1. Nikitina Anastasiya
Communications Department
Chuvash State University

2. The media of Russia is diverse, with a wide range of broadcast and
print outlets are available to the consumer, offering all kinds of
perspectives and catering for all tastes.
In total, there are 93,000 media outlets in Russia, including 27,000
newspapers and magazines and 330 television channels. Television is
the most popular source of information. There are three television
channels with a nationwide outreach, and a multitude of regional
channels. Local and national newspapers are the second most popular
choice, while the Internet comes third. In all media spheres there is a
mixture of private and state-ownership. There is no lack of independent
media in Russia, especially in print media, radio and the internet.
The organisation Reporters Without Borders compiles and publishes an
annual ranking of countries based upon the organisation's assessment of
their press freedom records. In 2011-12 Russia was ranked 142nd out of
179th countries, which was an improvement from the preceding year.

3. Russia has very wide range of print
media. There are over 400 daily
newspapers, covering every field, and
offering all kinds of perspectives. The
total number of newspapers in Russia is
8,978, and they have a total annual
circulation of 8.2 billion copies. There are
also 6,698 magazines and periodicals
with a total annual circulation of 1.6
billion copies. Russia has the largest
number of newspaper journalists in the
world (102,300), followed by China
(82,849) and the United States (54,134),
according to statistics published by
UNESCO in 2005.

4. Newspapers are the second most popular media in Russia, after television.
Local newspapers are more popular than national ones, with 27% of Russians
consulting local newspapers routinely and 40% reading them occasionally.
For national newspapers, the corresponding figures are 18% and 38%,
respectively.
According to figures from the National Circulation Service agency, the most
popular newspaper is Argumenty i Fakty which has a circulation of 2.9 million.
It is followed by Weekly Life (1.9 million), TV Guide (1.2 million) and Perm
Region Izvestiya (1 million). However, only about half of all Russian
newspapers are registered with the agency.
Some of the leading newspapers in Russia are tabloids, including Zhizn. The
most important business newspapers are Vedomosti and the influential
Kommersant. Many newspapers are opposition-leaning, such as the critical
Nezavisimaya Gazeta and Novaya Gazeta, which is known for its
investigative journalism. The main English-language newspapers are Moscow
Times, St Petersburg Times and Moscow News. 6 of the 10 most circulated
Russian newspapers are based in Moscow, while the other 4 are based in
other cities and regions.

6.  Коmsomolskaya Pravda -
mass circulation, left-
 Trud - left-leaning daily
leaning daily  Argumenty i Fakty -
 Kommersant - daily, popular weekly
business-orientated  Novaya Gazeta - twice-
 Moskovskij Komsomolets weekly, known for its
- popular daily investigative journalism
 Izvestia - popular business
 Vedomosti
daily  The Moscow Times -
 Rossiyskaya Gazeta - English-language daily
government-owned daily  The Moscow News -
 Nezavisimaya Gazeta - English-language weekly
pro-opposition privately
owned daily

7. TV in Russia

8. Television is the most popular media in Russia, with 74% of the
population watching national television channels routinely and 59%
routinely watching regional channels. There are 330 television
channels in total. 3 channels have a nationwide outreach (over 90%
coverage of the Russian territory): First Channel, Rossiya and NTV.
According to 2005 television ratings, the most popular channel was
First Channel (22.9%), followed by Rossiya (22.6%). The survey
responders' local TV company was third with a rating of 12.3%. The
three national TV channels provide both news and entertainment,
while the most popular entertainment-only channels are STS (10.3%
rating) and TNT (6.7%). The most popular sports channel is Russia 2
(formerly Sport; rating 1.8%), while the most popular culture channel
is Russia K (formerly Kultura; rating 2.5%). Russia K and Russia 2 have
the third and fourth largest coverage of all Russian TV channels, with
Russia K reaching 78.9% of the urban and 36.2% of the rural
population and Russia 2 reaching 51.5% and 15.6%, respectively.
Regional television is relatively popular in Russia, and according to a
2005 report by TNS Gallup Media, regional audiences rely mainly on
news and analysis provided by regional channels.

9. Main television channels
Rossiya - national, state-owned channel - news
and entertainment
First Channel - national, state-owned channel -
news and entertainment
NTV - national commercial channel - news and
entertainment
Russia K - state-owned - culture and arts
Russia 2 - commercial - sports
STS - commercial - entertainment
TV Center - owned by Moscow city
government - news and entertainment
Ren TV - Moscow-based commercial station
with strong regional network
Russia Today - state-funded, international
English-language news channel

13. Radio Russia - national network
Radio Mayak - state-run national network
Radio Yunost - youth station
Echo of Moscow - news and analysis
Russkoye Radio - major private network
Voice of Russia - state-run external service,
broadcasts in English and other
languages

14. Itar-Tass
The Information Telegraph Agency of Russia is the major
news agency of Russia. It is headquartered in Moscow.
RIA Novosti
Russian International News Agency is a Russian state-
owned news agency . The agency publishes news and
analysis of social-political, economic, scientific and financial
subjects on the Internet and via e-mail in the main European
languages, as well as in Persian, Japanese, Chinese and
Arabic. It has a correspondent network in the Russian
Federation, CIS and over 40 non-CIS countries.
Interfax
It is part of the Interfax Information Service Group, a group
of approximately 30 companies that consist of national,
regional and branch information agencies under the Interfax
name.

15. Currently Internet access in
Russia is available to businesses
and home users in various forms,
including dial-up, cable, DSL,
FTTH, mobile, wireless and
satellite
In September 2011, Russia
overtook Germany as the
European market with the highest
number of unique visitors online.
Russian Internet is also known as
Runet.

16. Gazeta.ru is a Russian online newspaper covering
politics and business. The first issue was published on 28
February 1999. As of November 2011, gazeta.ru was the
third most popular news outlet in all of Runet.
Lenta.Ru is a Moscow-based news website in Russian
language, owned by Rambler Media Group which
belongs to Prof-Media. It is considered one of the most
popular Russian language online resources with over 600
thousand visitors daily.
REGNUM News Agency is a Russian federal online
news service disseminating news from Russia and
abroad from its own correspondents, affiliate agencies
and partners. Today, REGNUM covers events in all
regions of Russia, neighboring countries in Europe,
Central Asia and Transcaucasus.

20.  TV
 Pervyi kanal - www.1tv.ru
 Rossiya - www.rutv.ru
 TVC - www.tvc.ru
 NTV - www.ntv.ru
 Sport - www.rtr-sport.ru
 Ren-TV - www.ren-tv.com
 Centre TV - www.tvc.ru
 Russia Today - www.russiatoday.ru
 Radio
 Echo Moskvy - www.echo.msk.ru
 Mayak24, 67.22FM and 549 AM. - www.radiomayak.ru
 NTV plus - www.ntvplus.ru
 Radio Russia - www.radiorus.ru
 Voice of Russia - www.ruvr.ru

21.  Izvestia Moscow-www.izvestia.ru
 Komsomolskaya Pravda - www.kp.ru
 Moskovsky Komsomolets - www.mk.ru
 Novaya gazeta - www.novayagazeta.ru
 Nyezavisimaya Gazeta - www.ng.ru
 Kommersant - www.kommersant.ru
 The Moscow Times - www.themoscowtimes.com
 Sovetskyi Sport - www.sovsport.ru
 Rossiiskaya gazeta - www.rg.ru
 Argumentiy i Faktiy - www.aif.ru

24. 1.Do you generally trust
the media?
a) Yes, I do.
b) I don’t take anything
for granted, but don’t
deny, either.
c) I don’t trust it.

25. 2. What media seems to be
the most relevant and
important nowadays
(providing the greatest impact
on your life)?
a)TV
b)Internet
c)Press
d)Radio

26. 3.How often do you watch TV?
a)every day for several hours
b)rather often
c)a few hours a week
d)I rarely watch/don’t watch
at all

27. 4.How often do you look for
information in the Internet?
a) every day for several hours
b) rather often
c) a few hours a week
d) I watch rarely/never
watch.

28. 5.What kind of material do you
look for on the Internet?
a) usual news (economics,
politics)
b) technical, educational
news(news that deal with your
speciality)
c) sports news , fashion , art,
music, etc.
d) news on private life of
celebrities, sensational news

29. 6.Do you use online forums
to communicate and
receive information (e.g.
“Facebook”, “In
contact”,etc..)?
a)Yes, I spend a lot of time
on the forums.
b) Yes, sometimes I do.
c) I rarely do it/don’t do.

30. 7. Do you read newspapers?
a) Yes, regularly.
b) Yes, often.
c) Sometimes.
d) Very seldom/ never.

31. 8.What type of newspapers do
you prefer?
a) general news
(“MK”,”AIF”,etc)
b) business, specialized (e.g.
“Kommersant”)
c) entertaining, cultural
(“culture” ,etc)
d) yellow press

32. 9. Do you read magazines?
a) Yes, several magazines a
month.
b) Yes,a magazine a month.
c) I read them several times a
month.
d) I don’t read them.

33. 10. Do you listen to the radio?
a) Yes, every day.
b)Yes,a few hours a week.
c)From time to time.
d)I don’t listen to it.

34. 11.What , in your opinion, does
modern mass media lack?
a)freedom of speech
b)reliability
c)professionalism in the
information presentation
d)originality
g)censorship
e) lack of desired topic
z) other