2. I. OBJECTIVES
•The learners must be able to explain how
the nervous system works.
•The pupils are expected to identify and
describe the main parts of the nervous
system
•Students will learn the locations and
functions of the Central Nervous System
(brain and spinal cord) and the Peripheral
Nervous System
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3. II.INTRODUCTION
The human nervous system is a system of nerves that
begins in the brain and is part of every area of your
body – from your fingertips to your eyes, from the skin
on your toes to your bones, tendons and ligaments.
The nervous system is designed to help humans
perceive the world around them and to keep them safe.
A simple example of the human nervous system is
when your finger or hand gets too close to a heat
source and you instinctively pull back. Your brain and
nerve endings feel the heat and signal your muscles to
retract your hand.
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8. The two main parts of the nervous
system
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9. Central Nervous System
"Brain & Spinal Cord"
The BRAIN keeps the body in order. It helps to control
all of the body systems and organs, keeping them
working like they should. The brain. also allows us to
think, feel, remember and imagineIn general, the brain is
what makes us behave as human beings.
The brain communicates with the rest of the
body through the spinal cord and the nerves.
They tell the brain what is going on in the
body at all times. This system also gives
instructions to all parts o the body what to
do and when to do it.
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/ner1.htm 9
11. Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres):
•This is the largest portion of the brain in higher
animals, The cerebral surface appears gray and
"furrowed" by the sulci (valleys) and gyri (hills ).
•The cerebrum is the seat of the highest mental activity
including: memory, language, reason, emotion (along
with the limbic system), voluntary body control and
interpretation of sensations.
•It is divided into two halves by a deep mid line fissure.
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12. •Cerebellum:
•The "little brain" located at the back of cerebrum
and appears similar to the cerebrum but smaller.
•It coordinates the execution of movement and is
involved in the unconscious control of balance.
(receives information from receptors in joints and
muscles)
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13. •Pineal body:
• It is located above the pituitary gland, deep in the
brain. (It is actually an endocrine gland and
secretes releasing factors to the pituitary gland and
the hormone melatonin.)
•Thalamus:
• The thalamus is the "switchboard" to the
cerebrum, it controls and integrates the millions of
messages sent to the brain.
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14. •Hypothalamus: It acts in the regulation of
some autonomic functions including hunger,
thirst and body temperature. It is very
important in regulation of the pituitary gland.
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15. •Medulla Oblongata: The medulla or brain
stem is a primary regulator of autonomic
functions including respiration, blood
pressure, heart rate, coughing and vomiting
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16. Did you know….
The most brainless animal
may have been the
dinosaur, Stegosaurus. It
weighed 1 1/2 tons, but its
brain was only the size of
a walnut.
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17. Central Nervous
"Senses"
There are five main senses
touch, smell, taste, hearing and sight. These are the
external sensory system, because they tell you about the
world outside your body.
Your senses tell you what is happening in the outside
world. Your body's sense organs constantly
send signals about what is happening outside and
inside it to your control center - the brain
Sensory areas such as touch, smell, taste, hearing
and sight receive messages from the skin,
nose, mouth, ears and eyes. We feel, t aste, hear and
see when these messages are received by the
sensory parts of the brain
.
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19. Did you know….
Lizards are always
flicking their
tongues in and out.
They "taste" the air
and pass all the
flavors back to a
sense organ in the
mouth.
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21. The peripheral nervous system
•The peripheral nervous system carries
messages to and from the central nervous
system. It sends information to the brain and
carries out orders from the brain.
•Messages travel through the cranial nerves,
those which branch out from the brain and
go to many places in the head such as the
ears, eyes and face. Messages can also
travel through the spinal nerves which
branch out from the spinal cord.
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35&np=152&id=2612
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22. The Peripheral Nervous System
The nervous system is made up of nerve cells
or neurons that are "wired" together throughout
the body, somewhat like communication
system. Neurons carry messages in the form
of an electrical impulses. The messages move
from one neuron to another to keep the body
functioning.
Neurons have a limited ability to repair
themselves. Unlike other body tissues, nerve
cells cannot also be repaired if damaged due
to injury or disease. 22
http://library.thinkquest.org/5777/ner1.htm
23. Did you know….
The axon of one neuron
doesn't touch the
dendrites of the next.
Nerve signals have to
jump across a tiny gap.
To get across the gap
they have to change
from electrical signals
into chemical signals
then back into electrical
signals.
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24. Dr. Amriel says…
You can help your nervous system work
well and be healthy by being active,
having a healthy diet and keeping yourself
busy and happy.
What are the health habits that can make the
nervous system healthy?
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52&id=2612
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25. Dr. Amriel says
•Exercise releases a chemical, called
serotonin, in the brain which makes
you feel good, relaxes muscles and
gets rid of stress.
•Good food gives your body the
vitamins and minerals needed to build
healthy nerves and tissue.
•Keeping busy and happy helps you to
deal with life when things go wrong.
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=152&id=2612 25
26. What makes up the brain, the spinal cord or
your peripheral nerves?
•Neurons are “the cell”
•Cell body
•Nucleus
•Axon
•Dendrite
•What do you think
surrounds the cell?
• What other
organelles would be
needed?
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Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system. A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. B. To break down food to be used by the body. C. To remove wastes from the body. Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system. A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.4) Nerve cell A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. A. neuron B. axon C. brain T
Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system. A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. B. To break down food to be used by the body. C. To remove wastes from the body. Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system. A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.4) Nerve cell A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. A. neuron B. axon C. brain T
Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system. A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. B. To break down food to be used by the body. C. To remove wastes from the body. Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system. A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.4) Nerve cell A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. A. neuron B. axon C. brain T
Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system. A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. B. To break down food to be used by the body. C. To remove wastes from the body. Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system. A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.4) Nerve cell A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. A. neuron B. axon C. brain T
Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system. A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. B. To break down food to be used by the body. C. To remove wastes from the body. Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system. A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.4) Nerve cell A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. A. neuron B. axon C. brain T
Q.1) This is the job of the nervous system. A. To send messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to and from the body. B. To break down food to be used by the body. C. To remove wastes from the body. Q.2) This is made up of the brain and spinal cord. A. peripheral nervous system B. central nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.3) Made up of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia and the nerves connecting them to each other and the central nervous system. A. central nervous system B. peripheral nervous system C. enteric nervous system Q.4) Nerve cell A. cerebrum B. cerebellum C. neuron Q.5) The major organ of the nervous system encased in the skull. A. neuron B. axon C. brain T
