Dear Brothers and Sisters, Let's take care of the GOD given gifts to us. From the Heart, Fr. Heart, SVD

1. ORGANIC
FARMING
Gathering of Plants

2. ORGANIC FARMING
I. BIBLICAL & THEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND
“More than being just the planter and
reaper, man is the Steward of Creation”
1. “Subdue the earth…dominion over the
earth”… (Gen. 1:28)
2. It is not an absolute power or freedom to
“use and misuse” the natural world.
(Gen. 2:16-17)

3. 3. When it comes to the use of the
natural world, man is subject to both
physical/biological and moral laws…
(John Paul II, On Social Concern)
4. Man as a social being, that is the
responsibility for one’s actions extend to
the consequences those actions have on
other people… “No man is an island”

4. 5. Man has the right to live in a dignified
manner (befitting manner)
6. Development cannot ignore both the
needs of man and nature and the effects
of indiscriminate industrialization and
progress.

5. II. HISTORY OF FARMING
SYSTEM
In the PAST, 1950-1971, there were:
 No commercial fertilizers
 Compost fertilizers direct to the farm
 Organic fertilizers
 Manual systems of farming
 Abundance of fish/mud fish/eel
 Natural equipments like Carabao

6. In 1972 up to the present:
• Commercial fertilizers/pesticides are
used.
Effects are:
- Soil became acidic
- Spring water is contaminated
- There is less harvest
- More debts
- More sickness
• There is single cropping/cash crops.

7. POSSIBLE/ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION
 ORGANIC FARMING/NATURAL FARMING
- Recycling
- Using available resources as
fertilizers like grasses
- No hazardous chemicals
- Use of composted fertilizers
- Friendly environment
- Manageable

8. FOUNDERS OF ORGANICFOUNDERS OF ORGANIC
FARMINGFARMING
1. DARWIN CHARLES (1880) – Father of
Organic Farming
– Studied living organism in the soil and how the
relationship between soil and plants evolved.
– In every crop rotation you have to put organic
matter.
2. RODOLF STEINER (1920) – Founder of
Biodynamic Method of Farming
- Planting and harvesting coincide with
planetary lunar phases

9. 3. J.I. RODALE (1940) – (WW II) – Promoted the
importance of compost/believed that organic
gardening is good to human health and
environment.
– Chemical during war was found good to farming
but needed to stop so he promoted compost
farming due to human health is directly related to
soil itself.
4. MASANOBO FUKUOKA (1970) – developed a
farming method that maximizes natures’ benefits but
minimizes human work and effort.
TECHNIQUES:
1. Against tilling, weeding, cultivation, mulching
2. Just spread and let it grow and produce
product
3. No compost/fertilization (just the irony of
other founders)

10. 5. JOHN JEVONS (1970) – founder of Bio -
Intensive Method of Farming that involves
a total intensive way of living with the earth.
- Combined animal and vegetables
- How to preserve them
- Small farm unit (for family use)
6. BILL MOLLISON (1980) – developed the
Perma Culture Method - involves looking at how
one lives and integrates everything.
– Perma-Culture – Permanent Agriculture
– Technique: - Do planning/designing before doing
– Principle: - take care of the environment and do
not waste, we must be careful for a healthy and
happy generation.

11. ORGANIC FARMING
- A production system that avoids or largely
excludes the use of synthetically compounded
fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators and
livestock feed additives. To the maximum
extent feasible, organic farming systems rely
upon crop rotation, crop residue, animal
manures, legumes, green manures, off-farm
organic wastes, mechanical cultivation, and
mineral bearing rocks. It also relies on
aspects of biological pest control to maintain
soil productivity and tithe, to supply plant
nutrients and to control insects, weeds and
other pests.

12. WHY DO PEOPLE CHOOSE ORGANIC
FARMING AND BUY ORGANIC PRODUCTS?
1. They want to be good stewards of the
environment.
2. They are concerned about pollution of air,
water and soil.
3. They care for the health of the family and
community (Moral Act)
4. Chemicals destroy life.
5. Tending organic garden connects them with
the soil and makes them feel closer to the
nature.

13. HOW DOES THE ORGANIC METHOD WORK?
 Natural ecosystems make their own fertilizer.
 Natures’ cycle of growth and decay is
continouos.
 Some insects eat plants but predators and
parasites keep their number in check. So
there is no need for synthetic pesticides.
 Nature allows some damage. (In the law of
nature, there is balance)
 When organic farmers intervene- they choose
control tactics that have little impact on the
natural system.

14. NEEDS OF A HEALTHY PLANT
1. Fresh air
2. Complete mineral nutrient (soil)
3. Clean water
4. Plenty of sunlight (At least 6 hrs of sun)
 Less sunlight weakens the plants
and does not produce products.
5. Mechanical support when needed

15. SOIL
– Is able to provide most of what the plants need.
– A healthy soil is the key to organic farming.
– The soil is where our foods come from (not from
the market)
TYPES OF SOIL:
1. Clay
2. Clay loam IDEAL SOIL PROFILE
3. Sandy loam - Fresh organic matter(1st layer)
4. Sand - Topsoil (2nd layer)
- Fine rock pieces (3rd layer)
- Largest rock pieces (4th layer)

16. Test in Analyzing Soil
 Soil must have earthworms (the small
ones)- surface earthworms for healthy soil
 Enough sand
 Enough clay (less)
 Enough crumbs (black)
“Soil fertility is the basis of the public health
system of the future”.
(Sir Albert Howard)

17. MICRO ORGANISMS AND LIVING
CREATURES IN THE SOIL
 Good Bacteria – lives in oxygen and
easily dies with spray (synthetic
pesticides/fertilizers).
 Bad Bacteria – does not live; lives in the
dark.
- Does not die with spray
- Solution: spray microbes (enzymes)
in the soil

18. MICRO ORGANISM – ENZYMES
 IMO – Indigenous Micro-Organism
 NEM – Nature Effective Micro-Organism
 EM/EMO – Effective Micro-Organism
USES/FUNCTIONS
1. For decomposing
2. Anti-biotic
3. Deodorant
4. Fertilizer

19. DECOMPOSER
Materials:
• Organic rice – non
commercial/commercial rice
• Kamoteng kahoy
• Banana (dippig)
• Sweet potatoes
• Bamboo/Wooden box
• Bond paper/manila paper/banana leaves
• Straw/string

20. Procedures:
1. Cook rice and let it cool.
2. Place it in a bamboo or wooden box,
cover with bond/manila paper or banana
leaves and tie with straw/string in both
ends.
3. Put it in an uncontaminated place; it could
be under the bamboo tree by digging 6”
deep in the soil then put the bamboo cover
with rotten leaves then cover with topsoil.
4. After 5 days, retrieve the bamboo then
remove or segregate the black molds.
5. Put it in a plate then weigh it.

21. 6. For every kilogram of NEM, add crude brown
sugar/mascuvado/molasses of its equivalent
weight. (1 kg NEM = 1 kg brown
sugar/mascuvado)
7. Put it in a plastic not in a bottle then put it in
a shaded and moderately temperatured place
for at least 7 to 14 days; this will yield a mud
like juice.
8. If the yield IMO is so sticky, add more sugar.
* Sugar/mascuvado/mollassess – food of
Micro-organisms
* NEM/IMO life span: 2 - 3 years

22. Extract Micro Organism/Activated EM
 For every 200cc of IMO/NEM, add 100
liters of potable water in a plastic
container.
 Add 3 kgs of brown sugar/mascuvado
 Mix the 200 cc IMO, water and sugar then
cover with a manila paper or banana
leaves and leave it for 21 days untouched.
 After 21 days, collect and bottle in a
plastic (coke plastic bottle, etc.)

23. USES OF EXTRACT MICRO-
ORGANISM
 Decomposer – Bio-Organic Fertilizer (BOF)
 Deodorant – pig/chicken pen
 Anti-biotic – animals (2 teaspoons – 1 liter of
water 2x a day)
 Fertilizer –plants
RATIO: For every 1 liter of Extract Micro-
Organism, add 100 liters of potable water.

24. BIO-ORGANIC FERTILIZER
Materials: (Alternative 1)
 Animal manure – cow/carabao, goat (at least
60%)
 Others (40%)
- Garame/dayame
- Green leaves (sun flower, azulla, ipil-ipil)
- Shells
- Pulverized charcoal/kuntan(rice hull)
 Extract Micro-Organism = Ratio: 1 liter Extract
Micro-Organism: 100 liters of water

25. Procedure/Process:
• For every layer, wet then sprinkle it with Extract Micro-
organism
• Dayami/garami – 2” thick with Extract Micro-organism
• Animal Manure –2” thick with Extract Micro-organism
• Kuntan/rice hull (cooked and pulverized) –
“pagwaris/pagwarsi”
• Shell (cooked and pulverized) – “pagwaris/pagwarsi”
• Green Leaves – 2” thick with Extract Micro-Organism
Curing period – 30 days (minimum) before packing
For every 1.5m x 6m x 5 layers can produce 35-40
sacks of 50 kgs BOF

26. • Green leaves - (2” thick) with IMO
Extract Shell (cooked and pulverized)
Kuntan/rice hull (cooked and pulverized)
Animal manure (2” thick) with IMO
Extract Garami (2” thick) with IMO Extract
Figure 1- 1 layer
*Kuntan – Korean Technology
Carbonized hull – conditioner for soil
Microorganism house/shelter

27. Alternative 2 (Composting)Alternative 2 (Composting)
(Master’s Garden)(Master’s Garden)
COMPOSTING- is normally
discovered through accident by early
(ages) Indians.
a) GARDEN COMPOST (best alternative)
Materials/Equipments:
– Shredder (bolo if no shredder)
– Raw materials (green materials such
as sunflower, cogon grass, etc.)
– Spading fork or shovel

28. Procedure:
1. Mix the shredded green materials with
activated EM by spraying using the 16
liters knapsack spray can with a ratio of:
for every 250 ml of Activated EM, mix with
16 liters of potable water.
2. Mix it everyday the shredded materials
mixed with EM. Within 36 hrs, it can reach
170 degrees farenheight in temperature. It
can cook any hard and bad bacteria what
will be left will be the good bacteria.
3. Do it for at least 11 days if compost tea is
mixed and 14 days if w/o compost tea.

29. b) KITCHEN COMPOST – Kitchen waste (rich in
nitrogen); it should be balanced with carbon
(brown materials).
c) MANURE COMPOST – animal wastes, except
cat and dog wastes, mix with EM to compost
properly (high nitrogen if mixed with brown
materials).
d) SPECIAL COMPOST – for special plants
Ex. Blue berries/flowers –mostly like acid soil
– Pine needle (30-50%) in ratio to compost.
e) GARBAGE COMPOST- Municipal Compost
Waste
*Battery (high in lead – poisonous) not
advisable for use in food production.

30. • COMPOST SITE – Can be everywhere and must be
in a concrete floor as not to waste the richness of
fertilizer to be composted. Must be shaded
overhead and the site could be only in an open area
if sun is out and no rain.
• Should Chemical be used in the Composting
Process? – Yes in some cases (by adding urea
when the compost is already dry and brown and no
presence of nitrogen). But in some cases farmers
do not.
Nitrogen – component of all protein. (Use to
degrade materials).
Carbon – food for digestion of materials.
(Carbohydrates).
Low Cost Compost Builders – hair of man is 15%
nitrogen similar to feathers of chicken.
Calcium – Shell (egg shell)
• RIPENED COMPOST - fined material compost

31. • COMPOST TEA – liquid form digested materials
(more superior than manure tea).
• MANURE TEA – lighter than compost tea.
*Use to water the plants (Booster).
How to make Compost Tea:
Put water 2/3 full into a container then add 1/3 full of
compost/manure then mix and put it aside for a while
for seven (7) days.
• How to Use:
– Put 2/3 of water or any quantity and mix an amount
to make a color like Lipton tea which is for
drinking.
– Spray in the morning but wet first the soil before
spraying or sprinkling.
• *Note: Plants concentrate in getting food during
daytime and growing at nighttime. Always water
plants in the morning and not in the afternoon to
avoid attack of fungus due to wetness.

32. PAKUSOT (FOR PIG AND CHICKEN PEN)
Materials:
 Saw dust
 Topsoil/Bio-Organic Fertilizer (BOF)
 Charcoal
 IMO extract
* For every 10 sacks of sawdust: 2 sacks
of BOF/Topsoil and at least 1% of
charcoal

33. Process = mix sawdust with BOF/topsoil and
charcoal while sprinkling with IMO
extract/activated EM until desired moisture
content is attained.
Fermentation Period = 14 days before putting
into pigpen for a height of at least 40 cm.

34. FERMENTED FEEDS
Materials: (For equivalent of 50 kgs feeds)
 20 kgs – kangkong or ipil-ipil (chopped)
 5 kgs – camote tops (chopped)
 5 kgs – banana trunk (chopped)
 5kgs – corn bran
 2 kgs – rice bran
 2 kgs – DI rice bran (“muting”)
 ¼ kg – molasses/mascuvado/brown sugar
 6 liters – “arasaw ti bagas”
 ½ liter – IMO Extract

35. Process:
 Mix all materials then put into plastic
container well covered with manila
paper and leave it untouched for 4
days.
 Fermentation Period = 3 – 4 days
before using in a normal way of feeding
your pig.

36. BOTANICAL PESTICIDE
Materials:
 3 kgs of
pandan/carrot/sayote/makabuhay
 3 kgs Mascuvado
 2 regular bottles of beer
 1 liter IMO extract
Fermentation = 14 days
Ratio - 10 knapsack caps: 16 liters of
water, mix then spray.

37. FUNGICIDE/ANTI-BIOTIC
Materials:
• 1 kg bawang/laya
• 1 kg Mascuvado
• ½ liter IMO extract
Fermentation: 14 days
FUNGICIDE ANTI-BIOTIC
10 Tablespoons 5 Tablespoons
1 liter of water 1 liter of water
Process: mix and spray serve 2x a day

38. Reasons Why You Should Never
Ever Use Chemicals Again
1. Pesticides travel and have contaminated
even the most remote regions of the
world; they smell really bad.
2. Up to 20 % of the chemicals you buy
legally include heavy metals like lead,
dioxin and arsenic which are very toxic and
poisonous.
3. Chemical fertilizers add nutrients to the
soil but they don’t add anything else. The
soil structure weakens and it can’t hold
itself together and it starts to erode and
collapse.

39. 4. It can kill the bad and good bugs, the birds
and bees. Without bee pollination there would
be fewer fruits and vegetables.
5. The more you use, the more you need to use
just like a junkie.
6. They can make your family, your pets, you and
wildlife sick.
7. Buying chemical fertilizers and pesticides
support huge corporations who spend millions
of dollar, lobbying to try surpassing research
that shows how bad the stuff really is. And
they go and sell millions of dollar worth of
DDT to third world countries where it is still
legal.

40.  Pesticides are harmful and poisonous to
humans and can lead to death.
 Pesticides are hazardous to apply and
harmful to the environment.
 Pesticides contaminate the area of
contact and other nearby areas.
 Pesticides kill animals.
 Pesticides kill plants.
 Pesticides create resistance and multiply.
 Pesticides kill beneficial insecticide.
 Pesticides do not increase yield or
production.

41. Alternative Pest/Insect Control
A. CULTURAL METHOD OF PEST CONTROL
1. Good Soil Preparation
2. Use of indigenous variety
3. Pest control using mesh screen (nylon knots)
4. Roquing or pruning
5. Intercropping with aromatic herbs
6. Companion planting
7. Encouraging insect predators
8. Multiple cropping
9. Crop rotation

42. B. BIOLOGICAL PEST CONTROL
= Suppression of pest populations by living
organisms such as predators, parasites and
pathogens. These agents are responsible for
keeping pests under control most of the time.
C. BOTANICAL PEST CONTROL-NATURAL
INSECT REPELLANTS
= Is the method of using plant juices/plant
extracts/essential oils in the management of
pest population.

43. “Every part of the ecosystem on earth
depends on the green life support
apparatus of its survival as a whole”.
(by: Anthony Luxey)
“In the end, there is really nothing
more important than taking care of
the earth and letting it care for
you”.

44. WE BELONG TO THE ENVIRONMENT;WE BELONG TO THE ENVIRONMENT;
THE ENVIRONMENT DOES NOT BELONG TO US…THE ENVIRONMENT DOES NOT BELONG TO US…
July 2006July 2006

45. THANK YOU!THANK YOU!