PostgreSQL HA

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A look at what HA is and what PostgreSQL has to offer for building an open source HA solution. Covers various aspects in terms of Recovery Point Objective and Recovery Time Objective. Includes backup and restore, PITR (point in time recovery) and streaming replication concepts.

Technology

PostgreSQL - High
Availability
Muhammad Haroon
PUG August 2016, Islamabad

Agenda
● A typical workflow in DR
● Why does everyone talk about it ?
● What is HA after all ?
● PostgreSQL HA
● PostgreSQL HA + Linux modus vivendi

Who am I ??
● Working in PostgreSQL space @ 2ndQuadrant
● Part of PostgreSQL family for over 10 years
● Work in almost all areas around PostgreSQL from development to professional
services
● Past stints with PostgreSQL family include
○ EnterpriseDB
○ OpenSCG
● Headed Engineering & IT efforts @ IBEX
● Served as Principal Architect/Product Owner @ TRG
Email: haroon@2ndQuadrant.com
: contact.mharoon@gmail.com
Skype: contact.haroon

Downtime
● Planned downtime
○ Software maintenance activity (upgrades etc)
○ Hardware maintenance activity (changes, upgrades etc)
● Unplanned downtime
○ Software crash
○ Hardware crash
○ Network failure
○ Human error

What is HA after all ?
● RTO - Recovery Time Objective
○ The time interval it will take to restore ...
● RPO - Recovery Point Objective
○ The amount of data that you will lose ...

RPO
● Backups
○ Logical Backups
■ Database dumps
● SQL script + data
○ Physical backups
■ Online
● Basebackups (provides base for PITR)
■ Offline
● Stop PostgreSQL, take backup
■ Filesystem snapshots
○ WAL archiving

PostgreSQL HA - Replication
● Streaming Replication
○ Synchronous
○ Asynchronous
○ Master, slave(s)
○ Master, slave(s), cascaded slaves(s)
● WAL shipping

PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario
Primary/Master
Standby 4
Standby 3
Standby 1
App server
Standby 2

PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.)
Primary/Master
Standby 4
Standby 3
Standby 1
App server
Standby 2

PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.)
Old primary/master
Standby 4
Standby 3
Primary/Master
App server
Standby 2

PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.)
Standby 4
Standby 3
Primary/Master
Old primary/master
App server
Standby 2

PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.)
Standby 4
Standby 3
Primary/Master
Standby 1
App server
Standby 2

PostgreSQL HA + Open source PG
community tools + Linux
Free & Open source complete HA

PostgreSQL HA - Streaming Replication
Primary/Master
Standby 4
Standby 3
Standby 1
App server
Proxy
Standby 2

PostgreSQL HA - Streaming Replication
Old Primary/Master
Standby 4
Standby 3
Primary
App server
Proxy
Standby 2

Old primary - STONITH
Shoot
The
Other
Node
In
The
Head
image courtesy ourobengr.com

Further reading
- Barman: http://www.pgbarman.org
- Repmgr: http://www.repmgr.org
- Repmgrd: http://www.repmgr.org
- Pgbouncer: https://pgbouncer.github.io
- pgPool: http://www.pgpool.net/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page
- pgBackRest: https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest
- CoroSync: http://corosync.github.io/corosync/
- Various other tools available to work with postgres

Questions
Thank you for your time
Questions ?
● Need customized PostgreSQL suited to your
needs?
● Looking for PostgreSQL training ?
● Need help migrating to PostgreSQL ?
● Need PostgreSQL production support ?
● Got specific PostgreSQL needs ?
● Looking for cloud and/or hybrid high availability
clusters ?
Let us help you!
Email: haroon@2ndQuadrant.com
Skype: contact.haroon

● PostgreSQL News
○ PostgreSQL 9.6 Beta4 Released - August 11, 2016
○ MariaDB license change
○ PGConf.ASIA - Tokyo (2-3 December 2016)
● 2ndQuadrant News
○ repmgr 3.1.5
○ Postgres-XL 9.5 R1.3
○ BDR9.4 1.0
○ 2UDA 9.6 Beta4

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PostgreSQL HA

1. PostgreSQL - High Availability Muhammad Haroon PUG August 2016, Islamabad

2. Agenda ● A typical workflow in DR ● Why does everyone talk about it ? ● What is HA after all ? ● PostgreSQL HA ● PostgreSQL HA + Linux modus vivendi

3. Who am I ?? ● Working in PostgreSQL space @ 2ndQuadrant ● Part of PostgreSQL family for over 10 years ● Work in almost all areas around PostgreSQL from development to professional services ● Past stints with PostgreSQL family include ○ EnterpriseDB ○ OpenSCG ● Headed Engineering & IT efforts @ IBEX ● Served as Principal Architect/Product Owner @ TRG Email: haroon@2ndQuadrant.com : contact.mharoon@gmail.com Skype: contact.haroon

4. Where does it all begin ?

5. Downtime ???

6. Downtime ● Planned downtime ○ Software maintenance activity (upgrades etc) ○ Hardware maintenance activity (changes, upgrades etc) ● Unplanned downtime ○ Software crash ○ Hardware crash ○ Network failure ○ Human error

7. Typical DR workflow

8. Admins/Sysadmins ...

9. HA - Availability Levels

10. What is HA after all ? ● RTO - Recovery Time Objective ○ The time interval it will take to restore ... ● RPO - Recovery Point Objective ○ The amount of data that you will lose ...

11. Admins/Sysadmins ...

12. RPO ● Backups ○ Logical Backups ■ Database dumps ● SQL script + data ○ Physical backups ■ Online ● Basebackups (provides base for PITR) ■ Offline ● Stop PostgreSQL, take backup ■ Filesystem snapshots ○ WAL archiving

13. Backup retention ???

14. PostgreSQL & RTO

15. PostgreSQL HA - Replication ● Streaming Replication ○ Synchronous ○ Asynchronous ○ Master, slave(s) ○ Master, slave(s), cascaded slaves(s) ● WAL shipping

16. PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario Primary/Master Standby 4 Standby 3 Standby 1 App server Standby 2

17. PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.) Primary/Master Standby 4 Standby 3 Standby 1 App server Standby 2

18. PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.) Old primary/master Standby 4 Standby 3 Primary/Master App server Standby 2

19. PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.) Standby 4 Standby 3 Primary/Master Old primary/master App server Standby 2

20. PostgreSQL HA - Failover Scenario (cont.) Standby 4 Standby 3 Primary/Master Standby 1 App server Standby 2

21. PostgreSQL HA + Open source PG community tools + Linux Free & Open source complete HA

22. PostgreSQL HA - Streaming Replication Primary/Master Standby 4 Standby 3 Standby 1 App server Proxy Standby 2

23. PostgreSQL HA - Streaming Replication Old Primary/Master Standby 4 Standby 3 Primary App server Proxy Standby 2

24. Old primary - STONITH Shoot The Other Node In The Head image courtesy ourobengr.com

25. Further reading - Barman: http://www.pgbarman.org - Repmgr: http://www.repmgr.org - Repmgrd: http://www.repmgr.org - Pgbouncer: https://pgbouncer.github.io - pgPool: http://www.pgpool.net/mediawiki/index.php/Main_Page - pgBackRest: https://github.com/pgbackrest/pgbackrest - CoroSync: http://corosync.github.io/corosync/ - Various other tools available to work with postgres

26. Special Thanks!!

27. Questions Thank you for your time Questions ? ● Need customized PostgreSQL suited to your needs? ● Looking for PostgreSQL training ? ● Need help migrating to PostgreSQL ? ● Need PostgreSQL production support ? ● Got specific PostgreSQL needs ? ● Looking for cloud and/or hybrid high availability clusters ? Let us help you! Email: haroon@2ndQuadrant.com Skype: contact.haroon

28. ● PostgreSQL News ○ PostgreSQL 9.6 Beta4 Released - August 11, 2016 ○ MariaDB license change ○ PGConf.ASIA - Tokyo (2-3 December 2016) ● 2ndQuadrant News ○ repmgr 3.1.5 ○ Postgres-XL 9.5 R1.3 ○ BDR9.4 1.0 ○ 2UDA 9.6 Beta4

PostgreSQL HA

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