Volcanoes form when lava from below the Earth's surface reaches the surface. The largest volcanoes in the world can erupt in dangerous ways such as lava rivers that burn people and animals, ash clouds containing toxic gases, and lava bombs that explode. Volcanologists study volcanoes to understand their eruptions and predict future activity in order to keep people safe from the hazards volcanoes can pose.

1. Volcanoes
Volcanoes in the world
By John Turner

2. Rocks
• What do they feel like ?
They feel like flint that is cut into small
chunks.
• How are the rocks formed?
Volcanic rocks are formed when lava cools.

3. The biggest volcanoes in the world.
• These are some of the biggest
volcanoes in the world.

4. Lava rivers
• Lava rivers are rivers made out of lava.
• They can be very dangerous because
they will burn people and animals to
death.
• They can flow slow or fast.

5. Hot spots
• A hot spot is where there are live
volcanoes like the Pacific Ocean plate
and lot more places. (Ring Of Fire)

6. Pompeii
• These pictures are
from Pompeii in
Italy. It was a
Roman city which
was covered in ash
and lava. Lots of
people died but lots
managed to escape.

7. Ash clouds.
• In ash clouds there are
poisonous gases which could
kill you or make you ill.
• Farmers near volcanoes can
have big problems keeping
animals like cows and sheep
and chickens because the gas
can kill them as well.
• When ash clouds fall from
the sky any thing they touch
which is living can turn to
stone after a year like in
Pompeii.

8. Lava bombs.
• Lava bombs are
dangerous because
they are made of
lava and fire. They
get thrown out of
the volcano when it
erupts.

9. Live, Extinct and Dormant.
Volcanoes can be live , extinct and
dormant.
•When a volcano is live you can see
smoke coming out.
•A dormant volcano is a volcano that has
not erupted in a long time.
•When a volcano is extinct it means
that it will never erupt again.
•These pictures are volcanoes in Papua
New Guinea.

10. Volcanoes in the U.K.
• All the volcanoes in the
UK are extinct .
• Edinburgh castle is built
on an extinct volcano.
• There are lots of
extinct volcanoes in
Scotland.
• There are lots of rocks
like granite here. It
comes from a volcano.
• There are the remains
of a volcano at Posbury.
(Crediton)

11. Islands formed by volcanoes.
• Some volcanoes erupt
under the sea. The lava
and ash can come to the
surface and form a new
island.
• Surtsey off Iceland was
created in 1963.
• Around Hawaii there are
lots of eruptions under
the sea. The sea water
cools the lava down
quickly. A small ball of
lava can make a big
boulder.

12. Mount St Helens.
• St Helen’s in
America erupted in
1980. It is one of
the most famous
recent eruptions.
The eruption blew
the side off the
mountain and lots of
trees were
destroyed. 78 people
died.

13. Volcanologist
• A volcanologist is a
person who studies
volcanoes, and their
eruptions in the past.
Volcanologists often
visit volcanoes,
especially active ones,
to observe volcanic
eruptions, collect ash,
rock and lava samples.
They also try to
predict when new
eruptions will happen.

14. Big stuff that volcanoes make.
• These pictures are
the biggest stuff
that the volcanoes
will make.

15. Volcano Quiz
(Some of the answers are true or false.)
1. People might need to wear a 1. Volcanoes are “sleeping
mask when they are outside mountains!”
after an eruption.
2. The ash isn’t harmful to the 2. Volcanoes can erupt under the
animals. sea and make new islands.
3. People might get evacuated
from their homes. 3. Going inside a volcano is safe.
4. Farming in Iceland where
there are volcanoes is an easy
job. 4. Volcanoes can boil water so you
5. Driving around the area can be can bath in it?
difficult as the roads might
have been damaged after an 5. Are Volcanic rocks heavy or
eruption. light?
6. Volcanic eruptions can cause
floods of mud, ice and lava. 6. Lava bombs don’t explode!