1. New actor in sustainable
development policies:
RDAs as a level of analysis,
through Renewable Energy
Projects

2. Aim: to scrutinize the renewable energy projects (solar, wind, geothermal, biomass)
supported by 26 Regional Development Agencies between 20010-2014.
Q: What are the differences between different regions regarding renewable sources and
their evaluation by RDAs?
Q: What is the role of RDAs regarding prioritization of renewable projects?
Q: Who are the main stakeholders and beneficiaries (profit or non-profit organizations)?
Q: Outputs in term of budget, production? Projections? Implementation or feasibility?
Q: RDAs a new actor in regional sustanible development policies?

3. Outline
I. Turkey – (sustainable) development perspective?
II. New actor in sustainable development: Regional
Development agencies
III. Case study & Findings

4. TURKEY
Turkey is a democratic, secular, parliamentary
republic largely located in Western Asia with the
portion of Eastern Thrace in Southeastern Europe
Area: 780,580 sq. km. 301,000 Square Miles
Population: 73,000,000 (2010))
GDP per capita: 10,830 US $

5. • unitary structure in terms of administration

7. Sustainable Development in Turkey
• Fairly successful record with Millenium
Development Goals: Ex: eradicating extreme
Shortcomings: Gender Equality&Environmental
Sustainability
• Environmental pressure from
urbanization,energy,industry, transport,tourism.
Large scale energy and transport projects, rapidly
increasing GHG emissions.
• Loss of biodiversity and habitats.
• EPI 2014: 66 out of 178

8. Energy Policies
• Fossil fuel based economy
• Fossil fuel energy consumption %90
• Coal, Oil, Natural Gas %30 each
• Energy Dependency %70
• Major cause for trade deficit (%50) 40 billion
USD/year

9. Renewable Energy
• Total Installed Power: 70GW- 10 GW Renewables
• Huge untapped potential of renewables
• 48 GW Wind
• 56 GW Solar
• Solar radiation values are similar to Spain and Portugal.
• 2030 targets: Hydro 34GW
• (2000 planned plants creating conflicts)
• Wind 20GW (Now 4GW)
• Solar 5 GW (None)
• Geothermal and biomass 1GW

10. • A new era in sustainable / regional
development perspective
Regional
Development
Agencies have
initiated a new
era in Turkey,
which focused
on centralized
policies until
today, bringing a
boost to local
actor
participation in
the economy

11. Since the 1960’s, Turkey
has followed centralized and
sector-based development approach.
(former) State Planning Organization: it held the
decision-making power by itself.

12. • In this regard, the integration of regional / local dimension into five-year
national development plans has been difficult ; actors in the provinces and
local actors as well are not included
• With development agencies; Turkey gave up its development policies
based on the incentive system and the implementation of five-year
national development plans that has been in effect for 50 years.

13. New Regional Development according to
The General Activity Report (Ministry of Development)
Competition Strategy CooperationSustanaibilityGovernance
Development agencies in Turkey, creating a new
regional institution level, namely, the intermediate level
between national and local levels, constitute the
institutional base of the new development approach.

14. The Ministry of Development is one of the new ministries
established in 2011 (instead of State Planning Organization)

15. • Development agencies are designed as regional, with their resources and
technical knowledge, to support the established development policies at
the regional level and provide their implementation, monitoring, and
evaluation through the logic of the strategic plan.

16. • “In other words, it means the region being a pioneer in
development and the participation of local actors, too, in
decisions and activities related to development.”

17. In a nutshell;
• development agencies are new and important
institutions concerning:

18. of the development approach

20. • Beyond all this, the agencies have
started to cause the creation of a
consciousness of development

21. III.
Can regional development be sustainable
through renewable energy?

22. NUTS 2 (26 statistical regions)

23. 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
O 10 O 11 O 12 O 13 O 14
# of projects by year

24. 33
13 13
12 12
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
İzmir Southern Aegean Eastern Anatolia İpekyolu Ahiler
Most active RDAs in Renewables 2010-2014

25. Aegean
32%
Marmara
20%
Central Anatolia
18%
Eastern Anatolia
12%
South Eastern
Anatolia
8%
Mediterranean
7%
Black Sea
3%
Projects by Region

26. Turkey Wind&Solar Atlas

27. SOLAR
55%
WIND
11%
BOTH
31%
OTHER
3%
Projects by type of sources

28. Public 44%
Civil Society
8%
Private 48%
Beneficiary

29. Local Gov
60%
Central
Gov
40%
Beneficiary in Public

30. Implementation
85%
Feasibility
15%
Nature of renewable energy projects

31. Beneficiary
51%
Agency
49%
Budget

32. Conclusion
• Small Steps
• Strengthening local actors
• Mostly Solar (see the map) Wind less likely
• Implementation but small output
• Small share in overall installed Renewable Energy
• Public: Univ,Schools,local Authorities
• Private: SME
• Aegean Region pioneer
• Limited autonomy: under the tutelage of the Ministry
of Development.
• Co-financing&Call for proposals (EU)

33. Yeditepe University / Department of Public Administration
ISTANBUL/TURKEY
baris.baykan@yeditepe.edu.tr
hande.tek@yeditepe.edu.tr
@barisgencbaykan
@handetekturan