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PALEAF
PALM BRANCH A PROFITABLE INDUSTRY
5 APPLICATIONS IN 1 SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29
Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page2
PALM LEAF FUTURE APPLICATION
PALEAF - 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT
Developing the Palm Leaves industrially can produce promising products in different sectors....
 Construction Sector: 5 Applications in single product in form of Paste, liquid, paint….
 Oil & Field sector: 5 Applications in Single product {Eco & Friendly fire Fighting products}
 Textile Sector: 5 Application in Single product in Form of Yarn…
 Paper Sector: 5 Application in Single Product
 Furniture Sector: 5 Application in Single product
 Others
For Revitalization 10 Palm Leaves to be cut from 1 Palm Tree each year = 440 million palm leaves in
UAE
Unique Product: Eco, Friendly & Recyclable
SINGLEPRODUCT
HEAT INSULATION
COLD INSULATION
SOUND ACOUSTIC
WATERPROOF INSULATION
FIRE RETARDANT & RESISTANT
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page3
PALM LEAF TODAY RESEARCH
The PALM TREE is a flowering plant indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions and specially in the
Desert. Palm trees of various species have been utilized for their practical applications since the birth
of civilization. The use of palm leaves by humans is mentioned in historic texts such as the Bible and
the Qur'an. Palm leaves hold great economical value and are cultivated for the production of a wide
range of useful products.
NOT CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH HAS BEEN APPLIED TO DISCOVER THE REAL IMPORTANCE APPLICATION OF PALM
LEAVES
In Australia, the most high-tech option applied is a building product made from palm fronds mixed
and molded with a polymer to produce a magnificent timber construction product for use in building
houses, fences etc. The resulting molded timber product is a clear and visionary example of carbon
capture and storage.
In London, The Royal Geographical Society is playing host to Arish: Palm-Leaf Architecture in the
UAE; an exhibition that looks at how the indigenous craft of Palm-leaf architecture is closely
connected to the religious, cultural and agricultural traditions of people in the Arabian Peninsula.
In UAE, Architect Sandra Piesik has undertaken a three-year research project in the United Arab
Emirates looking at how traditional buildings constructed from the leaves of date palms, tree trunks
and rope made from Palm fibre have provided shelter from the extremes of climate on the Arabian
Peninsula for millennia.
BuroHappold became involved in the project when Sandra asked Wolf Mangelsdorf, Director of
Structures, if BuroHappold could provide engineering advice for the design and construction of the
project. More recently the consultancy has been helping Sandra with the many logistical issues
associated with constructing and erecting such a sculpture for the first time outside of its native
UAE.
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page4
POWER OF PALM TREE & BRANCH IN HISTORY?
The Palm is richly significant in Islamic culture, and the Palm symbolizes rest and hospitality in many
cultures of the Middle East. The presence of Palm trees around an oasis showed that water was the
gift of ALLAH.[20]
In the Quran, the palm appears in the paradisiacal imagery of the Garden
(Jannah).[21]
In one prophetic tradition, the Dome of the Rock will stand on a palm tree issuing from
one of the rivers of Paradise.[22]
Muhammad is said to have built his home out of palm,[citation needed]
to
have leaned against a palm while speaking,[23]
and to have raised the first mosque as a roof placed
on palm trees.[24]
The first muezzin climbed palm trees to call the faithful to prayer, from which the minaret
developed.[citation needed]
In the Quran (19:16–34), Mary is said to have given birth to Jesus under a date
palm.[25]
In northern Sudan, the doum palm is the symbol of endurance (doum), and particularly of the
Muslim saint who gave his name to Wad Hamid.[26]
The palm also appears on a number of coins from
Islamic states, for example the 1970 Tunisian 1 dinar issue honoring the Food and Agricultural
Organization, and several Iraqi coins of the 1970s.
The Palm branch is a symbol of victory, triumph, peace and eternal life originating in the ancient
Near East and Mediterranean world. The Palm (Phoenix) was sacred in Mesopotamian religions, and
in ancient Egypt represented immortality.
In Assyrian religion, the Palm is one of the trees identified as the Sacred Tree[2]
connecting heaven,
represented by the crown of the tree, and earth, the base of the trunk. Reliefs from the 9th century
BC show winged genii holding palm fronds in the presence of the Sacred Tree.[3]
It is associated with
the goddess Ishtar and is found on the Ishtar Gate. In ancient Mesopotamia, the date palm may have
represented fertility in humans. The Mesopotamian goddess Inanna, who had a part in the sacred
marriage ritual, was believed to make the dates abundant.[4]
Palm stems represented long life to the
Ancient Egyptians, and the god Huh was often shown holding a palm stem in one or both hands. The
palm was carried in Egyptian funeral processions to represent eternal life.[5]
The Kingdom of Nri
(Igbo) used the omu, a tender palm frond, to sacralize and restrain.[6]
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page5
The Palm was a symbol of Phoenicia and appeared on Punic coins. In ancient Greek, the word for
palm, phoinix, was thought to be related to the ethnonym.
In Archaic Greece, the palm tree was a sacred sign of Apollo, who had been born under a palm on
the island of Delos.[7]
The palm thus became an icon of the Delian League. In recognition of the
alliance, Cimon of Athens erected a bronze statue of a palm tree at Delphi as part of a victory
monument commemorating the Battle of the Eurymedon (469/466 BC).[8]
In addition to representing
the victorious League, the bronze palm (phoinix) was a visual pun on the defeated Phoenician fleet.[9]
From 400 BC onward, a palm branch was awarded to the victor in athletic contests, and the practice
was brought to Rome around 293 BC…
The Palm became so closely associated with victory in ancient Roman culture that the Latin word
palma could be used as a metonym for "victory", and was a sign of any kind of victory.[11]
A lawyer
who won his case in the forum would decorate his front door with palm leaves.[12]
The palm branch
or tree became a regular attribute of the goddess Victory, and when Julius Caesar secured his rise to
sole power with a victory at Pharsalus, a palm tree was supposed to have sprung up miraculously at
the Temple of Nike, the Greek counterpart of Victory, in Tralles, later known as Caesarea, in Asia
Minor.[13]
The toga palmata was a toga ornamented with a palm motif; it was worn to celebrate a
military triumph only by those who had a previous triumph. The toga itself was the garment of the
civilian at peace, and was worn by the triumphator to mark his laying down of arms and the
cessation of war. The use of the palm in this setting indicates how the original meaning of "victory"
shaded into "peace" as the aftermath of victory.[14]
Coins issued under Constantine I, the first Christian emperor, and his successors continue to display
the traditional iconography of Victory, but often combined with Christian symbolism such as
christograms.
The Roman senator Symmachus, who tried to preserve Rome's religious traditions under Christian
domination, is pictured on an ivory diptych bearing a palm branch in an allegorical triumph over
death.
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page6
APPLICATIONS OF PALM LEAVES BRANCH IN HISTORY?
GEOGRAPHY
Palm Tree have been in existence since the dawn of human civilization, the earliest fossilized palms
on record dating back nearly 80 million years to the Cretaceous period.
Palm trees played an integral role as a resource that could be utilized not only for the fruits some of
the trees provided but for a variety of different purposes.
Today, palm trees can be found growing around the world in a variety of different climates.
The majority of species, however thrive and can be found growing in warm tropical and sub-tropical
climates.
Palm trees is counted as 44 million Trees over the United Arab Emirates
ETHNIC
Palm leaves have also long held symbolism in Christianity where they are seen as a symbol of victory,
of good and faithfulness triumphing over evil and are mentioned numerous times in the Bible.
Additionally, in Judaism palms are one of the four species (of plants) used as part of both the
traditional Sukkot blessing & prayer to honor God.
CULTURAL & WRITING
Historically, palm leaves were used as one of the original materials for writing on.
Palm leaf manuscripts have been found that date back to the 5th century in parts of South and
Southeast Asia.
Palm leaves are one of the oldest and cheapest writing materials in existence, according to the
International Palm Society website.
 They were used extensively throughout India as far back as the year 790.
 Ancient Ayurvedic texts, religious documents and horoscopes were commonly etched into
palm leaves.
 Sanskrit letters were inscribed into the leaf's flesh with an iron stylus.
 To create writing material, partially-matured palm leaves were dried, cut to size and rubbed
with oil. The leaves underwent an extensive boiling and oiling process, in order to reduce
acid content and close the leave's pores.
 In this manner, palm leaves were transformed into resilient and waterproof writing material.
The inscription of horoscopes into palm leaves is a thriving tradition in modern day India.
FOOD
 Trim to desired size and use as garnish alongside tropical food and drinks.
 Palm leaves are commonly used in combination with banana leaves and other local
vegetation in the traditional Hawaiian method of cooking in an underground oven known as
an imu.
 The palm leaves could be boiled and used as a vegetable.
 The trunk of the sago palm was ground into flour and made into unleavened bread.
 Palm oils have been made into both butter and soap.
 livestock feed ration ingredients, compost and peat bricks.
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page7
HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION
Shelter
Palm leaves of every species have been used as the roofing and partition material of huts. When
constructed correctly, palm leaf roofs are extremely durable and water-resistant while remaining
porous enough to allow ventilation from cooking flames and promote proper air circulation.
 Palm Leaf used whole as thatching to build roofs and walls for houses,
 Traditionally, a thick mud layer is used to adhere whole palm leaves to the ceiling beams of
hatches.
 Palm leaf make excellent partitions and terraces.
 Young, flexible leaves are selected and cut to overlap on top of huts.
 A palm leaf roof will last for approximately two years, depending on the leaf species and
surrounding climate conditions.
PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT
Halim Hani
ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est
P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE
Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
Page8
SMALL INDUSTRIES
Indigenous tribes of tropical regions have long used palm leaves for
 Palm leaves are most commonly used for decorative purposes in the culinary world.
 They can be used whole to dress a table or on serving platters.
 their fine fiber was used to make sewing thread;
 their heaviest fiber was used to make strong ropes.
 the smaller leaves used as a material for fashioning clothing, baskets, rope and cooking
tools.
 Their coarse fiber was used to make brooms, mats, and baskets;
 the strong mid ribs used to make crates, fences, weapons and furniture
 Some palm wood does not easily rot and was especially good for making boats.
 Palm Leaf fibrous properties to produce woven and hand-crafted household items.
 Palm leaf are typically sewn together to form plaits, which constitute the skeletal structure
of baskets, mats, sacks, fans and hats….
 A useful cord is made by rolling leaf fibers into strands, the cord is helpful for tying bundles
of plants and vegetables.
 Palm leaf cords are also used to create nets for transporting cargo and forage.
 Fishnets and open hammocks are also created with palm leaf cords,
 while heavier cords act as climbing ropes that are used to scale trees during palm leaf
harvesting.
 Dwarf palm leaf fibers are commonly placed within furniture as mattress, woven matting
cushion stuffing, brooms, brushes….

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Halim Hani - HH-PL0001-PALEAF industry

  • 1. PALEAF PALM BRANCH A PROFITABLE INDUSTRY 5 APPLICATIONS IN 1 SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 Email: HalimHani@eim.ae
  • 2. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page2 PALM LEAF FUTURE APPLICATION PALEAF - 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT SUSTAINABLE PRODUCT Developing the Palm Leaves industrially can produce promising products in different sectors....  Construction Sector: 5 Applications in single product in form of Paste, liquid, paint….  Oil & Field sector: 5 Applications in Single product {Eco & Friendly fire Fighting products}  Textile Sector: 5 Application in Single product in Form of Yarn…  Paper Sector: 5 Application in Single Product  Furniture Sector: 5 Application in Single product  Others For Revitalization 10 Palm Leaves to be cut from 1 Palm Tree each year = 440 million palm leaves in UAE Unique Product: Eco, Friendly & Recyclable SINGLEPRODUCT HEAT INSULATION COLD INSULATION SOUND ACOUSTIC WATERPROOF INSULATION FIRE RETARDANT & RESISTANT
  • 3. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page3 PALM LEAF TODAY RESEARCH The PALM TREE is a flowering plant indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions and specially in the Desert. Palm trees of various species have been utilized for their practical applications since the birth of civilization. The use of palm leaves by humans is mentioned in historic texts such as the Bible and the Qur'an. Palm leaves hold great economical value and are cultivated for the production of a wide range of useful products. NOT CONSIDERABLE RESEARCH HAS BEEN APPLIED TO DISCOVER THE REAL IMPORTANCE APPLICATION OF PALM LEAVES In Australia, the most high-tech option applied is a building product made from palm fronds mixed and molded with a polymer to produce a magnificent timber construction product for use in building houses, fences etc. The resulting molded timber product is a clear and visionary example of carbon capture and storage. In London, The Royal Geographical Society is playing host to Arish: Palm-Leaf Architecture in the UAE; an exhibition that looks at how the indigenous craft of Palm-leaf architecture is closely connected to the religious, cultural and agricultural traditions of people in the Arabian Peninsula. In UAE, Architect Sandra Piesik has undertaken a three-year research project in the United Arab Emirates looking at how traditional buildings constructed from the leaves of date palms, tree trunks and rope made from Palm fibre have provided shelter from the extremes of climate on the Arabian Peninsula for millennia. BuroHappold became involved in the project when Sandra asked Wolf Mangelsdorf, Director of Structures, if BuroHappold could provide engineering advice for the design and construction of the project. More recently the consultancy has been helping Sandra with the many logistical issues associated with constructing and erecting such a sculpture for the first time outside of its native UAE.
  • 4. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page4 POWER OF PALM TREE & BRANCH IN HISTORY? The Palm is richly significant in Islamic culture, and the Palm symbolizes rest and hospitality in many cultures of the Middle East. The presence of Palm trees around an oasis showed that water was the gift of ALLAH.[20] In the Quran, the palm appears in the paradisiacal imagery of the Garden (Jannah).[21] In one prophetic tradition, the Dome of the Rock will stand on a palm tree issuing from one of the rivers of Paradise.[22] Muhammad is said to have built his home out of palm,[citation needed] to have leaned against a palm while speaking,[23] and to have raised the first mosque as a roof placed on palm trees.[24] The first muezzin climbed palm trees to call the faithful to prayer, from which the minaret developed.[citation needed] In the Quran (19:16–34), Mary is said to have given birth to Jesus under a date palm.[25] In northern Sudan, the doum palm is the symbol of endurance (doum), and particularly of the Muslim saint who gave his name to Wad Hamid.[26] The palm also appears on a number of coins from Islamic states, for example the 1970 Tunisian 1 dinar issue honoring the Food and Agricultural Organization, and several Iraqi coins of the 1970s. The Palm branch is a symbol of victory, triumph, peace and eternal life originating in the ancient Near East and Mediterranean world. The Palm (Phoenix) was sacred in Mesopotamian religions, and in ancient Egypt represented immortality. In Assyrian religion, the Palm is one of the trees identified as the Sacred Tree[2] connecting heaven, represented by the crown of the tree, and earth, the base of the trunk. Reliefs from the 9th century BC show winged genii holding palm fronds in the presence of the Sacred Tree.[3] It is associated with the goddess Ishtar and is found on the Ishtar Gate. In ancient Mesopotamia, the date palm may have represented fertility in humans. The Mesopotamian goddess Inanna, who had a part in the sacred marriage ritual, was believed to make the dates abundant.[4] Palm stems represented long life to the Ancient Egyptians, and the god Huh was often shown holding a palm stem in one or both hands. The palm was carried in Egyptian funeral processions to represent eternal life.[5] The Kingdom of Nri (Igbo) used the omu, a tender palm frond, to sacralize and restrain.[6]
  • 5. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page5 The Palm was a symbol of Phoenicia and appeared on Punic coins. In ancient Greek, the word for palm, phoinix, was thought to be related to the ethnonym. In Archaic Greece, the palm tree was a sacred sign of Apollo, who had been born under a palm on the island of Delos.[7] The palm thus became an icon of the Delian League. In recognition of the alliance, Cimon of Athens erected a bronze statue of a palm tree at Delphi as part of a victory monument commemorating the Battle of the Eurymedon (469/466 BC).[8] In addition to representing the victorious League, the bronze palm (phoinix) was a visual pun on the defeated Phoenician fleet.[9] From 400 BC onward, a palm branch was awarded to the victor in athletic contests, and the practice was brought to Rome around 293 BC… The Palm became so closely associated with victory in ancient Roman culture that the Latin word palma could be used as a metonym for "victory", and was a sign of any kind of victory.[11] A lawyer who won his case in the forum would decorate his front door with palm leaves.[12] The palm branch or tree became a regular attribute of the goddess Victory, and when Julius Caesar secured his rise to sole power with a victory at Pharsalus, a palm tree was supposed to have sprung up miraculously at the Temple of Nike, the Greek counterpart of Victory, in Tralles, later known as Caesarea, in Asia Minor.[13] The toga palmata was a toga ornamented with a palm motif; it was worn to celebrate a military triumph only by those who had a previous triumph. The toga itself was the garment of the civilian at peace, and was worn by the triumphator to mark his laying down of arms and the cessation of war. The use of the palm in this setting indicates how the original meaning of "victory" shaded into "peace" as the aftermath of victory.[14] Coins issued under Constantine I, the first Christian emperor, and his successors continue to display the traditional iconography of Victory, but often combined with Christian symbolism such as christograms. The Roman senator Symmachus, who tried to preserve Rome's religious traditions under Christian domination, is pictured on an ivory diptych bearing a palm branch in an allegorical triumph over death.
  • 6. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page6 APPLICATIONS OF PALM LEAVES BRANCH IN HISTORY? GEOGRAPHY Palm Tree have been in existence since the dawn of human civilization, the earliest fossilized palms on record dating back nearly 80 million years to the Cretaceous period. Palm trees played an integral role as a resource that could be utilized not only for the fruits some of the trees provided but for a variety of different purposes. Today, palm trees can be found growing around the world in a variety of different climates. The majority of species, however thrive and can be found growing in warm tropical and sub-tropical climates. Palm trees is counted as 44 million Trees over the United Arab Emirates ETHNIC Palm leaves have also long held symbolism in Christianity where they are seen as a symbol of victory, of good and faithfulness triumphing over evil and are mentioned numerous times in the Bible. Additionally, in Judaism palms are one of the four species (of plants) used as part of both the traditional Sukkot blessing & prayer to honor God. CULTURAL & WRITING Historically, palm leaves were used as one of the original materials for writing on. Palm leaf manuscripts have been found that date back to the 5th century in parts of South and Southeast Asia. Palm leaves are one of the oldest and cheapest writing materials in existence, according to the International Palm Society website.  They were used extensively throughout India as far back as the year 790.  Ancient Ayurvedic texts, religious documents and horoscopes were commonly etched into palm leaves.  Sanskrit letters were inscribed into the leaf's flesh with an iron stylus.  To create writing material, partially-matured palm leaves were dried, cut to size and rubbed with oil. The leaves underwent an extensive boiling and oiling process, in order to reduce acid content and close the leave's pores.  In this manner, palm leaves were transformed into resilient and waterproof writing material. The inscription of horoscopes into palm leaves is a thriving tradition in modern day India. FOOD  Trim to desired size and use as garnish alongside tropical food and drinks.  Palm leaves are commonly used in combination with banana leaves and other local vegetation in the traditional Hawaiian method of cooking in an underground oven known as an imu.  The palm leaves could be boiled and used as a vegetable.  The trunk of the sago palm was ground into flour and made into unleavened bread.  Palm oils have been made into both butter and soap.  livestock feed ration ingredients, compost and peat bricks.
  • 7. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page7 HISTORY OF CONSTRUCTION Shelter Palm leaves of every species have been used as the roofing and partition material of huts. When constructed correctly, palm leaf roofs are extremely durable and water-resistant while remaining porous enough to allow ventilation from cooking flames and promote proper air circulation.  Palm Leaf used whole as thatching to build roofs and walls for houses,  Traditionally, a thick mud layer is used to adhere whole palm leaves to the ceiling beams of hatches.  Palm leaf make excellent partitions and terraces.  Young, flexible leaves are selected and cut to overlap on top of huts.  A palm leaf roof will last for approximately two years, depending on the leaf species and surrounding climate conditions.
  • 8. PALEAF 5 APPLICATIONS IN SINGLE PRODUCT Halim Hani ALSALAMAH International Trading & Marketing Est P.o.Box: 43944 Abu Dhabi – UAE Cell: +971 50 44 171 29 - Email: HalimHani@eim.ae Page8 SMALL INDUSTRIES Indigenous tribes of tropical regions have long used palm leaves for  Palm leaves are most commonly used for decorative purposes in the culinary world.  They can be used whole to dress a table or on serving platters.  their fine fiber was used to make sewing thread;  their heaviest fiber was used to make strong ropes.  the smaller leaves used as a material for fashioning clothing, baskets, rope and cooking tools.  Their coarse fiber was used to make brooms, mats, and baskets;  the strong mid ribs used to make crates, fences, weapons and furniture  Some palm wood does not easily rot and was especially good for making boats.  Palm Leaf fibrous properties to produce woven and hand-crafted household items.  Palm leaf are typically sewn together to form plaits, which constitute the skeletal structure of baskets, mats, sacks, fans and hats….  A useful cord is made by rolling leaf fibers into strands, the cord is helpful for tying bundles of plants and vegetables.  Palm leaf cords are also used to create nets for transporting cargo and forage.  Fishnets and open hammocks are also created with palm leaf cords,  while heavier cords act as climbing ropes that are used to scale trees during palm leaf harvesting.  Dwarf palm leaf fibers are commonly placed within furniture as mattress, woven matting cushion stuffing, brooms, brushes….