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Cashewnut
Botanical Name: Ancardium
Occidentale
Family :Anacardiaceae
Origin :Brazil
2n:42
Synonyms :Dollar Earning Crop,
plough Crop, Gold Mine Of
Waste Land
3
Introduction
Cashewnut (Anacardium Occidentale L.) is an important tropical
tree crops. It is one of the major export earning crops which
accounts nearly Rs. 2515 crores contributing about 1.5 per cent of
the total Indian exports.
It ranks second in international trade amongst the major edible
nuts after Vietnam. During the past two decades it gained the
status of horticulture crop. India has the distinction of being the
world’s largest producer of cashewnut. The main fruit growing
states in India are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka,
Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal.
4
The fruit cultivation area in India was 49.64 lakh hectares with an
annual production of 49295 metric tones of fruits. The cashew
cultivation area in India was 8.55 lakh hectares with an annual
production of 5.73 lakh metric tones of raw cashew nuts.
Maharashtra is a much advanced state for horticulture
which occupies large area (13.46 lakh hectares) under fruit crops.
State constitutes 1.64 lakh hectares area under cashew that covers
19.20 per cent of total area under cashew. The Konkan region of
Maharashtra comprising of Thane, Raigad and Ratnagiri districts is
the major track of cashew cultivation in the state.
5
Species of cashewnut
Cashew is botanically known as a.occidantle. according to Bailey
anacardium is a small genus of eight species indigenous to south
america. it appears from the published accounts that A.
Occidantle is the only species ,introduced outside the new
world although as many as species of anacardium exists within
central america.
6
Varieties
Tamil Nadu Varieties Vridhachalam-1,Vridhachalam-2,Vridhachalam-3,VRI 4,VRI (CW) H1
Kerala Varieties
Akshaya (H-7-6),Amrutha (H-1597),Anagha (H-8-1),Anakkayam-1
(BLA-139-1),Dhana (H-1608),Dharasree (H-3-17),
K-22-1,Kanaka (H-1598),Madakkathara -1 (BLA-39-4),Madakkathara-
2(NDR-2-1),Priyanka (H-1591),Sulabha (K-10-2)
Andhra Pradesh Varieties BPP-1,BPP-2,BPP-3,BPP-4,BPP-5,BPP-6,BPP-8(H2/16)
Karnataka Varieties Chintamani-1,NRCC-1,NRCC-2,Ullal-1,Ullal-2,Ullal-3,Ullal-4,UN-50
Maharastra
Vengurla-1,Vengurla-2,Vengurla-3,Vengurla-4,Vengurla-5,Vengurla-
6,Vengurla-7
Goa Goa-1
Orissa Bhubaneswar-1
7
Species of cashewnut
Botanical Name Country
Anacardium Brasiliense Barb. Brazil
A.Curatellaefolium St Hil Brazil
A. Encardiumm Noronha Malaya
A .Giganteum Hancock Ex Engl. Brazil
A .Mediterraneum Vell. Brazil
A.Microsepalum Loes Amazon Region
A.Parvifolium Ducke Amazon Region
A .Rondonianum Machado Brazil
A.Tenuifolium Ducke Brazil
A .Microcarpum Ducke Amazon Region 8
Vridhachalam-1 (M10/4)
State : Tamil Nadu
Year of release : 1981
Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam
Hybrid/selection :
Selection from vazhisodanipalayam
material
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : January-April
Fruiting : February-May
Special character :
Suitable for coastal region, medium sized
tree
Apple colour : Yellow with slight red tinge
Juice % : 74
Nut weight : 5 g
No. of nuts/kg : 200
Kernel weight : 1.4g
Shelling % : 28
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg
9
Vridhachalam-2 (M44/3)
State : Tamil Nadu
Year of release : 1985
Centre :
Regional Research station,
Vridhachalam
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree 1668 of Kattu palli)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Inetnsive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : March-May
Special character : Compact canopy, Wide acceptability
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 82
Nut weight : 5.1 g
No. of nuts/kg : 195 nuts approximately
Kernel weight : 1.45g
Shelling % : 28.3
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 7.4 kg
10
Vridhachalam-3 (M 26/2)
State : Tamil Nadu
Year of release : 1991
Centre :
Regional Research station,
Vridhachalam
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Edayanchavadi material)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Inensive
Flowering : January-February
Fruiting : February-May
Special character : Early flowering, bold nut type
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 72.8
Nut weight : 7.18 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140
Kernel weight : 2.16 g
Shelling % : 29.1
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 11.68 kg
11
Akshaya (H-7-6)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1998
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam,
Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : H-4-7 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special character : Mid season
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 11 g
No. of nuts/kg : 91
Kernel weight : 3.12 g
Shelling % : 28.36
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 11.78 kg
12
Amrutha (H-1597)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1998
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara,
680 651
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H-3-13
Canopy type : Spreading
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special character : Mid season Variety
Apple colour : Yellowish
Juice % : 72.2
Nut weight : 7.18 g
No. of nuts/kg : 139
Kernel weight : 2.24 g
Shelling % : 31.58
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 18.35 kg
13
Anagha (H-8-1)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1998
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam,
Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T20 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : January - February
Fruiting : Febrary - April
Special character : Mid season
Apple colour : Orange red
Juice % : 66
Nut weight : 10 g
No. of nuts/kg : 100
Kernel weight : 2.9 g
Shelling % : 29
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 13.73 kg
14
Anakkayam -1(BLA-139-1)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1982
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Anakkayam, Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla)
Parentage : T20 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : October to November
Fruiting : December to January
Special character :
Early variety, vigrous & short flowering
duration
Apple colour : Pinkish yellow
Juice % : 71
Nut weight : 5.95 g
No. of nuts/kg : 168
Kernel weight : 1.67 g
Shelling % : 27.99
Export grade : W280
Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg
15
Dhana (H-1598)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : ALGD-1 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special Character : Midseason, Cluster bearing
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 72
Nut weight : 8.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 122
Kernel weight : 2.44 g
Shelling % : 29.8
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg
16
Dharasree (H-3-17)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1996
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Anakkayam,Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T30 x Brazil -18
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - January
Fruiting : January - March
Special Character : Midseason
Apple colour : Yellowish pink
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 7.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 128
Kernel weight : 2.4 g
Shelling % : 30.5
Export grade : W240
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg
17
K-22-1
State :Kerala
Year of release :1987
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection :Selection (Kottarakkara 22)
Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Intensive
Flowering :December- February
Fruiting :Febrary - March
Special character Mid season variety
Apple colour :Red
Juice % :67.5
Nut weight :6.2 g
No. of nuts/kg :161
Kernel weight :1.6 g
Shelling % :26.5
Export grade :W280
Mean nut yield/tree :13.2 kg
18
Kanaka (H-1598)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H3-13
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November to December
Fruiting : December to March
Special character Mid season flowering
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 70
Nut weight : 6.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 147
Kernel weight : 2.08 g
Shelling % : 30.58
Export grade : W280
Mean nut yield/tree : 12.8 kg
19
Madakkathara -1(BLA-39-4)
State :Kerala
Year of release :1990
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection :Selection (Tree No.39 of Bapatla)
Parentage :BLA-139-1 x H3-13
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Intensive
Flowering :November
Fruiting :January to March
Special character Early Flowering
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :72
Nut weight :6.2 g
No. of nuts/kg :161
Kernel weight :1.64 g
Shelling % :26.8
Export grade :W280
Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg
20
Priyanka (H-1591)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1995
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage BLA-139-1 x k-30-1
Canopy type : open
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December - February
Fruiting : Febrary - May
Special character
Bold nut variety, Mid season and drought
tolerant
Apple colour : Yellowish red
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 10.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 93
Kernel weight : 2.87g
Shelling % : 26.57
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 17.03 kg
21
Sulabha (k-10-2)
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1996
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Madakkathara, 680 651
Hybrid/selection : Selection
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : January - February
Fruiting : Febrary - April
Special character Mid season
Apple colour : Light Orange
Juice % : 70
Nut weight : 9.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 102
Kernel weight : 2.88g
Shelling % : 29.4
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 21.9 kg
22
BPP-1
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T 1 x T 273
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special character :
Flush colour is pinkish, Semi tall,
Cluster bearing
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 5 g
No. of nuts/kg : 200-205
Kernel weight : 1.375 g
Shelling % : 27.5
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 10 kg
23
BPP-2
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage : T 1 x T 273
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special character :
Cluster bearer, small nut type, Semi
tall
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 4 g
No. of nuts/kg : 250
Kernel weight : 1.04 g
Shelling % : 25.7
Export grade : W450
Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg
24
BPP-3
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/3 Simhachalam)
Parentage : T 1 x T 273
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : March-May
Fruiting : April-June
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 67
Nut weight : 4.8 g
No. of nuts/kg : 208-210
Kernel weight : 1.34 g
Shelling % : 28.1
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg
25
BPP-4
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (9/8 Epurupalem)
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special Character : Poor shelling percentage
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64
Nut weight : 6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 200
Kernel weight : 1.15 g
Shelling % : 23
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg
26
BPP-5
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1980
Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (T.No.1)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special Character : Early bearer, poor shelling percentage
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64
Nut weight : 5.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 192-200
Kernel weight : 1.25 g
Shelling % : 24
Export grade : W400
Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg
27
BPP-8(H2/16)
State : Andhra pradesh
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Cashew Research Station,
Bapatla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage T 1 x T 39
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : February-April
Fruiting : April-May
Special Character : Early bearer
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64
Nut weight : 8.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 138-140
Kernel weight : 1.89 g
Shelling % : 29
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 14.5 kg
28
Chintamani-1
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Agricultural Research station,
Chintamani
Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparamba)
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : January-April
Fruiting : February-May
Special Character : Uniform and attractive nuts
Apple colour : Yellowish red
Juice % : 65.4
Nut weight : 6.9 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140-145
Kernel weight : 2.1 g
Shelling % : 31
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg
29
NRCC-1
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1989
Centre :
National Research centre for cashew,
Puttur
Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/8 Simhachalam-AP)
Canopy type : Medium compact
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : December-February
Fruiting : March-April
Special character Short duration, 5 fruits per bunch
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 7.6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 133
Kernel weight : 2.1g
Shelling % : 28.8
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 10kg
30
NRCC-2
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1989
Centre :
National Research centre for cashew,
Puttur
Hybrid/selection : Selection
Parentage 2/9 Dicherla
Canopy type : Medium compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-January
Fruiting : February-March
Special character Short duration
Apple colour : Pink
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 9.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 108
Kernel weight : 2.15g
Shelling % : 28.6
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 9kg
31
Ullal-1
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1984
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparmba)
Canopy type : Medium Spreading
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-April
Fruiting : February-May
Special character Long duration, escapes
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 64.2
Nut weight : 6.7 g
No. of nuts/kg : 145-150
Kernel weight : 2.05g
Shelling % : 30.7
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 16 kg
32
Ullal-2
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1984
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/67 Guntur)
Canopy type : Medium Spreading
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : December-March
Fruiting : February-April
Special character High yielding, short duration, small nuts
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 64.1
Nut weight : 6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 170-175
Kernel weight : 1.83g
Shelling % : 30.5
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 9 kg
33
Ullal-3
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1993
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (5/37 Manchery)
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-January
Fruiting : January-March
Special character Short flowering duration
Apple colour : Dark red
Juice % : 66.1
Nut weight : 7 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140-145
Kernel weight : 2.1g
Shelling % : 30
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 14.7 kg
34
UN-50
State : Karnataka
Year of release : 1995
Centre :
Agricultural Research station, Ullal,
Karnataka
Hybrid/selection : Selection (2/27 Nileswar-T. No.25)
Canopy type : Medium
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : November-January
Fruiting : February-May
Special character Bold nuts, high shelling percentage
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 65.2
Nut weight : 9 g
No. of nuts/kg : 110-115
Kernel weight : 2.24g
Shelling % : 32.8
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg
35
Vengurla-1
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1974
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Ansur-1)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : September- November
Fruiting : December - March
Special character : Medium sized nut, Early flowering
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 65
Nut weight : 6.2 g
No. of nuts/kg : 160
Kernel weight : 1.39g
Shelling % : 31
Export grade : W240
Mean nut yield/tree : 19kg
36
Vengurla-2
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1979
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Selection
Parentage WBDC-VI (V.37/3)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : October- December
Fruiting : January - April
Special character :
Small nut and high yielder, short flowering
and Fruit phase
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 45
Nut weight : 4.3g
No. of nuts/kg : 230
Kernel weight : 1 g
Shelling % : 32
Export grade : W320
Mean nut yield/tree : 24 kg
37
Vengurla-3
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1981
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage Ansur-1 x vetore-56
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : November-December
Fruiting : February-May
Special character : Bold size nut
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 77
Nut weight : 9.1 g
No. of nuts/kg : 115
Kernel weight : 2.09 g
Shelling % : 27
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 14.4 kg
38
Vengurla-4
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1981
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage Midnapur red x vetore-56
Canopy type : Open
Branching habit : Extensive
Flowering : November-December
Fruiting : February-May
Special character :
Good for all desirable characters, cluster
bearing.
Apple colour : Red
Juice % : 76
Nut weight : 7.7 g
No. of nuts/kg : 140
Kernel weight : 1.91 g
Shelling % : 31
Export grade : W210
Mean nut
yield/tree
: 17.2 kg
39
Vengurla-5
State :Maharashtra
Year of release :1984
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection :Hybrid
Parentage Ansur early x Mysore Kotekar 1/61
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Inensive
Flowering :October-December
Fruiting :January-April
Special character :Compact Canopy and dense shape,
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :86
Nut weight :4.5 g
No. of nuts/kg :220
Kernel weight :1 g
Shelling % :30
Export grade :W400
Mean nut
yield/tree
:16.6 kg
40
Vengurla-6
State :Maharashtra
Year of release :1991
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection :Hybrid
Parentage Vetore-56 x Ansur-1
Canopy type :Compact
Branching habit :Inensive
Flowering :November-December
Fruiting :February-May
Special character :Fruiting laterals more
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :85
Nut weight :8 g
No. of nuts/kg :196
Kernel weight :1.91
Shelling % :28
Export grade :W210
Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg
41
Vengurla-7
State : Maharashtra
Year of release : 1997
Centre :
Regional Cashew nut Research station,
Vengurla
Hybrid/selection : Hybrid
Parentage Vengurla-3 x M- 10/4 (Vri-1)
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Inensive
Flowering : November-December
Fruiting : March-May
Special character : Bold size nuts and export grade kernel
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 86
Nut weight : 10 g
No. of nuts/kg : 100
Kernel weight : 2.9 g
Shelling % : 30.5
Export grade : W180
Mean nut yield/tree : 18.5 kg
42
Goa-1
State : Goa
Year of release : 1999
Centre : ICAR Research complex, Goa
Hybrid/selection : Selection from Balli-2
Canopy type : Semi spreading
Branching habit : Semi intensive
Flowering : December-February
Fruiting : March-May
Apple colour : Yellow
Juice % : 68
Nut weight : 7.6 g
No. of nuts/kg : 133
Kernel weight : 2.2 g
Shelling % : 30
Export grade : W210
Mean nut yield/tree : 7 kg
43
Bhubaneswar-1
State : Kerala
Year of release : 1982
Centre :
Cashew Research station, KAU,
Anakkayam, Malappuram
Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla)
Parentage : T20 x K-30-1
Canopy type : Compact
Branching habit : Intensive
Flowering : October to November
Fruiting : December to January
Special character :
Early variety, vigrous & short flowering
duration
Apple colour : Pinkish yellow
Juice % : 71
Nut weight : 5.95 g
No. of nuts/kg : 168
Kernel weight : 1.67 g
Shelling % : 27.99
Export grade : W280
Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg
44
Jhargram-1
State :West Bengal
Year of release :1989
Centre :
Regional Research station, BCKV,
Jhargram
Hybrid/selection :Selection
Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla
Canopy type :Medium compact
Branching habit :Intensive
Flowering :February-April
Fruiting :April-May
Apple colour :Yellow
Juice % :63.5
Nut weight :5 g
No. of nuts/kg :190-208
Kernel weight :1.5 g
Shelling % :30
Export grade :W320
Mean nut yield/tree :8.5 Kg
45
References :
Agnolioni, M., Guilians. F. (1977): Cashew Cultivation,Instituton
Agronomico Per L’oltremare,168.
Bal, J. S. (2006): Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,p. 153.
Bose, T. K. Mitra, S. K. et al. (Ed) (1990): Tropical Horticulture, vol. 1.
Naya Prokash, Calcutta pp. 566-572
K.V.Peter.; Z.abraham (2007).biodiversity in horticultural crops.,Daya
publisher .;1,;330-339.
46
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Cashewnut: A Guide to Top Varieties in India

  • 1. 1
  • 2. 2
  • 3. Cashewnut Botanical Name: Ancardium Occidentale Family :Anacardiaceae Origin :Brazil 2n:42 Synonyms :Dollar Earning Crop, plough Crop, Gold Mine Of Waste Land 3
  • 4. Introduction Cashewnut (Anacardium Occidentale L.) is an important tropical tree crops. It is one of the major export earning crops which accounts nearly Rs. 2515 crores contributing about 1.5 per cent of the total Indian exports. It ranks second in international trade amongst the major edible nuts after Vietnam. During the past two decades it gained the status of horticulture crop. India has the distinction of being the world’s largest producer of cashewnut. The main fruit growing states in India are Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Orissa and West Bengal. 4
  • 5. The fruit cultivation area in India was 49.64 lakh hectares with an annual production of 49295 metric tones of fruits. The cashew cultivation area in India was 8.55 lakh hectares with an annual production of 5.73 lakh metric tones of raw cashew nuts. Maharashtra is a much advanced state for horticulture which occupies large area (13.46 lakh hectares) under fruit crops. State constitutes 1.64 lakh hectares area under cashew that covers 19.20 per cent of total area under cashew. The Konkan region of Maharashtra comprising of Thane, Raigad and Ratnagiri districts is the major track of cashew cultivation in the state. 5
  • 6. Species of cashewnut Cashew is botanically known as a.occidantle. according to Bailey anacardium is a small genus of eight species indigenous to south america. it appears from the published accounts that A. Occidantle is the only species ,introduced outside the new world although as many as species of anacardium exists within central america. 6
  • 7. Varieties Tamil Nadu Varieties Vridhachalam-1,Vridhachalam-2,Vridhachalam-3,VRI 4,VRI (CW) H1 Kerala Varieties Akshaya (H-7-6),Amrutha (H-1597),Anagha (H-8-1),Anakkayam-1 (BLA-139-1),Dhana (H-1608),Dharasree (H-3-17), K-22-1,Kanaka (H-1598),Madakkathara -1 (BLA-39-4),Madakkathara- 2(NDR-2-1),Priyanka (H-1591),Sulabha (K-10-2) Andhra Pradesh Varieties BPP-1,BPP-2,BPP-3,BPP-4,BPP-5,BPP-6,BPP-8(H2/16) Karnataka Varieties Chintamani-1,NRCC-1,NRCC-2,Ullal-1,Ullal-2,Ullal-3,Ullal-4,UN-50 Maharastra Vengurla-1,Vengurla-2,Vengurla-3,Vengurla-4,Vengurla-5,Vengurla- 6,Vengurla-7 Goa Goa-1 Orissa Bhubaneswar-1 7
  • 8. Species of cashewnut Botanical Name Country Anacardium Brasiliense Barb. Brazil A.Curatellaefolium St Hil Brazil A. Encardiumm Noronha Malaya A .Giganteum Hancock Ex Engl. Brazil A .Mediterraneum Vell. Brazil A.Microsepalum Loes Amazon Region A.Parvifolium Ducke Amazon Region A .Rondonianum Machado Brazil A.Tenuifolium Ducke Brazil A .Microcarpum Ducke Amazon Region 8
  • 9. Vridhachalam-1 (M10/4) State : Tamil Nadu Year of release : 1981 Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam Hybrid/selection : Selection from vazhisodanipalayam material Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : January-April Fruiting : February-May Special character : Suitable for coastal region, medium sized tree Apple colour : Yellow with slight red tinge Juice % : 74 Nut weight : 5 g No. of nuts/kg : 200 Kernel weight : 1.4g Shelling % : 28 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg 9
  • 10. Vridhachalam-2 (M44/3) State : Tamil Nadu Year of release : 1985 Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree 1668 of Kattu palli) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Inetnsive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : March-May Special character : Compact canopy, Wide acceptability Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 82 Nut weight : 5.1 g No. of nuts/kg : 195 nuts approximately Kernel weight : 1.45g Shelling % : 28.3 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 7.4 kg 10
  • 11. Vridhachalam-3 (M 26/2) State : Tamil Nadu Year of release : 1991 Centre : Regional Research station, Vridhachalam Hybrid/selection : Selection (Edayanchavadi material) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Inensive Flowering : January-February Fruiting : February-May Special character : Early flowering, bold nut type Apple colour : Red Juice % : 72.8 Nut weight : 7.18 g No. of nuts/kg : 140 Kernel weight : 2.16 g Shelling % : 29.1 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 11.68 kg 11
  • 12. Akshaya (H-7-6) State : Kerala Year of release : 1998 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : H-4-7 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special character : Mid season Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 11 g No. of nuts/kg : 91 Kernel weight : 3.12 g Shelling % : 28.36 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 11.78 kg 12
  • 13. Amrutha (H-1597) State : Kerala Year of release : 1998 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H-3-13 Canopy type : Spreading Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special character : Mid season Variety Apple colour : Yellowish Juice % : 72.2 Nut weight : 7.18 g No. of nuts/kg : 139 Kernel weight : 2.24 g Shelling % : 31.58 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 18.35 kg 13
  • 14. Anagha (H-8-1) State : Kerala Year of release : 1998 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T20 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : January - February Fruiting : Febrary - April Special character : Mid season Apple colour : Orange red Juice % : 66 Nut weight : 10 g No. of nuts/kg : 100 Kernel weight : 2.9 g Shelling % : 29 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 13.73 kg 14
  • 15. Anakkayam -1(BLA-139-1) State : Kerala Year of release : 1982 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla) Parentage : T20 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : October to November Fruiting : December to January Special character : Early variety, vigrous & short flowering duration Apple colour : Pinkish yellow Juice % : 71 Nut weight : 5.95 g No. of nuts/kg : 168 Kernel weight : 1.67 g Shelling % : 27.99 Export grade : W280 Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg 15
  • 16. Dhana (H-1598) State : Kerala Year of release : 1993 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : ALGD-1 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special Character : Midseason, Cluster bearing Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 72 Nut weight : 8.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 122 Kernel weight : 2.44 g Shelling % : 29.8 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg 16
  • 17. Dharasree (H-3-17) State : Kerala Year of release : 1996 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam,Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T30 x Brazil -18 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - January Fruiting : January - March Special Character : Midseason Apple colour : Yellowish pink Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 7.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 128 Kernel weight : 2.4 g Shelling % : 30.5 Export grade : W240 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.66 kg 17
  • 18. K-22-1 State :Kerala Year of release :1987 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection :Selection (Kottarakkara 22) Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Intensive Flowering :December- February Fruiting :Febrary - March Special character Mid season variety Apple colour :Red Juice % :67.5 Nut weight :6.2 g No. of nuts/kg :161 Kernel weight :1.6 g Shelling % :26.5 Export grade :W280 Mean nut yield/tree :13.2 kg 18
  • 19. Kanaka (H-1598) State : Kerala Year of release : 1993 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : BLA-139-1 x H3-13 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November to December Fruiting : December to March Special character Mid season flowering Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 70 Nut weight : 6.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 147 Kernel weight : 2.08 g Shelling % : 30.58 Export grade : W280 Mean nut yield/tree : 12.8 kg 19
  • 20. Madakkathara -1(BLA-39-4) State :Kerala Year of release :1990 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection :Selection (Tree No.39 of Bapatla) Parentage :BLA-139-1 x H3-13 Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Intensive Flowering :November Fruiting :January to March Special character Early Flowering Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :72 Nut weight :6.2 g No. of nuts/kg :161 Kernel weight :1.64 g Shelling % :26.8 Export grade :W280 Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg 20
  • 21. Priyanka (H-1591) State : Kerala Year of release : 1995 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage BLA-139-1 x k-30-1 Canopy type : open Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December - February Fruiting : Febrary - May Special character Bold nut variety, Mid season and drought tolerant Apple colour : Yellowish red Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 10.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 93 Kernel weight : 2.87g Shelling % : 26.57 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 17.03 kg 21
  • 22. Sulabha (k-10-2) State : Kerala Year of release : 1996 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Madakkathara, 680 651 Hybrid/selection : Selection Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : January - February Fruiting : Febrary - April Special character Mid season Apple colour : Light Orange Juice % : 70 Nut weight : 9.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 102 Kernel weight : 2.88g Shelling % : 29.4 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 21.9 kg 22
  • 23. BPP-1 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T 1 x T 273 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special character : Flush colour is pinkish, Semi tall, Cluster bearing Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 5 g No. of nuts/kg : 200-205 Kernel weight : 1.375 g Shelling % : 27.5 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 10 kg 23
  • 24. BPP-2 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage : T 1 x T 273 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special character : Cluster bearer, small nut type, Semi tall Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 4 g No. of nuts/kg : 250 Kernel weight : 1.04 g Shelling % : 25.7 Export grade : W450 Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg 24
  • 25. BPP-3 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/3 Simhachalam) Parentage : T 1 x T 273 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : March-May Fruiting : April-June Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 67 Nut weight : 4.8 g No. of nuts/kg : 208-210 Kernel weight : 1.34 g Shelling % : 28.1 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg 25
  • 26. BPP-4 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Selection (9/8 Epurupalem) Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special Character : Poor shelling percentage Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64 Nut weight : 6 g No. of nuts/kg : 200 Kernel weight : 1.15 g Shelling % : 23 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg 26
  • 27. BPP-5 State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1980 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Selection (T.No.1) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special Character : Early bearer, poor shelling percentage Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64 Nut weight : 5.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 192-200 Kernel weight : 1.25 g Shelling % : 24 Export grade : W400 Mean nut yield/tree : 11 kg 27
  • 28. BPP-8(H2/16) State : Andhra pradesh Year of release : 1993 Centre : Cashew Research Station, Bapatla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage T 1 x T 39 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : February-April Fruiting : April-May Special Character : Early bearer Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64 Nut weight : 8.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 138-140 Kernel weight : 1.89 g Shelling % : 29 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 14.5 kg 28
  • 29. Chintamani-1 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1993 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Chintamani Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparamba) Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : January-April Fruiting : February-May Special Character : Uniform and attractive nuts Apple colour : Yellowish red Juice % : 65.4 Nut weight : 6.9 g No. of nuts/kg : 140-145 Kernel weight : 2.1 g Shelling % : 31 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 7.2 kg 29
  • 30. NRCC-1 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1989 Centre : National Research centre for cashew, Puttur Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/8 Simhachalam-AP) Canopy type : Medium compact Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : December-February Fruiting : March-April Special character Short duration, 5 fruits per bunch Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 7.6 g No. of nuts/kg : 133 Kernel weight : 2.1g Shelling % : 28.8 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 10kg 30
  • 31. NRCC-2 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1989 Centre : National Research centre for cashew, Puttur Hybrid/selection : Selection Parentage 2/9 Dicherla Canopy type : Medium compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-January Fruiting : February-March Special character Short duration Apple colour : Pink Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 9.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 108 Kernel weight : 2.15g Shelling % : 28.6 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 9kg 31
  • 32. Ullal-1 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1984 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (8/46 Thaliparmba) Canopy type : Medium Spreading Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-April Fruiting : February-May Special character Long duration, escapes Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 64.2 Nut weight : 6.7 g No. of nuts/kg : 145-150 Kernel weight : 2.05g Shelling % : 30.7 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 16 kg 32
  • 33. Ullal-2 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1984 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (3/67 Guntur) Canopy type : Medium Spreading Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : December-March Fruiting : February-April Special character High yielding, short duration, small nuts Apple colour : Red Juice % : 64.1 Nut weight : 6 g No. of nuts/kg : 170-175 Kernel weight : 1.83g Shelling % : 30.5 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 9 kg 33
  • 34. Ullal-3 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1993 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (5/37 Manchery) Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-January Fruiting : January-March Special character Short flowering duration Apple colour : Dark red Juice % : 66.1 Nut weight : 7 g No. of nuts/kg : 140-145 Kernel weight : 2.1g Shelling % : 30 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 14.7 kg 34
  • 35. UN-50 State : Karnataka Year of release : 1995 Centre : Agricultural Research station, Ullal, Karnataka Hybrid/selection : Selection (2/27 Nileswar-T. No.25) Canopy type : Medium Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : November-January Fruiting : February-May Special character Bold nuts, high shelling percentage Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 65.2 Nut weight : 9 g No. of nuts/kg : 110-115 Kernel weight : 2.24g Shelling % : 32.8 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 10.5 kg 35
  • 36. Vengurla-1 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1974 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Selection (Ansur-1) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : September- November Fruiting : December - March Special character : Medium sized nut, Early flowering Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 65 Nut weight : 6.2 g No. of nuts/kg : 160 Kernel weight : 1.39g Shelling % : 31 Export grade : W240 Mean nut yield/tree : 19kg 36
  • 37. Vengurla-2 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1979 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Selection Parentage WBDC-VI (V.37/3) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : October- December Fruiting : January - April Special character : Small nut and high yielder, short flowering and Fruit phase Apple colour : Red Juice % : 45 Nut weight : 4.3g No. of nuts/kg : 230 Kernel weight : 1 g Shelling % : 32 Export grade : W320 Mean nut yield/tree : 24 kg 37
  • 38. Vengurla-3 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1981 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage Ansur-1 x vetore-56 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : November-December Fruiting : February-May Special character : Bold size nut Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 77 Nut weight : 9.1 g No. of nuts/kg : 115 Kernel weight : 2.09 g Shelling % : 27 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 14.4 kg 38
  • 39. Vengurla-4 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1981 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage Midnapur red x vetore-56 Canopy type : Open Branching habit : Extensive Flowering : November-December Fruiting : February-May Special character : Good for all desirable characters, cluster bearing. Apple colour : Red Juice % : 76 Nut weight : 7.7 g No. of nuts/kg : 140 Kernel weight : 1.91 g Shelling % : 31 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 17.2 kg 39
  • 40. Vengurla-5 State :Maharashtra Year of release :1984 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection :Hybrid Parentage Ansur early x Mysore Kotekar 1/61 Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Inensive Flowering :October-December Fruiting :January-April Special character :Compact Canopy and dense shape, Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :86 Nut weight :4.5 g No. of nuts/kg :220 Kernel weight :1 g Shelling % :30 Export grade :W400 Mean nut yield/tree :16.6 kg 40
  • 41. Vengurla-6 State :Maharashtra Year of release :1991 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection :Hybrid Parentage Vetore-56 x Ansur-1 Canopy type :Compact Branching habit :Inensive Flowering :November-December Fruiting :February-May Special character :Fruiting laterals more Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :85 Nut weight :8 g No. of nuts/kg :196 Kernel weight :1.91 Shelling % :28 Export grade :W210 Mean nut yield/tree :13.8 kg 41
  • 42. Vengurla-7 State : Maharashtra Year of release : 1997 Centre : Regional Cashew nut Research station, Vengurla Hybrid/selection : Hybrid Parentage Vengurla-3 x M- 10/4 (Vri-1) Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Inensive Flowering : November-December Fruiting : March-May Special character : Bold size nuts and export grade kernel Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 86 Nut weight : 10 g No. of nuts/kg : 100 Kernel weight : 2.9 g Shelling % : 30.5 Export grade : W180 Mean nut yield/tree : 18.5 kg 42
  • 43. Goa-1 State : Goa Year of release : 1999 Centre : ICAR Research complex, Goa Hybrid/selection : Selection from Balli-2 Canopy type : Semi spreading Branching habit : Semi intensive Flowering : December-February Fruiting : March-May Apple colour : Yellow Juice % : 68 Nut weight : 7.6 g No. of nuts/kg : 133 Kernel weight : 2.2 g Shelling % : 30 Export grade : W210 Mean nut yield/tree : 7 kg 43
  • 44. Bhubaneswar-1 State : Kerala Year of release : 1982 Centre : Cashew Research station, KAU, Anakkayam, Malappuram Hybrid/selection : Selection (Tree No.139 of Bapatla) Parentage : T20 x K-30-1 Canopy type : Compact Branching habit : Intensive Flowering : October to November Fruiting : December to January Special character : Early variety, vigrous & short flowering duration Apple colour : Pinkish yellow Juice % : 71 Nut weight : 5.95 g No. of nuts/kg : 168 Kernel weight : 1.67 g Shelling % : 27.99 Export grade : W280 Mean nut yield/tree : 12 kg 44
  • 45. Jhargram-1 State :West Bengal Year of release :1989 Centre : Regional Research station, BCKV, Jhargram Hybrid/selection :Selection Parentage :T.No 16 of Bapatla Canopy type :Medium compact Branching habit :Intensive Flowering :February-April Fruiting :April-May Apple colour :Yellow Juice % :63.5 Nut weight :5 g No. of nuts/kg :190-208 Kernel weight :1.5 g Shelling % :30 Export grade :W320 Mean nut yield/tree :8.5 Kg 45
  • 46. References : Agnolioni, M., Guilians. F. (1977): Cashew Cultivation,Instituton Agronomico Per L’oltremare,168. Bal, J. S. (2006): Fruit Growing, Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana,p. 153. Bose, T. K. Mitra, S. K. et al. (Ed) (1990): Tropical Horticulture, vol. 1. Naya Prokash, Calcutta pp. 566-572 K.V.Peter.; Z.abraham (2007).biodiversity in horticultural crops.,Daya publisher .;1,;330-339. 46
  • 47. 47