2. Autistic DisordersAutistic Disorders
Hani Hamed DessokiHani Hamed Dessoki
Assist. Prof. of PsychiatryAssist. Prof. of Psychiatry
Acting Head, Psychiatry DepartmentActing Head, Psychiatry Department,,
Beni-Suef UniversityBeni-Suef University
Supervisor of Psychiatry DepartmentSupervisor of Psychiatry Department,,
El-Fayoum UniversityEl-Fayoum University
Member of American Psychiatric AssociationMember of American Psychiatric Association
5. AUTISMAUTISM
Autism is a brain disorder that impairsAutism is a brain disorder that impairs
a person’s ability to communicate, forma person’s ability to communicate, form
relationships, socially interact, andrelationships, socially interact, and
respond appropriately within a givenrespond appropriately within a given
environmentenvironment..
6. CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS
May avoid eye contactMay avoid eye contact
May appear or respond as if deafMay appear or respond as if deaf
May lack awareness of the existence feelings ofMay lack awareness of the existence feelings of
othersothers
Can be physically aggressive or have outburstsCan be physically aggressive or have outbursts
when familiar environment or routine is changedwhen familiar environment or routine is changed
Can remain fixated on single activity or objectCan remain fixated on single activity or object
May engage in strange actions such as handMay engage in strange actions such as hand
flapping, or rocking.flapping, or rocking.
7. IncidenceIncidence
10 years ago Autism and PDD occurred in approximately 510 years ago Autism and PDD occurred in approximately 5
to 15 per 10,000 births.to 15 per 10,000 births.
These disorders were four times more common in boysThese disorders were four times more common in boys
than girls.than girls.
8. Why rising rate of autismWhy rising rate of autism??
Partly due to better
awareness/diagnosis.
So, primary reason is most likely
increased exposure to
environmental factors (mercury,
antibiotics, MMR, pesticides,
iodine deficiency)
10. What is autismWhat is autism??
Criteria for diagnosis of autism?
1. qualitative impairment in social interaction
• impairment in the use of nonverbal behaviors such as eye-to-eye gaze,
facial expression, body postures, and gestures to regulate social
interaction
• failure to develop peer relationships appropriate to developmental level
• a lack of spontaneous seeking to share enjoyment, interests, or
achievements with other people (e.g., by lack of showing, brining, or
pointing out objects of interest)
• lack of social or emotional reciprocity
2. qualitative impairment in communication
• delay in, or total lack of, the development of spoken language (without
trying to compensate through alternative modes of communication such
as gesture or mime)
11. What is autismWhat is autism??
• in individual with adequate speech, marked impairment in the ability to initiate or
sustain a conversation with others
• lack of varied, spontaneous make-believe play or social imitative play appropriate to
developmental level
• stereotyped and repetitive use of language or idiosyncratic language
3. restricted repetitive and stereotyped patterns of behavior, interests, and
activities
• encompassing preoccupation with one or more stereotyped and restricted patterns of
interest that is abnormal in intensity or focus
• apparently inflexible adherence to specific, non-functional routines or rituals
• stereotyped and repetitive motor mannerisms (e.g., hand or finger flapping or
twisting, or complex whole-body movements)
• persistent preoccupation with parts of objects
(American Psychiatric Association (2000), Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders, 4th
Edition, Text Revision)
21. How is Autism DiagnosedHow is Autism Diagnosed??
No definitive medical testNo definitive medical test
Team uses interviews, observation, and specificTeam uses interviews, observation, and specific
checklists developed for this purpose.checklists developed for this purpose.
Team might include neurologist, psychologist,Team might include neurologist, psychologist,
developmental pediatrician, speech/language therapist,developmental pediatrician, speech/language therapist,
learning consultant, etc.learning consultant, etc.
Must rule out MR, hearing impairment, behaviorMust rule out MR, hearing impairment, behavior
disorders, or eccentric habitsdisorders, or eccentric habits
22. PrognosisPrognosis
Autism is a very challenging disability to solve becauseAutism is a very challenging disability to solve because
of many unknown factors.of many unknown factors.
Since there is no cure for autism, proper proceduresSince there is no cure for autism, proper procedures
such as therapy must be taken to help these individualssuch as therapy must be taken to help these individuals
handle their problems.handle their problems.
Autistic children with IQ scores of 70 and above,Autistic children with IQ scores of 70 and above,
normally can live and work more productivenormally can live and work more productive
independent lifestyles within societyindependent lifestyles within society
24. Mædica - a Journal of Clinical Medicine
ORIGINAL PAPERS
Maedica A Journal of Clinical Medicine, Volume 7 No.1 2012
Toxic Metals and Essential Elements in Hair
and Severity of Symptoms among Children
with Autism
Eleonor BLAUCOK-BUSCHa; Omnia R. AMINb; Hani H. DESSOKIc; Thanaa
RABAHd
a Lecturer, researcher and advisor, International Board of Clinical Metal
Toxicology & German Medical Association of Clinical Metal Toxicology,
Hersbruck, Germany
b Associate Prof. of Psychiatry, Cairo University, Egypt
c Associate Prof. of Psychiatry- Beni-Suef University, Egypt
d Researcher of Public Health and Biostatistics, National Research Center,
Egypt
25. The potentially toxic elements chromium, copper,
mercury, nickel, and lead are more prevalent in the
hair of children with autism.
Nutritive elements, including calcium, iron, iodine,
magnesium, manganese, zinc, and selenium are
more deficient among autistic children.
ConclusionConclusion
26. How to contactHow to contact
Hani Hamed Dessoki, MD PsychiatryHani Hamed Dessoki, MD Psychiatry
Mob: +201001430171Mob: +201001430171
+201008833248+201008833248
Telephone, clinic: 02 – 37603192Telephone, clinic: 02 – 37603192
Clinic :Clinic : Cairo Medical Center. Clinic 79. 6 Oct. CityCairo Medical Center. Clinic 79. 6 Oct. City
Website: www.hanipsych.comWebsite: www.hanipsych.com
Email:Email: hanipsych@yahoo.comhanipsych@yahoo.com