Traditional CDNs were designed to accelerate static objects on a website by architecting the site to store the static objects in a different host location, away from the main site, CNAME-ing only that host to the CDN provider. This separation was crucial, as the CDN handled only the static pages, and the non-cacheable objects were served directly from the origin server. However, this approach is inherently inefficient, as it requires modification of the existing site. It is also error prone as links–internal or external–may still direct to the original host.

1. A Smarter Content Delivery System
To Accelerate Complex Content
The Evolution of A Holistic, Fresh Central Management:
Legacy CDNs Approach To Internet • Centralized management
1998 to 2010 were twelve years of Content Delivery architecture, rather than
explosive, global growth in the use distributed approach, enabling
In 2008, Cotendo took a fresh
of the Internet. In 1998, the year better and easier control of
approach to the problem of online
Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) content and visibility of all online
content delivery. Using a holistic view
first appeared, the Internet was a traffic, while still being fully
of the Internet, Cotendo’s software
landscape of static objects used by redundant and fault tolerant;
engineers and Internet experts
just 147 million people, only 3.6% of leveraged the latest software develop- • Centralized management tools that
the world’s population. In December ment techniques to maximize provide full control to manage
2009, the number of users had grown efficiency at each step in the process the configuration and publish
more than ten fold, to over of the content delivery value chain. in real time;
1.7 billion users–over 25% of the They also focused on the important • Real-time, online reporting (not
world’s population*. and unmet need for flexible content just daily or weekly reports).
acceleration and site acceleration
The Internet of today looks and acts Whole Site Acceleration:
services, as well as the need for
nothing like the Internet of 1998. • Integrated suite of content
sophisticated management of per-
However, the prevailing approach to delivery and website acceleration
formance and cost. The goal was to
managing and accelerating content solutions;
develop the next-generation content
on the Internet is built on the original
delivery platform, using intelligent • Accelerated delivery of ALL types
1998 architecture. A patchwork of
server software, which would drive of content–small objects, large
in-house developed and acquired
optimized content in the ways outlined
000001 objects, dynamic (non-cacheable)
solutions have been glued onto the
in the next section. or static (cacheable) content, and
original foundation, as traditional
CDNs add mountains of servers to try Infrastructure: either standard or Secure Sockets
to push more volume and variety of Layer (SSL) delivery;
• Unified and optimized server,
content through fatter “pipes.” • Fast, secure, and reliable whole
rather than the traditional
approach of bolting on more site acceleration of both static
At the same time, the expectations and dynamic content;
of global end users for the efficient servers and infrastructure;
delivery of static and dynamic content • More economical and efficient • Highly efficient and advanced
has grown as the amount of content use of hardware—one server distributed Domain Name
and number of online users grows. performing all content delivery Service (DNS);
Over time, throwing more servers and tasks, instead of having dedicated From this groundbreaking work
bigger pipes at the problem becomes servers for each individual service. emerged the Cotendo Unity Platform,
increasingly expensive, burdening the (The multiple-server model of a new class of purpose-built CDN and
content provider, while not addressing old-fashioned CDNs results in Site Acceleration services, based on
the fundamental challenges of deliver- less efficient performance, as an evaluation of the key issues that
ing today’s diverse content efficiently. well as complex and inefficient content providers face today, around
The old-fashioned “fatter pipes” integration.) performance, efficiency, and function-
approach is being overwhelmed by the ality. The tight integration among the
immense volume of online content and services in the Cotendo Unity Platform
the global demand for access yields the maximum performance in
to the content. content acceleration for co-mingled
and co-located delivery and DNS
services, streamlining delivery of all
types of content to end users around
the globe.
*Internet Growth and Statistics—Internet Usage Stats, September 2009:
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2. The Cotendo Cotendo’s “Secret Sauce”—
SSL Unity Platform Unified Proxy Delivery
NT
DY
NA The Cotendo Unity Platform is based The core of the Cotendo Unity
TE RY ACC SI M
D ON VE RK
LI O EL TE I
ER on the following services, which also Platform is the Unified Proxy Delivery
C
TW
C
NE E A
ME
TI TION serve as the foundation for its Server. To efficiently handle all types
TI
L- URA
ON
continuing innovation: of content (small and large files,
RE ONT
CON REA
C
G
AL ROL
FI
-TIME
dynamic and static content, and
NCED
M O NITO
• Content Delivery—Increases the secure or standard HTTP), Cotendo
ASSU
SITE
S
speed of delivery of static content
VA
developed highly efficient software
DN
RE
A IME
RE L-T
RE
AD
P O RTIN G
of all types, with the flexibility to that will boost the performance of any
RI
manage all aspects of caching
NG
CDN standard server, enabling it to out-
BALANCER
and delivery; perform any competing server. This
• Dynamic Site Acceleration (DSA)— software facilitates efficient handling
Accelerates the performance of many requests, simultaneously, and
of dynamic Web pages, such includes a proprietary file system and
as personalized content, Web I/O management subsystem to enable
applications, and Software as a high I/O throughput with minimal time
Service (SaaS) solutions; required to fetch a file from the cache,
regardless of its size or type.
• SSL Delivery—Enables robust
The Cotendo security, immediate full-
Cotendo Content Delivery
range SSL;
Unity Platform Traditional CDNs were designed to
delivers synergies • Whole Site Acceleration—
accelerate static objects on a website
Combines Cotendo’s three
in accessibility, by architecting the site to store the
content acceleration services–
static objects in a different host
simplicity, and agility Content Delivery, Dynamic Site
location, away from the main site,
that traditional CDNs Acceleration, and SSL Delivery–
CNAME-ing only that host to the CDN
cannot produce. to ensure easy and seamless
provider. This separation was crucial,
integration for all content delivery
as the CDN handled only the static
requirements, served from the
pages, and the non-cacheable objects
000001
same platform;
were served directly from the origin
• CDN Balancer—Balances server. However, this approach is
Cotendo Content performance and cost-of-delivery inherently inefficient, as it requires
by allocating CDN resources based modification of the existing site. It is
Delivery service,
on geography, time of day, balance also error prone as links–internal or
combined with by load versus capacity of the external–may still direct to the
Dynamic Site origin server, and more; original host.
Acceleration and • Advanced Domain Name Service
With Cotendo, all content can be
SSL, delivers Whole (ADNS)—Utilizes sophisticated
served from the same server, there
Site Acceleration– controls to instantly adjust DNS
is no effort required to integrate the
configurations, balance traffic
one service served CDN to serve the site, and separation
between different resources, and
between different types of objects is
from one hostname– bolster security by protecting
not required.
resulting in smooth from Distributed Denial of Service
and easy integration (DDoS) attacks; The Cotendo Unity Platform is built on
• Site Assure—Monitors core Web a real-time content control layer that
and maximum
services and other resources, isn’t bound by typical hardware or
flexibility. software constraints. Cotendo’s flexible
and automates failover response
to minimize risk and ensure software platform was designed from
maximum uptime; the ground up for real-time content
control and advanced functionality, to
• Real-Time Reporting—Leverages
maximize the key CDN performance
detailed performance metrics
areas of delivery speed and system
24/7, for making optimal IT and
efficiency. The resulting Cotendo CDN
business decisions in real time.
easily manages larger volumes of
content with less hardware, yielding
greater performance efficiencies.
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3. Cotendo Dynamic Cotendo SSL
Cotendo Content Site Acceleration Cotendo SSL provides a wide range
Cotendo Dynamic Site Acceleration of options for configuring an optimal
Delivery and Dynamic
(DSA) is a highly efficient and robust secure delivery channel for all Web-
Site Acceleration work delivered content, whether it is
DSA service focused on improving
together to seamlessly the delivery of non-cacheable static or dynamic. As the IP address
deliver both cacheable website content. resolution of a server is done on the
DNS level, when it is still unknown
static content and
DSA provides a high degree of whether the requested content is
non-cacheable protocol and connection optimization HTTP or HTTPS, secure traffic going to
dynamic content. The that significantly increases delivery the same host cannot be diverted to
Cotendo Web-based performance of dynamic content from another IP address. To overcome this
the origin location to the regionally challenge, traditional CDNs require
management interface
closest Cotendo DSA content delivery modification of the site/application so
provides real-time location. This acceleration is accom- that the secured content will be served
setup and unified plished through protocol and connec- from a dedicated (different) host.
management of ALL tion optimization. DSA also decreases With Cotendo SSL, instead of separat-
the load on the dynamic content ing content into several servers and
Cotendo services.
server and provides much higher ef- hosts, Cotendo’s intelligent software
ficiency and leverage of Web applica- can handle both types of traffic on the
tion assets, relative to the number of same server, automatically determin-
customers supported. The result is ing whether or not the content
lower Web server load, faster server is SSL protected and handling
response times, and accelerated per- it appropriately.
formance of the connection between
the user and the website.
Low Latency Optimized connection
High Capacity eases database load and
000001
Global Network maximizes performance
? Latency Customer
? Capacity Origin
Non-Cachable
Dynamic Site Dynamic Content
Cotendo SSL is Acceleration Web Applications
a secure, high- End User Requests
performance delivery
option for both
Cotendo Content
In addition, Cotendo DSA offers Due to the nature of the SSL protocol,
Delivery and Cotendo the flexibility of multiple deploy- such as the key exchange process in
Dynamic Site ment methods with asymmetric or the initiation of an SSL session, the
Acceleration. symmetric site acceleration, as well combination of SSL with DSA acceler-
as a mixed-mode model where both ates dynamic and secure content and
The three, combined,
methods may be used to reflect often produces a dramatic reduction
are the foundation of different conditions and business rules in latency, resulting in the serving of
Cotendo Whole Site in different geographic regions. The objects up to 10 times faster than the
Acceleration. flexibility of choosing acceleration origin. This is particularly important in
modes enables online businesses to the E-Commerce checkout process.
balance the costs and benefits of each
mode for a given location and service.
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4. Cotendo Whole service behavior, as well as the ability
Site Acceleration to layer rules for different contexts or
The Cotendo CDN and real-time conditions.
Site Acceleration Suite The Cotendo Whole Site Acceleration
solution combines Content Delivery, Cotendo Views makes it easy to
delivers improved
Dynamic Site Acceleration, and Secure integrate a site utilizing DSA, static
performance, security, SSL to serve all content from a single content (CDN) and SSL, control-
control, agility, and host. A completely integrated system, ling cache parameters, different SSL
visibility for websites Whole Site Acceleration provides easy deployment methods, and more. All
integration and seamless handling of the configuration is done on the
and Web applications
of different types of content, accel- central management interface and
for both static and erating all content and applications requires no modification of the origin
dynamic content. delivered by an origin server to an servers or of the website’s code.
end customer. Whole Site Acceleration
puts an end to segregation of content Cotendo Advanced DNS
by type, since it serves as a proxy for At the heart of fast delivery of online
all the content provider’s Web traffic. content is efficient Domain Name
This combination delivers outstanding Service (DNS) manipulation. With
performance, control, agility, Cotendo’s approach for Advanced DNS
and visibility. management, the required address
is retrieved on the first query. Tradi-
To enable easy integration without
tional CDNs have evolved through a
re-architecture of the website,
patch-work of distributed solutions
Cotendo provides Cotendo Views.
to highly inefficient DNS services, in
Cotendo Views is an advanced
which reaching the correct content
control technology included as a
server requires a set of several back-
core component of Cotendo’s Unity
and-forth queries to get the right
platform. Cotendo Views allows
IP address to the right server. This
sophisticated definition, as well
latency slows the delivery of informa-
as selective refinement, of object
tion to end users.
behavior and handling. It is enabled
by a core software architecture that
000001 Cotendo’s Advanced DNS (ADNS) is a
anticipates a CDN customer’s require- high-performance, globally-distributed
ment for granular content control, DNS service for any website or Web
unbound from traditional constraints application, regardless of the physical
or methods. Cotendo Views enables location of the server and the
control via both logical and contex- end user.
tual rules for Web object and Web
Low Latency
High Performance
Combining Cotendo Global Deployment
Security
ADNS with Site Assure
Distributed DNS
Faster Performance with
reflects service common DNS & CDN/DSA
status in real time,
Integrated management with
automatically directing Content Delivery Manager
Cotendo CDN
traffic to the right
resource to ensure Customer
End User Requests Origin
business and
service continuity. Cotendo Dynamic
Site Acceleration
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5. DNS is a common target of Distrib- on monitored conditions of the origin
uted Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks server. Site Assure simplifies high
The combination that can take the entire online service availability with easy integration. Site
of Whole Site down. Cotendo’s distributed ADNS Assure requires no change to the
Acceleration with service is architected to be highly Web architecture. It provides rules to
redundant and can withhold and block manage out-of-norm events, e.g. the
Cotendo Site Assure
heavy attacks due to its efficiency server is down, the site is down,
and Cotendo ADNS and architecture. or the load on a specific server is
results in optimal up or down.
In addition, Cotendo’s Advanced DNS
service continuity and
can balance traffic between different Cotendo CDN Balancer
zero downtime. data centers based on different
Cotendo CDN Balancer enables the
policies (geo-proximity, weight, time
allocation of Web traffic based on
of day, or other). For customers
monetization strategy, business
with multiple data centers or origins,
policies, and IT policies. With its
combining ADNS with Cotendo Whole
Cotendo CDN Balancer flexible, Web-based management
Site Delivery enables accelerated
console, companies create rules based
works with DSA and delivery of content, allowing Cotendo
on weighted allocation of traffic, user’s
the Cotendo Content servers to efficiently fetch content
location, time of day, and domain
from the origin server closest to them.
Delivery service to accessed. Changes to the configura-
configure the most tion are reflected immediately, in real
Cotendo Site Assure
time, on the network. CDN Balancer
efficient and cost- Cotendo Site Assure is a fully custom- can be used not only with Cotendo
effective content izable, 24X7, smart monitoring, and Unity Platform services, but also with
delivery resources for automatic failover service. It maintains existing resources, including other
maximum origin service availability by CDNs, for a multi-vendor strategy,
global content delivery
monitoring core websites and applica- or with the company’s own
needs, and enables the tions from multiple distributed agents, internal resources.
creation of customer- and implements routing policies based
specific, flexible
policies and rules to 000001
most effectively use
a multi-vendor Serve from
Origin
CDN approach.
Requests from Origin Area GeoIP
Information
Cotendo
Content
Delivery
Your Own
Resources
Requests from Rest of World
Cotendo Other CDN
CDN Balancer Providers
Adjust Load Distribution
in Real Time
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6. Cotendo Real-Time Unrivaled Customer
Reporting Support—An Example
Cotendo Real-Time Reporting is ReadingGlasses.com implemented
a Web-based, real-time reporting Cotendo services–Content Delivery,
system for the Cotendo Unity Dynamic Site Acceleration, Secure
Platform. Unlike traditional CDNs Sockets Layer (SSL) Acceleration,
that might take hours or days to and Advanced Domain Name Service
report on content delivery (due to (ADNS)—in September 2009.
their patchwork of distributed servers
and applications), Cotendo’s Unity
Platform provides the essential view
“It has been a really
of all content delivery activity within
minutes of the occurrence. Real-Time simple process.
Cotendo Real-Time
Reporting provides actionable control Cotendo has taken
Reporting works with over both the CDN’s performance and ownership of it and,
each of the Unity expense. Reports provide an up-to-
at every step, if I have
Platform services. date view of data and information
about delivery of content to end users. any questions, they
The combination of the
have been immediately
Cotendo Web-based Real-Time Reporting provides trans-
responsive. In our
management interface, parency and visibility to the delivery
process and provides tools to analyze evaluation of the
Real-Time Reporting
traffic and make decisions in real time. major CDN vendors,
and services for In addition, Cotendo provides real- Cotendo impressed
monitoring and load time, detailed analytics about
us that their support
balancing, enable full search engines’ crawlers’ activities
on websites and the tools to enhance would be unmatched.
control and visibility
web performance before Search That’s proven to be the
of all online traffic Engine Optimization (SEO) rankings case and it was a huge
at all times. are compromised.
factor in our choice
000001
Getting Started Is Fast of Cotendo.”
And Easy Jason Kyle,
Fast, straightforward implementation— eCommerce Director,
The Cotendo Unity Platform requires ReadingGlasses.com
no change to the website and no HTML
code changes or other modifications.
Typical sites are up and running
in minutes.
© 2010 Cotendo, Inc. All rights reserved.
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