anatomy of foot , arches of foot

1. ARCHES OF
FOOT
By
Dr. Harsha surath

2. FUNCTIONS OF FOOT
 Support body weight
 As shock absorbers
 As spring boards for propelling during walking,
running, and jumping.
 It can adapt itself to uneven surfaces.
 Long flexors and small muscles of the foot
assist in propulsive action

3.  The weight of the body
transferred to talus from tibia
 Then it is transmitted to
calcaneus
 Anteriorly the ball of foot

4.  Between these weight bearing points are the
elastic arches of the foot
 Slightly flattened by body weight during
standing
 Recoil back to normal-weight removed

5. Arches of Foot
 Longitudinal arch of the foot
 Medial longitudinal arch
 Lateral longitudinal arch
 Transverse arch of the foot

6. Medial longitudinal arch
 Higher and important than lateral
 Composed of – Calcaneous
- Talus
- Navicular
- 3 cuneiform
- 3 metatarsals
 Talar head is key stone of this arch

7.  Tibialis anterior attached to – 1st
metatarsal,medial cuneiform – strength for this
arch.
 Fibularis longus tendon – pass laterally to this
arch providing
support

8. Lateral longitudinal Arch
 Flatter than medial longitudinal arch.
 Rests on the ground during standing.
 It is made up of – calcaneous, cuboid, 2 lateral
metatarsals.

9. Transverse arch
 Runs from side to side
 It is formed by – cuboid, cuneiforms, bases of
metatarssals
 Medial and lateral parts of longitudinal arch act
as pillars
 Tendons of fibularis
longus and tibialis
posterior

10. Integrity of bony arches
 Maintained by passive factors
and dynamic supports

11. Passive factors
 Shape of the united bones
 Four successive layers of fibrous tissue –
bowstring the longitudinal arch
 Plantar aponeurosis
 Long plantar ligament
 Plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) ligament
 Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) ligament

12. Dynamic supports
 Active bracing action of intrinsic muscles of
foot
 Active and tonic contraction of muscles with
long tendons extending in to foot
 Flexor hallusis and digitorum longus – longitudinal
arch
 Fibularis longus and tibialis posterior – transverse
arch
Plantar ligaments and plantar aponeurosis bear

13. MECHANISM OF ARCH
SUPPORT
SHAPE OF BONES
 Bones are wedge-
shaped with the thin
edge lying inferiorly
 This applies particularly
to the bone
occupying
the center
of the arch
“keystone”

14. MECHANISM OF ARCH
SUPPORT
INFERIOR EDGES OF BONES ARE
TIED TOGETHER

15. MECHANISM OF ARCH
SUPPORT
TYING THE ENDS OF THE ARCH
TOGETHER

16. MECHANISM OF ARCH
SUPPORT
SUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE
 Medial longtitudinal arch: tibialis anterior,
tibialis posterior, medial ligament of ankle
joint
 Lateral longtitudinal arch: peroneus longus,
peroneus brevis
 Transverse arch: peroneus longus

17. MECHANISM OF ARCH
SUPPORT
SUSPENDING THE ARCH FROM ABOVE

18.  REFERENCES
- clinical oriented Anatomy 6th edition,
by Keith L Moore
- Greys Anatomy
thank you …