that receives funds through an
irrevocable split-interest agreement recognize related assets, liabilities,
and deferred inflows of resources at the inception of the agreement.
Additionally, the statement requires that revenues are recognized when the
resources become applicable to the reporting period
The statement also requires that a government recognize assets
representing its beneficial interest in irrevocable split-interest agreement
when they are administered by a third party (if the government controls the
present service capacity of the beneficial interests
Effective for fiscal year 2018
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19. Lease Accounting
Will effectively eliminate the distinction between capital
and operating leases
Leases will create a new intangible asset
Leases with terms less than 12 months will recognize
expenses based on contract terms
FASB and international standards have made similar
changes
Final pronouncement likely to be issued prior to summer
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21. Fiduciary Activities
The term “Custodial Funds” will replace “Agency Funds”
All fiduciary funds to be reported in the Statement of
Changes in Fiduciary Net Position
Any administrative or direct financial involvement of the
assets will result in the reporting of the activity as a
governmental fund (or business-type activity)
• Administrative or direct financial involvement includes
maintaining checkbook, reconciliation of account,
expenditure compliance determination, etc.
• I.e. most all student activities funds will now be reported as a
governmental fund
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23. Financial Reporting Model Improvements
Invitation to Comment
Three proposed approaches:
• Near-term approach – focus on activity within 90 days of
year-end
• Short-term approach – focus on activity with 12 months of
year-end
• Long-term approach – effectively accrual accounting that
excludes capital assets and capital-related debt
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24. Financial Reporting Model Improvements
Invitation to Comment
All three would exclude capital assets and capital-
related debt
All three approaches would require a same-page
reconciliation to the government-wide statements
Short-term and long-term approaches would require a
statement of cash flows
Budgetary comparison to original budget may be
required
Comments on ITC due March 31, 2017
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26. Audit Requirements
Key differences from current requirements
• Increases audit threshold from $500,000 to $750,000
• Type A/B threshold – minimum increases from $300,000 to $750,000
• Less flexibility with high-risk Type A program criteria
• Percentage of coverage from 50/25% to 40/20%
• Low-risk auditee criteria less restrictive
• Schedule of expenditures of federal awards changes
• Audit findings (threshold from $10,000 to $25,000)
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27. Audit Findings
Increases the threshold for reporting known and likely
questioned costs from $10,000 to $25,000
Requires identification of whether audit finding is a
repeat from the immediately prior audit and if so the
prior year audit finding number
Provides that audit finding numbers be in the format
prescribed by the data collection form, i.e. 2017-001
Status of prior year “Yellow Book” findings now required
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28. Small Purchases Procurements
Small purchases are procurements using Federal funds
between $3,000 and $150,000
Federal guidelines do require competitive procurement
methods
Intended to be relatively simple and informal
Quotations required from more than one source
Sources may be online search, public websites, phone
quotation, etc.
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29. Other Procurement Considerations
Must maintain written standards of conduct covering conflicts of interest
with respect to employees engaged in the selection, award, and
administration of contracts, including disciplinary actions for violations
Definition of supplies revised to include computer equipment with an
acquisition cost of less than $5,000
Contracting with small and minority business, women’s business
enterprises and labor surplus area firms
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30. Uniform Guidance” has replaced “OMB Circular A-133” in single
audit reports
The SEFA must include a note as to whether or not the entity used
the 10% de minimis indirect cost rate
SEFA must report amount paid to subrecipients on face of schedule
Time and effort changes intended to reduce administrative burden
Specific guidance provided on Corrective Action Plan
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Uniform Guidance Changes
32. When Does the Yellow Book Apply?
When required (i.e. law, regulation, contract)
• HUD Audit Guide, US Dept. of Education Audit Guide
• Increased application to For-Profit entities
Usually participation in federal programs (i.e. single
audit)
Most governmental performance audits
Voluntary election by the auditee
Updated revision of Yellow Book expected to be
released as an exposure draft in next month
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33. Additional Yellow Book Requirements
Additional audit report
• Internal control over financial reporting
• Report on compliance
Additional independence documentation
Auditor competence and CPE
Additional considerations for material noncompliance
Considerations for abuse of funds
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35. Yellow Book Findings Format
Elements of the finding
• Criteria – what should we have seen?
• Condition – what did we see?
• Cause – why did we see what we saw?
• Effect – what is the result of what we saw?
Views of responsible officials
Recommendations
Status for prior year Yellow Book findings now
required for Single Audits
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37. Revised Code of Professional Conduct
Two New Conceptual Frameworks
Structure
• Preface
• Part 1: Members in public practice (includes independence)
• Part 2: Members in business
• Part 3: All Other Members
New Numbering Format
• Appendix D to Code is a mapping document to the prior code
citations
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38. Code of Conduct - Members in Business
Prohibits a member from knowingly misrepresenting facts or subordinating his or
her judgment
Requires a member to be candid and not knowingly misrepresent facts when
dealing with an external accountant
Requires a member to have the knowledge required to perform duties and perform
additional research or seek consultation when needed
Requires a member to correct an entity’s financial statements that are materially
false or misleading
Requires a member to comply with regulations regarding the timely filing of
personal tax returns
Must maintain confidentially of employer’s records and may not use confidential
information as a result of prior employment to his or her personal advantage or
advantage of a third party, such as a prospective employer
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39. Conflicts of Interest (COI)
Examples of Conflict of Interest for Members in Business
• Serving in a management or governance position for two employing organizations
and acquiring confidential information from one employing organization that could
be used by the member to the advantage or disadvantage of the other employing
organization
• Being responsible for selecting a vendor for the member’s employing organization
when the member or his or her immediate family member could benefit financially
from the transaction
• Serving in a governance capacity or influencing an employing organization that is
approving certain investments for the company in which one of those specific
investments will increase the value of the personal investment portfolio of the
member or his or her immediate family member
Steps outlined for addressing conflicts of interest
Identify COI, Evaluate COI, Disclose/Obtain Consent
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40. Online Platform
• Basic and Advanced Search
Capability
• Pop-ups
• Bookmarks
• Record Notes
• Hyperlinking
Available at aicpa.org
Online Code of Professional Conduct
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