bullying , causes , presentation , treatment

1. PSYCHOLOGY OF
BULLYING
BY HEBA ESSAWY

2. DEFINITION
Bullying is a distinctive pattern of deliberately harming and
humiliating others.
Durable behavioral style, largely because bullies get what they
want—at least at first.
Bullies are made, not born.
Happens at an early age.
(“Bullying, 2002).

3. TYPES OF BULLYING
1- Overt types
Physical
Verbal
2- Covert type

4. TYPES OF BULLYING
1. Physical bullying
makes up
30.5% of
school
bullying
Damaging
property.
Pushing
Hitting,
kicking,
Pinching

5. TYPES OF BULLYING
2. Verbal bullying
Verbal
abuse.
47% of
bullying in
school
intimidation.
Name
calling,
Insults.
Teasing.

6. TYPES OF BULLYING
• 3. Covert bullying
• Carried out behind the bullied person's back.
• Designed to harm someone's social reputation and/or
cause humiliation.
Includes:
* spreading rumours.
* negative facial or physical gestures, menacing looks.
* playing nasty jokes to embarrass and humiliate
• mimicking unkindly
* encouraging others to socially exclude someone
* damaging someone's social reputation or social
acceptance.

7. TYPES OF BULLYING
.4- Cyberbullying
• Overt or covert bullying behaviours using digital
technologies.
• Include
- Harassment via a mobile phone.
- Deliberately excluding someone from social
networking .

9. WHY DO PEOPLE BULLY?
The purpose of bullying is to hide inadequacy.
Bullying has nothing to do with managing ;
Good managers manage, bad managers bully.
Management is managing; bullying is not
managing.
• Anyone who chooses to bully is admitting their
inadequacy, and the extent to which a person
bullies is a measure of their inadequacy.
•
•
•
•

10. WHY DO PEOPLE BULLY?
• Bullies project their inadequacy on to others:
a) to avoid facing up to their inadequacy and doing
something about it.
b) to avoid accepting responsibility for their behaviour .
c) to reduce their fear of being seen for what they are,
namely a weak, inadequate and often incompetent
individuals.
d) to divert attention away from their inadequacy - in an
insecure or badly-managed workplace.
this is how inadequate, incompetent and aggressive
persons keep their places.

11. PERSONALITY TRAIT OF BULLY
• Unaccept responsibility for their behaviour
• Enjoy the benefits of living in the adult world,
but unaccept the prerequisite of adult world.
• Abdication and denial responsibility for their
behaviour and its consequences.
• Refuse to know any other way of behaving
• Unwilling to recognise that there could be
better ways of behaving.
• Bullying is obsessive and compulsive; the
serial bully has to have someone to bully and
appears to be unable to survive without a
current target.

12. PERSONALITY TRAIT OF BULLY
low self-confidence and low
self-esteem, and thus feel
insecure.
Inadequate to fulfil the duties
and obligations of their
position
fear being revealed.
This fear of exposure often
borders on paranoia.

13. PERSONALITY TRAIT OF BULLY
Bullies are seething with resentment, bitterness,
hatred and anger.
have prejudices as a vehicle for removal their
anger onto others.
Bullies are driven by jealousy and envy.
Rejection is a powerful motivator of bullying.

14. CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL
BULLYING
Victims suffer depression, anxiety, social isolation, and low self-esteem.
Victims turn to suicide or commit homicidal acts as a result of extreme
mental and social pressures.
Individuals bullied in childhood:
-
Emotional wounds into adulthood,
-
Leading to depression, social isolation.
-
Inability to react appropriately to situations.

15. HOW DO BULLIES SELECT THEIR
TARGETS?
• Self-deprecation, indecisiveness, and approval seeking
low assertiveness
• Need to feel valued
• Quick to apologise when accused, even if not guilty (this
is a useful technique for defusing an aggressive
customer)
• Perfectionism
• Highe- levels of dependency and guilt.
• always be reasonable
• High coping skills under stress.
• Internalise anger rather than express it

16. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
Harassment
Has a strong physical component, eg contact
and touch in all its forms, intrusion into personal
space and possessions,
Workplace bullying
Almost exclusively psychological (eg criticism),
may become physical later, especially with male
bullies, but almost never with female bullies
Although bullies are deeply prejudiced, sex, race
Harassment is usually linked to sex, race,
and gender play little part; it's usually
prejudice, discrimination, etc
discrimination on the basis of competence
Harassment may consist of a single incident or a Bullying is rarely a single incident and tends to be
few incidents or many incidents
an accumulation of many small incidents,
The person being bullied may not realise they are
The person who is being harassed knows almost
being bullied for weeks or months - until there's a
straight away they are being harassed
moment of enlightenment

17. HOW TO DEAL WITH BULLYING?
• Person should tell someone; a parent, teacher, or
counselor.
• Parents must take an active role in their child’s life
and safety.
• Parent must take steps to stop this behavior.

18. •

20. • Bullying is an inefficient way of working, resulting in
disenchantment, demoralisation, demotivation, disaffection, and
alienation. Bullies run dysfunctional and inefficient organisations;
staff turnover and sickness absence are high whilst morale,
productivity and profitability are low. Prosperity is illusory and such
organizations are a bad long-term investment. Projection and
denial are hallmarks of the serial bully.
• Bullying is present behind all forms of harassment, discrimination,
prejudice, abuse, persecution, conflict and violence. When the
bullying has a focus (eg race or gender) it is expressed as racial
prejudice or harassment, or sexual discrimination and harassment,
and so on. When the bullying lacks a focus (or the bully is aware
of the Sex Discrimination Act or the Race Relations Act), it comes
out as pure bullying; this is an opportunity to understand the
behaviours which underlie almost all reprehensible behavior. I
believe bullying is the single most important social issue of today.

25. • Bullying can consist of many different types of behaviors
• Physical bullying consists of any type of physical
violence, no matter how small. This type of bullying
makes up 30.5% of school bullying. (Time for Tolerance,
2008). This type of bullying can range from actually
beating of the victim or a simple action of sticking out
one’s foot and tripping someone. Another type of
bullying is verbal bullying. This type of bullying consists of
name calling, teasing, making fun of others, and threats
of violence. This type of bulling makes up 46.5% of
bullying incidents in school. (Time for Tolerance, 2008)

26. • Next is intimidation. This type of bullying occurs
when the victim is threatened in order for the bully
to get them to do what they want them to do such
as homework assignments or giving them money.

27. • most disturbing is cyber bullying. This type of bullying is
perhaps the most dangerous type of bullying as it can be
done anonymously. Cyber bullying can find many mediums
such as email, text messaging, and social networks such as
Face Book and MySpace. Here the bully can remain unknown
as they can create fake screen names and profiles. It makes it
easier to be a bully and to fall victim. Cyber bullying can
consist of threats of violence, verbal abuse, and spreading
false information for the purpose of embarrassing someone or
hurting their reputations. The Cyber Bullying Research Center
says that “We define cyberbullying [sic] as:
• "Cyberbullying [sic] is when someone repeatedly harasses,
mistreats, or makes fun of another person online or while using
cell phones or other electronic devices."(Cyberbullying
Research Center, 2011).

28. • Use of force to abuse or intimidate others.
• Be habitual and involve an imbalance of social or
physical power.
• Include verbal harassment or threat, physical
assault or coercion and may be directed
repeatedly towards particular victims, perhaps on
grounds of race, religion, gender, sexuality, or
ability.[2][3] If bullying is done by a group, it is called
mobbing.

29. • Emotional Bullying, clinically called relational
aggression, is the act of attacking someone’s
feelings and the relationships they have will other
people. Typical outlets for emotional bullying are
gossip, rumors and outright lies. Emotional bullying
happens in in person, on Facebook, via text or
email. And if you think only teenage girls engage in
such behavior, think again. There is evidence of it
as early as in grade school and it is rampant in the
workforce.

30. WHAT CAUSES PEOPLE TO BECOME
EMOTIONAL BULLIES?
•
Following parental example: children learn by example, so, if one or both of their parents uses
emotional bullying to get what they want, a child will learn to do the same. The behaviour tends
to become more prevalent during the teenage years as this is when a child starts trying to
behave like an adult.
•
Low self-esteem: people who do not value themselves will assume that other people do not
either and so not expect others to put themselves out for them willingly. Consequently, they feel
obliged to use coercion to get what they want. Obviously, if you have been emotionally bullied
by your parents, you will feel unloved and tend to have a low self-esteem.
•
Inherent unreasonableness: the self-centred who want everything their own way, but who are
intelligent enough to recognize (at least subconsciously) that this is unreasonable, will resort to
emotional bullying rather than asking for what they want. This way, they can delude themselves
that the target is giving in to their demands because it is what they want.
•
Fear of responsibility: people who feel that asking their target for what they want would make
them responsible for someone else’s actions may resort to emotional bullying in order to
circumvent a fear of responsibility. As above, if they don’t actually ask for what they want, they
can delude themselves that the target does everything because they want to.

31. • Social bullying is deliberate, repetitive and aggressive social
behavior intended to hurt others. This type of behavior
generally includes verbal abuse, gossip or other actions that
cause mental and emotional harm and social isolation for the
victim. Schools, sports activities, colleges, domestic and work
situations and neighborhoods are some of the places in which
this type of bullying occurs.
• The goal of social bullying is to belittle and harm another
individual or group. In middle school, for example, bullying
might take the shape of teasing unpopular children. Ridiculing
another child’s clothes, making fun of the way he speaks, and
mocking his academic achievements or his race or culture
are examples of behaviors that a bully might exhibit to gain
power over another child.

32. WHY BULLYING?
• Social bullying is generally caused by a
combination of factors. In almost all cases, the bully
lacks empathy for his targeted individual or group.
In some cases, he has learned this behavior from
observing others, or he may have been the victim
of bullying earlier in life. Jealousy is another cause,
whereby an individual feels threatened by the
characteristics or achievements of another
individual and engages in bullying as a way to feel
empowered and dominant.

33. • What is cyber bullying?
• Cyber bullying is the use of electronic media - especially
mobile phones and the internet - to intimidate, threaten or
upset someone.
• Cyber bullying can include:
• texting scary or rude messages by mobile phone
• sending unpleasant photographs by mobile phone
• using online message boards, chat rooms or social networking
sites to post cruel messages
• deleting the victim's name from or ignoring their messages on
social networking sites

34. • Research suggests that cyber bullying is common
among teenagers - at least one in five has been a
victim of it. The practice is becoming more
widespread.
• A major difference between cyber bullying and
other types of bullying is that the cyber bully can
follow your child into the house, even into his or her
bedroom. Another disturbing aspect of cyber
bullying is that the victim often feels there’s
nowhere to hide.