This document provides information on various cashew varieties cultivated in India. It begins with background information on cashew including its botanical name, origin, and importance as a crop in India. It then describes the major cashew growing states and production statistics. The bulk of the document consists of detailed descriptions of the characteristics of over 30 cashew varieties cultivated in various Indian states, including information on their place of origin, year released, parentage, growth habit, flowering/fruiting times, nut/kernel weights and yields. The varieties described are widely grown in states like Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa and Odisha. It concludes with a list of cashew species found
4. Introduction
Cashewnut (Anacardium Occidentale L.) is an important tropical
tree crops. It is one of the major export earning crops which
accounts nearly Rs. 2515 crores contributing about 1.5 per cent of
the total Indian exports.
It ranks second in international trade amongst the major edible
nuts after Vietnam. During the past two decades it gained the
status of horticulture crop. India has the distinction of being the
world’s largest producer of cashewnut. The main fruit growing
states in India are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal.
4
5. The fruit cultivation area in India was 49.64 lakh hectares with an
annual production of 49295 metric tones of fruits. The cashew
cultivation area in India was 8.55 lakh hectares with an annual
production of 5.73 lakh metric tones of raw cashew nuts.
Maharashtra is a much advanced state for horticulture
which occupies large area (13.46 lakh hectares) under fruit crops.
State constitutes 1.64 lakh hectares area under cashew that covers
19.20 per cent of total area under cashew. The Konkan region of
Maharashtra comprising of Thane, Raigad and Ratnagiri districts is
the major track of cashew cultivation in the state.
5
6. Species of cashewnut
Cashew is botanically known as a.occidantle. according to Bailey
anacardium is a small genus of eight species indigenous to south
america. it appears from the published accounts that A.
Occidantle is the only species ,introduced outside the new
world although as many as species of anacardium exists within
central america.
6
8. Species of cashewnut
Botanical Name Country
Anacardium Brasiliense Barb. Brazil
A.Curatellaefolium St Hil Brazil
A. Encardiumm Noronha Malaya
A .Giganteum Hancock Ex Engl. Brazil
A .Mediterraneum Vell. Brazil
A.Microsepalum Loes Amazon Region
A.Parvifolium Ducke Amazon Region
A .Rondonianum Machado Brazil
A.Tenuifolium Ducke Brazil
A .Microcarpum Ducke Amazon Region 8
9. Vridhachalam-1 (M10/4)
State : Tamil Nadu
Year of release : 1981
Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam
Hybrid/selection :
Selection from vazhisodanipalayam
material
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : January-April
Fruiting : February-May
Special character :
Suitable for coastal region, medium sized
tree
Apple colour : Yellow with slight red tinge
Juice % : 74
Nut weight : 5 g
No. of nuts/kg : 200
Kernel weight : 1.4g
Shelling % : 28
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg
9
10. Vridhachalam-2 (M44/3)
State : Tamil Nadu
Year of release : 1985
Centre :
Regional Research station,
Vridhachalam
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree 1668 of Kattu palli)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Inetnsive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : March-May
Special character : Compact canopy, Wide acceptability
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 82
Nut weight : 5.1 g
No. of nuts/kg : 195 nuts approximately
Kernel weight : 1.45g
Shelling % : 28.3
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 7.4 kg
10
11. Vridhachalam-3 (M 26/2)
State : Tamil Nadu
Year of release : 1991
Centre :
Regional Research station,
Vridhachalam
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Edayanchavadi material)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Inensive
Flowering : January-February
Fruiting : February-May
Special character : Early flowering, bold nut type
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 72.8
Nut weight : 7.18 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140
Kernel weight : 2.16 g
Shelling % : 29.1
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 11.68 kg
11
12. Akshaya (H-7-6)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1998
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam,
Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : H-4-7 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special character : Mid season
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 11 g
No. of nuts/kg : 91
Kernel weight : 3.12 g
Shelling % : 28.36
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 11.78 kg
12
13. Amrutha (H-1597)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1998
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara,
680 651
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H-3-13
Canopy type : Spreading
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special character : Mid season Variety
Apple colour : Yellowish
Juice % : 72.2
Nut weight : 7.18 g
No. of nuts/kg : 139
Kernel weight : 2.24 g
Shelling % : 31.58
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 18.35 kg
13
14. Anagha (H-8-1)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1998
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam,
Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T20 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : January - February
Fruiting : Febrary - April
Special character : Mid season
Apple colour : Orange red
Juice % : 66
Nut weight : 10 g
No. of nuts/kg : 100
Kernel weight : 2.9 g
Shelling % : 29
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 13.73 kg
14
15. Anakkayam -1(BLA-139-1)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1982
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Anakkayam, Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla)
Parentage : T20 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : October to November
Fruiting : December to January
Special character :
Early variety, vigrous & short flowering
duration
Apple colour : Pinkish yellow
Juice % : 71
Nut weight : 5.95 g
No. of nuts/kg : 168
Kernel weight : 1.67 g
Shelling % : 27.99
Export grade : W280
Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg
15
16. Dhana (H-1598)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : ALGD-1 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special Character : Midseason, Cluster bearing
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 72
Nut weight : 8.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 122
Kernel weight : 2.44 g
Shelling % : 29.8
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg
16
17. Dharasree (H-3-17)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1996
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Anakkayam,Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T30 x Brazil -18
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special Character : Midseason
Apple colour : Yellowish pink
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 7.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 128
Kernel weight : 2.4 g
Shelling % : 30.5
Export grade : W240
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg
17
18. K-22-1
State :Kerala
Year of release :1987
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection :Selection (Kottarakkara 22)
Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Intensive
Flowering :December- February
Fruiting :Febrary - March
Special character Mid season variety
Apple colour :Red
Juice % :67.5
Nut weight :6.2 g
No. of nuts/kg :161
Kernel weight :1.6 g
Shelling % :26.5
Export grade :W280
Mean nut yield/tree :13.2 kg
18
19. Kanaka (H-1598)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H3-13
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November to December
Fruiting : December to March
Special character Mid season flowering
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 70
Nut weight : 6.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 147
Kernel weight : 2.08 g
Shelling % : 30.58
Export grade : W280
Mean nut yield/tree : 12.8 kg
19
20. Madakkathara -1(BLA-39-4)
State :Kerala
Year of release :1990
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection :Selection (Tree No.39 of Bapatla)
Parentage :BLA-139-1 x H3-13
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Intensive
Flowering :November
Fruiting :January to March
Special character Early Flowering
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :72
Nut weight :6.2 g
No. of nuts/kg :161
Kernel weight :1.64 g
Shelling % :26.8
Export grade :W280
Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg
20
21. Priyanka (H-1591)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1995
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage BLA-139-1 x k-30-1
Canopy type : open
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - February
Fruiting : Febrary - May
Special character
Bold nut variety, Mid season and drought
tolerant
Apple colour : Yellowish red
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 10.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 93
Kernel weight : 2.87g
Shelling % : 26.57
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 17.03 kg
21
22. Sulabha (k-10-2)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1996
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection : Selection
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : January - February
Fruiting : Febrary - April
Special character Mid season
Apple colour : Light Orange
Juice % : 70
Nut weight : 9.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 102
Kernel weight : 2.88g
Shelling % : 29.4
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 21.9 kg
22
23. BPP-1
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T 1 x T 273
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special character :
Flush colour is pinkish, Semi tall,
Cluster bearing
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 5 g
No. of nuts/kg : 200-205
Kernel weight : 1.375 g
Shelling % : 27.5
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 10 kg
23
24. BPP-2
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T 1 x T 273
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special character :
Cluster bearer, small nut type, Semi
tall
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 4 g
No. of nuts/kg : 250
Kernel weight : 1.04 g
Shelling % : 25.7
Export grade : W450
Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg
24
25. BPP-3
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/3 Simhachalam)
Parentage : T 1 x T 273
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : March-May
Fruiting : April-June
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 4.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 208-210
Kernel weight : 1.34 g
Shelling % : 28.1
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg
25
26. BPP-4
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (9/8 Epurupalem)
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special Character : Poor shelling percentage
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64
Nut weight : 6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 200
Kernel weight : 1.15 g
Shelling % : 23
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg
26
27. BPP-5
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (T.No.1)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special Character : Early bearer, poor shelling percentage
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64
Nut weight : 5.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 192-200
Kernel weight : 1.25 g
Shelling % : 24
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg
27
28. BPP-8(H2/16)
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Cashew Research Station,
Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage T 1 x T 39
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special Character : Early bearer
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64
Nut weight : 8.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 138-140
Kernel weight : 1.89 g
Shelling % : 29
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 14.5 kg
28
29. Chintamani-1
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Agricultural Research station,
Chintamani
Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparamba)
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : January-April
Fruiting : February-May
Special Character : Uniform and attractive nuts
Apple colour : Yellowish red
Juice % : 65.4
Nut weight : 6.9 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140-145
Kernel weight : 2.1 g
Shelling % : 31
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg
29
30. NRCC-1
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1989
Centre :
National Research centre for cashew,
Puttur
Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/8 Simhachalam-AP)
Canopy type : Medium compact
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : December-February
Fruiting : March-April
Special character Short duration, 5 fruits per bunch
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 7.6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 133
Kernel weight : 2.1g
Shelling % : 28.8
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 10kg
30
31. NRCC-2
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1989
Centre :
National Research centre for cashew,
Puttur
Hybrid/selection : Selection
Parentage 2/9 Dicherla
Canopy type : Medium compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-January
Fruiting : February-March
Special character Short duration
Apple colour : Pink
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 9.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 108
Kernel weight : 2.15g
Shelling % : 28.6
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 9kg
31
32. Ullal-1
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1984
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparmba)
Canopy type : Medium Spreading
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-April
Fruiting : February-May
Special character Long duration, escapes
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64.2
Nut weight : 6.7 g
No. of nuts/kg : 145-150
Kernel weight : 2.05g
Shelling % : 30.7
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 16 kg
32
33. Ullal-2
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1984
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/67 Guntur)
Canopy type : Medium Spreading
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December-March
Fruiting : February-April
Special character High yielding, short duration, small nuts
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 64.1
Nut weight : 6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 170-175
Kernel weight : 1.83g
Shelling % : 30.5
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 9 kg
33
34. Ullal-3
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (5/37 Manchery)
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-January
Fruiting : January-March
Special character Short flowering duration
Apple colour : Dark red
Juice % : 66.1
Nut weight : 7 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140-145
Kernel weight : 2.1g
Shelling % : 30
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 14.7 kg
34
35. UN-50
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1995
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (2/27 Nileswar-T. No.25)
Canopy type : Medium
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : November-January
Fruiting : February-May
Special character Bold nuts, high shelling percentage
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 65.2
Nut weight : 9 g
No. of nuts/kg : 110-115
Kernel weight : 2.24g
Shelling % : 32.8
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg
35
36. Vengurla-1
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1974
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Ansur-1)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : September- November
Fruiting : December - March
Special character : Medium sized nut, Early flowering
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 65
Nut weight : 6.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 160
Kernel weight : 1.39g
Shelling % : 31
Export grade : W240
Mean nut yield/tree : 19kg
36
37. Vengurla-2
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1979
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Selection
Parentage WBDC-VI (V.37/3)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : October- December
Fruiting : January - April
Special character :
Small nut and high yielder, short flowering
and Fruit phase
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 45
Nut weight : 4.3g
No. of nuts/kg : 230
Kernel weight : 1 g
Shelling % : 32
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 24 kg
37
38. Vengurla-3
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1981
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage Ansur-1 x vetore-56
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-December
Fruiting : February-May
Special character : Bold size nut
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 77
Nut weight : 9.1 g
No. of nuts/kg : 115
Kernel weight : 2.09 g
Shelling % : 27
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 14.4 kg
38
39. Vengurla-4
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1981
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage Midnapur red x vetore-56
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : November-December
Fruiting : February-May
Special character :
Good for all desirable characters, cluster
bearing.
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 76
Nut weight : 7.7 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140
Kernel weight : 1.91 g
Shelling % : 31
Export grade : W210
Mean nut
yield/tree
: 17.2 kg
39
40. Vengurla-5
State :Maharashtra
Year of release :1984
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection :Hybrid
Parentage Ansur early x Mysore Kotekar 1/61
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Inensive
Flowering :October-December
Fruiting :January-April
Special character :Compact Canopy and dense shape,
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :86
Nut weight :4.5 g
No. of nuts/kg :220
Kernel weight :1 g
Shelling % :30
Export grade :W400
Mean nut
yield/tree
:16.6 kg
40
41. Vengurla-6
State :Maharashtra
Year of release :1991
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection :Hybrid
Parentage Vetore-56 x Ansur-1
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Inensive
Flowering :November-December
Fruiting :February-May
Special character :Fruiting laterals more
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :85
Nut weight :8 g
No. of nuts/kg :196
Kernel weight :1.91
Shelling % :28
Export grade :W210
Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg
41
42. Vengurla-7
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1997
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage Vengurla-3 x M- 10/4 (Vri-1)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Inensive
Flowering : November-December
Fruiting : March-May
Special character : Bold size nuts and export grade kernel
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 86
Nut weight : 10 g
No. of nuts/kg : 100
Kernel weight : 2.9 g
Shelling % : 30.5
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 18.5 kg
42
43. Goa-1
State : Goa
Year of release : 1999
Centre : ICAR Research complex, Goa
Hybrid/selection : Selection from Balli-2
Canopy type : Semi spreading
Branching habit : Semi intensive
Flowering : December-February
Fruiting : March-May
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 7.6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 133
Kernel weight : 2.2 g
Shelling % : 30
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 7 kg
43
44. Bhubaneswar-1
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1982
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Anakkayam, Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla)
Parentage : T20 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : October to November
Fruiting : December to January
Special character :
Early variety, vigrous & short flowering
duration
Apple colour : Pinkish yellow
Juice % : 71
Nut weight : 5.95 g
No. of nuts/kg : 168
Kernel weight : 1.67 g
Shelling % : 27.99
Export grade : W280
Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg
44
45. Jhargram-1
State :West Bengal
Year of release :1989
Centre :
Regional Research station, BCKV,
Jhargram
Hybrid/selection :Selection
Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla
Canopy type :Medium compact
Branching habit :Intensive
Flowering :February-April
Fruiting :April-May
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :63.5
Nut weight :5 g
No. of nuts/kg :190-208
Kernel weight :1.5 g
Shelling % :30
Export grade :W320
Mean nut yield/tree :8.5 Kg
45
46. References :
Agnolioni, M., Guilians. F. (1977): Cashew Cultivation,Instituton
Agronomico Per L’oltremare,168.
Bal, J. S. (2006): Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,p. 153.
Bose, T. K. Mitra, S. K. et al. (Ed) (1990): Tropical Horticulture, vol. 1.
Naya Prokash, Calcutta pp. 566-572
K.V.Peter.; Z.abraham (2007).biodiversity in horticultural crops.,Daya
publisher .;1,;330-339.
46