1. The system is a pure substance. Although the phases change, the system remains fixed in chemical composition and is chemically homogeneous. 2. Mass is conserved within the system as phases change from liquid to gas. The total mass of the system remains constant. 3. Once all of the water evaporates, the gas phase comes to equilibrium and this uniform composition defines it as a pure substance at this point. The gas phase can be traced as a pure substance.

1. CERONE
'GETTING STARTED:
INTRODUCTORY
CONCEPTS AND
DEFINITIONS

2. PRCO&L6M 1.1
MD.S~ et1fe.~ .<.Jhe.V' Wltl$S e)C:rfs w~V e)(A<tu~+
",w-c11e. V~t ve: l.S 0 ~'" v(l,~ve S ofaV
i . 51 a~ -to'f~ue
.' .'. '.'" iYO"'ISMlts -tolfce
Exhaust to t<'~VS MS ~lOV
gas out

3. elect-fie.. cu.r('e,vrt flows
( -- -. / -Iofltue. ~1r"Hted throL"J-,
, Motor
t .5peee1 o.f roh:t..tLoV o~
C.(~CthY~ c~V ~ClVje
• te.Mpe'(Cl..~Ufe ot
MotOr 'P~rls Co..V
wo..V'M SlA.V"t-Glce at . cW,..~e.
Y'loto" Y-e'<'",-cb •~
wi +~ su"'('(o",,,I£.l'0 ~ }f
,- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - I • c..~e.~·ca..l c..~Cl~e.s Oa.tJ,.("
I . I W d·ltl/ +he. 'oo:b'e '<'j
I · : I> ~reeJ: ~ ('ohL·hS1A ot
: t Q.Ytva.tu.ve ~V clAQ~e
I , • ie'M~~ ~ VVotoy-
1.-;. 1 t ~rlS and ba.-e,~ Cll.V
{ I CM.<A Yje.
, 1 .. Y'~S 'tS '«(1..sed lP·l~iV
kJ(A.rm Sl.tr'+a.ces i~t(.V'a.c+ : : S~SteM
wH~ S (),V"V'O lA.l'ctl'V,9.s I MAS5 t
I . . .t
'- - - - ...

4. A cowtvo! volLlme. eVclc>se.s th~ sola.v-
Co leC+l9(".
• C~~I WCL{e'/'" ev'-ters ~e.c.oUecAo(" ~(j),
o.~ Itat wcd-e'f e.X·L~ a-t~.
• sDlo.,r '().ctiA~ LOV i ~~~~e.s OYl +he.
.frov':" ot tke. c.olAec.,to(.
• Wo.fVY SUJY"~ Qt 4W2 coA~ok>'('"
'tteQ.C.--t w·,1-..- ~~ S~'(VOu.Vd~ VjS .
• ~ome ot- ~ Vc..o~V3 'f~i~
IS reHe~te.tA awa.vt). (A.~ SO~ ls
a.bsoy-beGt ~II ~ d Vl-eu(.¢.r ~ux'~,

5. PR06LE~ 1.4
A co.-drol VOlulMe va Ive,
<11'c:l +..r 10 ,'lIe.,
• S~t.4.1N Ii! ",,~er( 0. t CD
• A ~,.'U<. is +ro..",u,."iHtcl
11.0 1-.~lI j S '" 'i* '
• 6JtA.t"~ SI4t"f-..ccs of -the fl,(r~ilte ilt1eraet
w,·+1.o. +~ iA",.rolHiA·"'SS.
vot,,~c , SoMA"" -& 'ow, 4C,oU tlv ".IVlt o.ft ""'h6..,"- -fI,.e -"'-r b ,~e
w~V --~~ell.t'o.1or is ill c.tvcUd """ -t<- co",'tvol VOIUW4...;
• s.w.o.M e lI --e rt + <D tA d -4!..¥,'tr
0. 1' (L i @
wo.rlV rv..v-foc·u f fL<... tu.rhllo'Jl
D a.lIc:l ~,~ V1fO ....A.to('"
i..,.jA.,-o.~t w.'~ +'" sl.vnull.cL'v.r'
• e"c.lrv,~ c..Co.("~,"",* .floc.Ar.l f.t~~ ~~""~t'"A.to~,
103.t-&. +~t- ~ tvA",o~.J:bc:l ~r1 v-e eit>.q.r ~+ c..ro~", +""-. ho lH'cU.V'j ~
-t..... ,,-l...,F o::! CI1- h I Vol v IM..A. •
A c~lhl 1/0(1.1""'<' e",clo'-4~ +b...A. e.1~lkt"­
dt',"Ve", pUlNl.p.
£.u .. ~e ~ ~",*,.t ..of <D .,,,cl ~"+f o.r @
• A,v-..fo.r co..... hllsf,·o"" of +I.v. OI'l-·IoOQrcl fuel
ell~t'sl £A"'c:l c::.o_IH/~iiCM. "~Sof''' ~;t..
WOo''''''' S ","V'f-c e.s • f ~"'pu """1'0 ,-"" +e....~f-
Lu j t '" t'- tv."" 0 u'" d j ,1.1 S' ,
~ i.J-ki., ;-t..a pu_p) A. pisior iot j(~ pi- ~ """"O~'o VI I)I,~'", 0.. Cd-tAl" u..e.,... OW;""J
+0 co_",,,,''kOV of -fliu. on~~OArd ..J.we./. T1tA. p,shJ", 1AA~h'D'" ~ lAaI'NJSfed
"t. 'fu""",p +~ ,L', VIC:::(, 1~ Ctn10/Mf.+ ~f it.4e1 t.Ji·#-l-,i", tke.. s'1SkM O<ec.r~"ses ,.,jt+l. ft;"~.
(.vIM."" -t"'-e i-.oSe., a lI d ""-'C> 3 3 Ie ~ LN c.. Lou c::l.4.c.I) 0. ~5h-s~ UJ",-iA-r
jet e-ars 11- .Q« ~""c:Ltd C eM. M> / lib I v",,-- o-b ~ "")1 OJ;) Ie elK,' t 1
J-Lf

6. PRDBLEM Llo
1 t-O -:~ $~~teM
4 bOl).Vdar~
A:r: • two pVtQ~es are. fr~5eY1tt (JI'~/'('ld a.l-ta @a..~).
. ~......
1t""ro......A.-.'"""... ~ • not ~ pu,Y~ ~tLbsf&Ullce. bectU.lse cOMposi-fI011
__ thO-- ' I
;.5 d l ffev-e,,,,,,t ili eail» pha.se.
. P R013L-l;~ ( .1
Tk s~s-e,'fV ~ ~lA.,(,fl. $U.~s-rA..w:e.
tA...
AI #()U.~ ~ +'-'e i 9lA..4.. is v c(,pOt"'l ceet )
th.~ 5Ste.'M .""e-Ma,-AS flxC!A ~ che.~­
IC41 coMrosit,OY. (),~ IS c.ke.M1C(tU~
Vom01e,Vee u.s.
PROBLE,M t. B
l~e Sy-amM ~ a. pu.r~ ~~t;ta,"C~. A(tholAlfh
-t"'e p'~es Gto.~~ J -the. '5l5+em ~Y'IIal~ ~t H,c.e&
dlet'1CD.l <:oMPO~ltioV dlld lS cleMCt.Y
ho M~t'e.Ol1 s.
PRDI;LEM J. q
.-
I
-- ~(' It"
- , The. ~'45tL~ .$ not o, pu.re. ~IAtoSta.~
au,'(1 n:9 ~Ie. 'P roc.e.~~ 5 twce, -tte. C.om-
I
· -
I Y"oowY
""'6_ ~ ~ Wd+e..... a.~ wa.+er eva.po('cd-es ivtto the. o..fY"".
~ ~ d's~ ot pD~ition OT tAtlQ.S ~ ha~e cla.Vge5
I
f
.' I
I I
I OVce. o.l ot --lAe. wdtev- e,va.pov-a..t-e.s,
I
L I tte. £las r"CL~e cowes -to e~L7i I iloriLtM
I I Q.V.d .-HIi. U>W. po sf t (0 V -oe:WV1e5
..... ..... - -
"'--"--' I
hDMo~~e.eu~. 1+ this -poit1+ -t~ AAS
phase. can be +r<LQ.~ul CAS 0. ?u.r~ ~ul)s'fb.Vce,.
/-5

7. vYl-=- lO lb
I ~ -=-~.o ~
~1-
::q.~3 l6~ <::::<----~::-
::. J. SSt k~ ~<::::___----~
-- ....
(0..) ~. :,F,f'o.v ':.(q5NII~'VY/S2.
J'~l W J0 tj } l N
:. 9.5 Yh /s·<:; 910etM
L. b) Y'n(1~S lS (AVC~(til.~u;t. < M
F1mv : . 'M ~ -:. (10 ktj)( OJ ~~i M/<i. L)jl N
~.VVls '2.
:. qB.1 N( . . Fjl'O.Y
,.3
Pf<of!>L£~ L.
M=- 1010 (C) :l
l~
=- Fqvuv
W
)'1.'" /Of'
10", 'J
I
p2.2. lb ··H/s 2.
lbf-
j
: 30.Q tr/s'L.~c ---.::~
(b) Wla.sS is ~Vldta.K.jed. ....
~------_2!
I-~

8. Slf~ ~ ~u "So +"-- ~""""'e.. 0 V iN#,.l"'S: A.S 0"&-.
~v: 3.S l lof of"'"' ""'-00 V1 )
~*o.",: 5.41ftls'1-.
O~::. 12· 8" ~/.t2.
Ac('o~'~jly
Cf~rtlv') 'MoAVt '=.
C~~v
1-l"
S ) (F;,." ')""o0'"
(~2'~' frtl.s1.) (3.5'"lbf);: 8.~31bf lOlI
CA5.4r ftlr1..
-n-. c:leMd, ~ tf = Wlj V. A to~ltt.~ 6l (7/1) wi+'-' c:lA'it)". 0'-' lMiAr!
(a.) 1M '::. M I"'} V' ~ lO k~t
A,.~ 1M': (2..8.Cn k,/,,~()(lO k~l) -= l.Q',l ~~
l.h.O', 1M:' t Cl. 02.l,~ ((cW.Ol)( 0 (c ~) ':. l ~O.:t lc:~
Cv.. ~ W. :. ( (p ~.S"" l,~ ("~l)( (~k ~l) -:(p~S. t. (c;.~
SO ~ ~ W -=. (£gt{ .O<D (,~ /l'~()( LO k..""'-Ol) -::.. (o<{O,{o k.~
(1::.) V ':. M / M) IN '::. '2,.0 lb
Ar : lb~ / ('!> ct. ct4 l~(H~ ~l) -: O. 50
V '::. (1.0 l~ ~I
H1.. ~ V ~ (~O (~)I (~.0~(P lb !lb"""'() -:: q ~ 'll.( lb ~l
~~~ V ':: (~Ql~~/(l~cO lb (lb~{)':: 0.1(", (b~l
C t v ':. ('2.0 lb)/( {'l, Ol lb I (b ~l):. t, (,(,S lb~l
1-1

9. PROI3LEM L Jb4ti
/11 J JI Fspr;~ =. K(6X) CkVc ~pr,~:: F fY).¥
9 :: m9
x
t
T Thu.s
k (.6X)
~Vcl.
:: vnq
VYlg
k:: ---=::..-
AX
=. (S.Q"~ )('L!> I mlsz )
(& em ')
= ~.l3l N/c'M 4:
YY:: l S' lb
5~ .3l.4 #/ s:z.
/
L The. s~Y'~"'~ ts <..'.o~V -6 &e~ect o.ra V ~ ev'e("~ i bf 0+
CA.f~heC .(of'ce. ThlA.S J We. loe~ lll b~ tAeA·e,V"M A 4 t~ we.iq~ of
H~t.o~ject .
The de~ feC+lon i.s
~)(:: (0.1-;2. "1/lb+-) (t4,{P~ lb~)::'l.llo l"" +~--------
1-8

10. PROBle M 1.18
H:,y c... ,,'neAr spt""rI',j) Fip-ri~ = K (4')()/ v.>kt'f~
Ax w tkc. spr''tlj ~kI'S"o",. Sl .... ~ Fipri"'j =
~"I." -: M ~ ) Lue. Vlave.- k (.Ax) '= ""'3' Sl"'~
rn And K e-r e, jl'd~~"de"t of .J.oCA-tr'Ol--l)
+Iu. Lou.! A.(ce/~A.~C'Y of "r'Avi~ V;
~('orfiOH.,.A t&.+ko ~~+Uch'~, Tkus
(..1'1.') .... ,.,...j =
(Ax) -t"Af"-h
~ClJI"
PItO(!)LfM l./q
1)ee~lel{~t-~ OCc.u:.V'S .frOM 5 W'~/h to rest ilA 0.1 s . The. dVe.(alj"
~le"'~:h~ Wl~Vltu.cle. is
la-I
C4V~
=. A V- ~ (5 t'V;/~ -
At 0 ,J S
0)/·52--80 ,ftll
1 W ,
Jh
~ ~ 00 S
I
=- 73,33 HI &,'2-
(al =(73.33 .rHS1-) -:. ~,:Z8 q'SE------~....,...._
d ec e.1 em:fiOY'
tW9 32 ,2. .f+/5 '2- <J < (;~ 9's)
Thus) -rhe. ~ni+u.d~ of ~e ().v~V'fA.ge -lore€. a.pplid ~
J FI 4.l1g
= W Ia. ttWa ~ (so 11,)(13,33 It:)
~ . s
I.3 2. 2
l lbf ../
~b, t+/S:3.
:: 'J 3.9 Ib-i-oE~~ ---:"''''':':;':~
1-,/

11. -~
Fa.pp F().pp - F~f'''''' = m (l.
FCl.pP ~ YYla. + lY'l9 'So m (~+ g)
=(~k<j)( 5+ q.8')~ I', IN
I ~.m's2.
m =J,.k.g = l't.~J... N~< Fo.pp
....:L!~,
a. ~ 5' mlsZ. (fAP)
F~("o.v 9 =Q.81 m{s2.
PIZOI?>LEM 1.2/*
m =35" '0
= Fa.pe - 9
~ -:. 32.2 ~'sz YY
:: Ibf)] 32.2 liD· .f..I/S'l.I_
(' 5" ~ rt/ 2
~S Ib I Ibf ..,2.2 s
:: - ~.4 +.+ Is"t. (dowVwo.""d) <; , 0..
PROBLEM i.z z
~
,,
,,
I
'I'
n ~O.S lbMo
V:. O.ILf,S W
F~m.v ~:. ~.S ~(~20
Fsp~ Fe~~
,,
-
~sp~c.. ~eQ.r~
'I
F
sfo.ee
':. '"l2.N F II
e~r1'l.
= f~(~ca.~) ~ ('t2 N)('l·Bt)
9$'~e. ~
wei~ht ~$'CA.(':" ml$2.
=. (,S.("1 N~
.. ~::!.!.:!:!:L-
~ea.rl-f,.: '.81 M(S2.
/-/0

12. Su~e.t. ~~"~~i ~ "n/= ~~) +£.e perCek+ C-~...:.. c..v.e....cSl...t tJ.. lA."'cL.·"l' ~
%c""~~= [ WI"; - HI ]UDD)
~ r(•. 8,-/,9 - [ (,.il-Is') - (331<'0'/'-) (I. +...)J ] (100) ~ r 3,3 ~,o2.1 (100)
L C3.81 - C~!l~It)~)(lof)J b' q.1-771
-= O.3+%"~----
PROf!>{bI t.l 5
"- ,
,= 30 ~+
I
U:z.O / ft-lzo (o2.~ Ik/.f+3
/' /' ~ :: ? 7. . I .f.tl s '2-
T~e MCtS.s 0+ wol(.'( l~ V = ~ V) wheve V is ~
vollA.We of f'Ae sp.-e,,' c.ed ta.A.k.. ih.us
V~ ~1I(''3:. (j)CR) (3o,f4-')3 ~ 1.131 X.10S".f+3
O.:V& ~e.. VV&L~S is
W:. SV :::.(0Z.lf ~l)(1.13)({'05)f+3
=. 7.0{P »to'" Ib.. m
The wtlt, k.-t is
F vav = Yh~
q
_( "
- 1.0iQ'l.lD Ib){32.1
t+
$i) I 32.'2
I Lb~
Lb.M/s~ I
:::. 7.04 X I 0" Ibf ~ Fgr'()''(
1-11

13. ThL .st:~.c.e. Iec.ords -ike c.v"'"jh-t) ~rQF
, Wl..3 J Where..
I'Ya s s "'" k, ~ i 'Ie", ".j
L
~= 5fdV = JfAdz.
Vol 0
L
=A 5 [71800 _3,o(Z./L)'1. d z
J
T
L=2m
~r 44'Mfltc:if.t ) il'iYocLuu ~
o
NI.A..u
c:l£ o.""d ~ .tW~~tl·D'oo fo,. """ ..u
vo.rl·A.»I~:
.....
Z. = %./ L
tc.~ciJ
J .s 0
1
el%.':. L
I W -=. AL
J
S ["1800 - !60 £2. t J c:l z.
. ~ D=O.5 m~ o
i
~:: 9. ":/8 ttII} S'1..
'I..
= ALL rSOO ~ - ~_"t) (~)3 Jo
f = 7-800 - 3_o(~/L) I<S/M~)
whcrt' %. is i., "".
:: (~ ) L [
'1.
;"80 -;; J
'= 7t (e-s 'M)'L(2.~) l7lt.80 ~~ ]::, ~'OJ" ~
~ ~1
d -= ,tD-H
V -:. 5.1 t+~/Ij,
9': "31.0 #1<>1.
/-/2

14. PROBLEM 1.'2.6*
-h~e... -------1:>
v
co~
ca~
""i+..,~ : Q:""" c.o '10 I'~ ~f d~"i~~ Je~""~:)(u"~t' ~p,cof"c. VOIVKC~ ... 1.1':
M= ~S'1(-' ~: 30t'j tvl-=V/1J"
"",3
"].0
= ('~3 .....3
I<,j
a:f-kr 4'" cLl.l.lliOl'...A'b 1C,9 3
1tl'+C'" ~ .. = o·~l~
~
<'10) '8E-rMNft~ ""''',,, 30 Ie, of co~ ~ -H- c.r'..u:/...... ) -tk~ G.MOV"';' of
MAU +k.. + us le.. jl:~cI ~
:= [1> 0 Je~] - l ~~3 J
"J:", wt';~""~ "'' ' '.$;
we. <ll.SS''''~ +k..i- 4"-t.. Sf.e..'fa'~ Vl)11I1M.t. dce~ I'di'
VOorj w.-... t-, ~CAtiOO (U,"t"lM"" ~ e:..,~'~~: ~Nt 'AS 1("A..t:s ,slow/):> to
tM. spec..f;(., vo IVwt~ (JJ,tk4", ...'-' to c)h"cle.... Vcu,'ct 0", y c.u it"- ""IIMe,.
S,Io(.... -t<o- s,~c..i'·c. I1JlvHA.( l/q...rt·~J -h-a'INI. 0.10":/ "",,3JIc, JW~­
V
~ 0 II:~ Co· Io<Yo { ( -
Sl"'e-V'e cl : 1.0
:t:'"
M
c:l,.,-) tA. ~ SO
Ifl: d ) +'- plo-b Co
rt. r
c.. 'c c! V I" ,,~,. ....l. ~
LO
5
o
1-/3

15. PRofbif=-M r. 2'1
(()..) A+ +eWr.tV'~tu.Ye o~ 2.,+ooc I ~e Srec.l~ieet pr"e"'$L(.lfe Qf (,25 MPe;. taUs
tA.
be+weev. ~e. +o-~e values o.f (,0 aMd 1.5 M Pp... To deJeV"l"'l~e -rhe 5{'edfic.
volu..w.€ e<.:V't'Ur~~liAJ +0 I.),: PIPe.. J we. +~iLA I<. of #1e slope ct "'-
5fYtU~(.,.t llll~ JO~V~ -'lA.e a.clJ A..cewf- +abl€ s+rUes J ~s fa tlows :
1.r:: 0.2275 MJ/I"d
t
,
I
L _~_
- - - v - - - t - - - - - + - - - - + - - - + p) /'I, Pa..
t. (J) I.S
s iW j Jar /Yia.nCj les :
v - 0.1 '-l'e3 o• "2 21 S' - 0.1 Co{ 8.3 (02 S ) (D.2.27S-0.tCf8~
I I
slope: 1.5 -1.25 ':
I. 'S -( ,0
! ~ v:o.,&l83+ ~~o
v.
: 0./870, M
3
/'d " (~)
(~) At- 0.. fr~$su.re ~ r. 5 M pc... +~e ~veV 5peC.~~ t<. volv..VVle tA- O. 5 'SS "t'31 ~ ~u.s
~e-1·w(.ell ~ +t.t~.e, Vo..""es )o~ 2."10 o..~ 2&OOC. To de,J.e'f''V'.~e .}~e +~~e(l;fu,re.
co'(es(>o~I.·"'~ -k? ~(l.~V(M ~,ec..L~lc v~lu..VIe) .Ve. ~IA.k. ~.-tke slore o~ ~
Sff-cMq ~ hwe. ~O~I.VJ ft-te. ~l(A.c.e",* fo.ll)l-e ~Wes) ~~ .foHows:
2.80 (0.1(,,'2'1 ~ "2.80)
I T- 2l.1 0 eo -Z'IO .
2.
5 ope:: .-/'SS's-.t4ei:' .1"Z-1-.('I8~
{
I
1
I
J
~ -,- = 21.10 + [./555 -.1"183 ](If'O)
21./0 .... _ t ' ... _
• liP],,; - .f'tt33
(., '183 )2«40)
(b)
.1'1 .IS .1"- .n V; W1/1,
(c) J'Vl..f11.tS case, ttt(l Sfec.;:fledp(e$S(.Lr'ef-~lIs hefweeVl. fhe.fa.ble va.lua ~ 1.0
and 1. s f.-tP~ tAV'd -I--ke. specj"fie&{ f"t,VMoper"fuYe.. fo,U~ "'eff..ue~", -kte. ~1oi-4L values
6f 200 "V'dZ4o<l:(:. -rvuis) double '-Vtl-erl'0la-tc.oll. is """e~u.(,y.e,d .
• Ai- Z2..0oc,J -fiL speCttLc. Vol.u.t1'e cJ- ~ pressu.re!! is St~P':1 ~e. ~v~e.
over & lVftKv~:
• 2..0(,0 -4 2.'2- 7 S
~tJ.OMP~J220°C,; 1.r:. Z. :'OI2.IfD'1SWt3/~
.'3~S"".1'f83
et-t I, 5' IfII.P~) 2-2-19 c.
o
''If:: 2. :. O. f40(j WI
'lIt
I ca
·1itus, l.)~.J1A &- So.t1Ite a-pproa.e4 c:l~ tilt (A)
"U" - O.I'fO"f
I.S - 1.4
:.
0.2/'"7 S - D./ 'toll
J, s -/.0
==-> 1.T =D.llfatj +l~:~ ) (D. 2.'~7S- O.I¥O<t)
:. o.l'SSu,7 ~3/~. (~)
1-14

16. 'A) A+ t!A.. -Ie_pet'"A""",,~e. Of 1:2-0°C) fhA... spec..'/l·ed. ~ ~ ~f S4-Jbf/l'i1~
fo-tls be,"""M'" -the.. -t6-h/e VALuer 4 50 A6d co lltr//""'.2. 70 tie-k~IM..4~
-rnc.. s pec.~'c. 110 Iv~ CJ:Drr~.rfond...·V, -+0 54 Ibf I itl'~1 l.vc. +k..t:"1<,. er{
.f~ s/op~ of t!A.. stY"'D-(J~i .A.411C,. j¥I",",,~ -f"'-t. 4:i,.<:!J ~te~i' -rIA. ~ .s+A1#'S/
dl..S .f:,llows :
1/: 7./10
I
I I
I I
L _ _",-1 _
I ,
50 5+
S-i-,Ar +c-':-t>-V,'e£:
slopel = '1-S'.8Q'
~o -s","
A+ 0.... Ilof/i~~ ) +"'e "J '·...el' sp~c.."·(., "olJW~ of
f,esrure. of bO
~.'ltL.f-t3/lb ~Lls betwp~~ -tlo,.e +II-b/e V4l14eJ' of-n.o A...d 140 OF, To
ue fer ~'IIc... -t he of e w.p-er''''' +ut'~ C4 v,,~ J po""- o:!A' "j 1:0 -tk.o j; ve V 'S'peQ.&':A·c;.
"l)l~~ t tI-I~ +hi~t::. 0 ~ +""-- ~loF-c of c...... <t'Tr~'Ski -A.thC. jOIM""J ~
o.cL3 A C'e lo'.i TAble ..N-A.+e.t, ~ fol(o",,-,S:
140 ('.'7.)140)
I T-I'2.P 1+0 -12.0
1 Slope:
5,I18Z -S.sq 1
= '.Il- S.~11
I
I
: I
1'2.0
(&,.t"ll&O) , _ _, ..1
... (bJ
~"'I I I
5.6 S.ct 6.1
(c) J'", "'' ' '.$ C:QSe....J "'''e .sp.. Ooc'fied PA4,u'Ulfe. ~II£ betw .. eVl -+'- +",4,'c
VAluef of 5"0 A"'c:i ,"0 tftlf/ill a.""cl -tL..... rl'~(.;~'ed -I-~""'1'~"''''i-c..c.''-c:..
~IIS l,-E'-Iwe.f' -t"'a +,.{,/e. vates ilf 100 4"d /,oOF, TkMs) cl:!dl~
lVterrw'At.'/M ,;0 re'f v ..~ed.
• A+ 1I00~ J-t...... sprc.ifa·c. "'O/~MIC 11'0+ ea.ct.. p"""ttLCl"e I't "'''''''p't-t1-L
o."e,*,'a"< o~~ il~f'I/"-':
llt'- so~ Ilo.F' ,,:. 7.110 + ". U"- :: ". q:t3 ~/IJt
i ..'L. >} ~
tA'- '0 IfIt ) 1100F-. '/ -:. S..!:, +S'.bsct .:' S.lTS J.1'3jb
;~~ J ~ r
• T'hu l W·~-f1..t ~~-.. A.ppAoOA(,."'- IH ~ (A.)
'1_ S.T"~ '=. '" '1=13 - S'T7i" ~ '1-:. S' ffl' +~ [,.lfTl- r:=t=I'1]
,"0 _ s& ,"0 - S'1>
= C, 0 ' ) "f3flb ~ (c.)
1-/5

17. 'PROC3LEJ.1 L.31>JC
, m -:. Sk9 . Fro~ +~ ~esSOfe ~ specifi'- volu,me. re.la.t IOY
I I 3
( G:AS
,
~
I
,,
I
l' u . :. coVs+.
1.T2. = (JL) ~I :(~) I~(
p~ 0.25
o.:ll»3/k,9l
~-"-'
~ : l btt.J:"' J 'U'. ~ O,~ 'V3/kj : 0.5& lO m3/ k.9
P2, -:. e.a 5 ba.r Vt,. :. 112. 'Y)' :. :z..QD5 ~~ I Vx.
1.2 - , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ,
0.8
...
('l
.0
I
0.6
a-
004
0.2 Z
0
0 0.5 1.5 2 2.5 3
V-m 3
PR06LEM l. 32
~ I V' : I lb
I'
I
GAS
'V"
'f' = coost.
I ,
".: ., 'I
........... -
PI :. 20 lbf/iVl ~ '/, -:. '0 .f.I. J
Pz.:. 100 1~.f/i~2.
100
-Tr- n = 1.0
--B- n=1.2
80 -8- n =1.3
---- n=1A
OJ
c
~ 60
""
:e
I
a-
40
20
0
0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
V-ft"
/ -I to

18. PRO f3LtM /.3 3>Jf
~- --- F::: 'S Ib.fII"", ~
I
I Wli-("O~t It 1~ VI =J,5'"#.'J
I P1- :: 100 llof!i«-
I'-
- )
Vz. : l.S #'
,he pre-ssure- volume v.--€ la.h(,11 i~ 1,"lAeo..Jr cU,1r" l n 9 +lte frt>c~~s. rk"LS
r : ~ + (P':I- -P, ) ( V_V, )
V:r.-~
()(') us I·Vt~ ~ t ve VI daJo.
_ •~.!!£ (JD 0 - l S ) I I:..f f,"1A 7. f.
f -
( ) 3
IJ . ~ +- V-~.s f
'11 (l,S-~.S') .f..fJ
:: J::27.S -2'5:V
IA/hell1 V:: :l.l +.(J
f :: 2'J.l.S-~S'(~.() -=- £1 q IbfllVt 'Z.44 P
___+_
I
On r-I cC!>ordliA4fes
,-.... }()O
~
'"
.~ I'J
00
:::. eo
Q... 40
].0
t I ..
loS l.O ~.S
V (.f¥)
1-/1

19. PROBLeM 1.34
r:
I
- -.., I
If= I bAt"
I
I g4.s I """Q -f-Vi::::/L
I I
r I ~= 41:>Ar-
~----_l
CIl) "The pf'C'c.e,..r ",5 d,scr,b.d b~ p V:::: CDVsnHt. ike c.o"$+~":t. CAI' b-eo
eVAI"A.~ecl U~il'' d~+A 4+ S1Ati: I :
pV = Co IIlsfAt"t.
:::. PI VI
=( 1/0At') ( I L):' I loa,.. L
so) for eV~'1 s+-..+c: ~r-~I' TN PA-OCQs.s J Lve ~ ..ft,t relA."'·oYl
p V,: I bAr. L
Whel' p ':: ~bA.t"",
V-= 1 bAl"' L ::. O,3~ L .s
~ bA.r
p: 4 ~'J 'oAt. l O,2S L
W"e ...
V'). :. 4~r
-
P-u U'.t to( COo ,.. <Lt' lt:l ~ S W~ ~.r'C.
"P(~rli~ the te I '"",.0' 01. - vol vwt.(.
bAr. L
t'~
V
+0 o b fc,."l'
2..
4-
3 4
P L.'l'IeAr pir$C",re- - VOIVloMe.
(bllr) 2- I"c lA.,.io....$~IP "f pAr+U)
,!
VeL.)
0.'25 0.5 0·75 t-o
(10') Fof" co-rAY.',sOlJ -.tt. "lIeAr'" (1A-'HlA.re-vo/l.JwJL ~koWJ1 reIA"'"",d'lp is
01/ +~ plot A.laov~. Tk.... ~O(VI'Mc:. e.c"'MS~I'~''''j fo p=. '3J,~
co.~ ~ ob-J-t,...c·~~cl S:1~pl'1 US .., +t....t slope of t-<-.:. ~fM.1L-..* ...-It'Ie.
~w~V I Q.W.cl.'2.: .
l slope}-=: (1: - ,)bCl;r -:. (3 - I) ,.... V: 0·5 La ~t-----
.....
G.o-o.~) L ~I,O-V)
Tn,s ""'IA.( ~lSo (.A.... Io~ ,..eA.cl -n-o",", +k.t.. plot:.

20. PROBLEM /.3S
T"'U""'Od~~"""'( eyel e.!
1 .,,- - - - - - - j 1-2: p V: cOI1~ta,., i:
I
I
I
~A$
I
1----"
I
P, = I bAr'1 1,"" I "'" 3 J V, = O. '1.. kit3
..1._____ I
2-3 P= C.Olot.t+-''l''loJ V > Vi. ((>'lCpev.St'o",)) "3 ~ '.0",,", 3
~_ I V,,- CO"" hit t
Fiy- p-w:>c.l!JS /-2. )
p V:: (ons+4"t. The co..... d ...'" + GA.'" b-e ev,,/VA kcl
...t ofl "? d.ttf" ~t s+,.k I
p V=- c..CH' ~ ~ '" t
:. r,VI
Q oAr)(1 "",a) e,
p~u ~J 1- 2.. ,'.s
ACGCn"~'"oIIJ 0""' tA..
de~or, I,..t cl b'r
p:
p=co~ .. i-
r
5
~ """_"""""" -A'(!) PJ= 5"b#..r
'Ii -: I J1- ~
0.'2.. 0.8 0." t.o

21. Palm = lO.3JkP~
Gas at
y=,3.SOa ~~3
~=q.e, Mis"
(a.) p - ~.Iw1
L-:. SS
_ (101{.O -lOI.~3) ""p,, lo3tJl"'2./103glll W3 .Ill ",.M(S4
- (/~. sq jIcWtJ)C' ·5/ t¥l/s'-) "p~ l It, 10' t~ ~ I tJ
=O.D2M :: 2CfYl. L
(bJ ~G..9t. = f-~I-M =lOt.{.O-IOI.33:: )..fp11&~4; f~,t
I
") 1,..,.e =l{.2,M. Uz.o
f4hM :: 1l.f·5 lbflti..'
~ :. '3;2.;;l,. ftl 'i/2.
f ~ :: L(q. qt.( Ib I {!-I- 3
PROP.>L~M I. 3B~
r1rtc.C = F:c~ - fAhs
:.9i~~O~Sgk~~c ~~
1-20

22. IAp~e.1 :: ~~-z.O ~ L
$"&00 :t 't1.
'/ :. b2..3~'1 IhI#3
II-t.o
Ill~";1<-1 =(1.1.3 4 '/ ; . 'X12.0 ~)( ~
',-
~Z2~~~:~--"
"~ ././. .-: .:,-;: .,======
-i>
q= 31.:2
I Ibf
Ib.n/ s 2.
II I -Hz'
J'i'i ·'fA"%.
I
~ D.3Q41f Ibf/ill2-< ~~"9.
( decreases)
PRo(1,LEM 1.40
L : 2D := 0.2 J1'
F5' (,M
1a~kB
~a..ge,B: $ H~ ~ L
=.~3.Sq ~3 )('1.8' ~)(O.2~
Tank
A
=(CJJ - '
9°3eA
,
1"~ 103 5
"I'" lOb ('
I m3
M3
11' IN
1 ~·'hl[S2.
I
Bf ::. :z.bJ<ofo'l w/W2. :: D.2""" bctr
P~s,B ; ':urr+ 'i¥,6
:: 1.0 I + .Z"l9" = 1.27"" bar. ~<_ _
fecf,s,A :: 1~~",6 + 'Se.,<Z",A
-:: J. 2.7 bfo .,.. l.lI :. 2.""" bar E-<--
~ffl.t :: f uS9 L H,
AIR. =~3.Sq ~1I)(tt.81 M/b~)(~)~
~:. 7So ",'M ij~
GI ~ II eM311 'Jaj.M!s'2. II 10>bGlr2.,'I
0 305
o~ IN I
"'/M'
'M,'?
$ 61S =J3.5q 91c~3 ::lb~
.9 = ~.B. ml s 2.
Palos:' t:t~ f V'4C.
= I ha.r,- D.2'ccy:: e.s bec-r'"£ Fobs
1- z,

23. ~J,o.,c.=J.gO.Olkflail·
2
~(,s =. J;,~~S - "~a's
~::. Ill." 'bf.""~ = (fi,'jOJe"" ~f..... ) - P,Jabs
:::. ('lClO.O"", 1t!.Co) - :2 0
= ;2.1 ti.'o I bfltil '2..4I!i:<:~ ~_--!..::~_
~/tk$/~/abs-::' (~o.o+(t(.~)/JO =-14.13 E:<:~":"";;;~"":"'-
PRoBLEM ,.43
, = <f.81 WI Is 1-
~"""J = I<. ><J w!oe"e K = 10.1000 N/""
Air FOr tl.a p".s-hm:
supply
x=o- line m': 101<5
A= 7, 8'1<10- 3 ~l.
-<If .3
F.r Tlte ta(r: ~ V= "3,q 'I- 10 ,...,
r~~'4111l7 ))('-;0 o.",cl tMef"~ ,'J f"Q ~Pf'll'l' fot>ce ac-h'""j 0., TIot< f'sfo Yl , Also...
.fy'ch·o"" b~.fw•• " +~ pl'flol1 Q,fcl +"'-e c:., J.ldc r: WAll C4.I ta.t '-,I1lJ.,-ecJ,
AceO"'clA~YJ +"'~ -forc~ e)c~t"-kcl b ts« at.... UIt'+L.;.t' +I...A C:;"I'lcb."..
q
01' +k... bOffo"", of
Plltol1 ;.5 ~1UAI fo +he W4..l'VL1.i- of"'~
p"S1-ol" pl ......s +l.t~ force. e~-er~(j h::J~ Ahll···...S'f/.tu~ o~i-k-tep
of +~ pi.s+u",;
L P A
......
L~=O ~
~" I 'P, A '= ~t... A 4 vY ~
iP,A 1'1 = p",~ -+ N:J
A
R = I ~""'+ {(IO ",,)(q'''·'~)I~ Ir ~ f
I l
7,8X1O~"-'~ '] "' ..../st- lo'N/"."L
R::: 1.1'2." bQ.r <1a--------"
..
Fil'l4"l) t~ .force. e.)(e rTt c:l lob t~ Q" ..... wit""" '" +.u. c'O ',lId..... 0 "'"
t'- botto- 'l>;-IM. pl.doV I~ e'I.1A I -to -t~ UI-t.l'3"'-+ ~ ~fl"ttoVl
l?lu..s +"""- fc ... c.~ ~"t"-kc:l b::3;""- A1-W.O'r"ete. 0'" T~ +op ·f+/"....4..
F)~~~ ~t.u.s;'~ -fen... ~e.t"ftc:l ba
-tf...t $I>VI "',j 0" r'- 1ot' ott/....t 'I'SiC"':
1--22.

24. PROBLEM 1.4/ 3 (Ctn-Jt'd )
---lJipti~ L A
(it..
'i: t){. =0:
J ~~-_l f"J,.A':. P"t.... A+M~ + 'iPY;lAj
r~A '2, -:. P"t"".... W!J t
. It
fipl'....,
A
P1.: P.tM.- o4o~
9
+
[(mjOOoNI_) (0. oS "",)
. (1.8X1 o-3 ""'~) ". l I b..r: IJ
_lOS NI/lllj1- ...
;; '.12." bD.t" + o. "+1 bAt"
= l/f"1 10..r:
11/'1. :
0
qq8. Z ~/W13
3: q. e »1/s 2.
Ihe fotal +ot"t.(!. CJ 11 -f'E bcHowt o t ~ fool is fke S<Awt of H.e wi~Ld oF fhe
w~4vr aM.d -Hu.. dDwt' wcwd ~e e; cd·m~sl'~~ric, f~Sf>U~ &JIl #jz su~~
()P..fi.t W~fN'" j
fiof = "rtJl" + ~+~ ( A)
To ,«- .fkA. weiqtvr I>f- ~ {).JMW, A'Ysf frf..t~ & WCc.SSI ()S +a/lows
W =.$ V =(Qtf8.2 ~J) [(I){/OO)(So)+ iOl>O)C3)(SO)] m
3
=-(QQe.2)(12.500) :. I.ZSX{O '1 k.J
1kus
F~mv = Wl9 ::.O.2S'X(07"5){q·B(M/f)~) I I
I N -'II k~
Icj.",,(~ ~ ID N
1=1.22"X(05~tJ
Pal
M
e, r; AS·J
a~
L ..
IA''Ci(~
fro (f).Cig bar)(loo)(So))')1~ l'OSIJ/~1[~ - Lf9X{os/dJ
I ~(U-. -'0 3 Nt . -
Or
F+oi-, e, I, 22(,}<IOS + £j.t:;' xl 0 5 =- ft,./U X'D S' ~IJ< F-tot·
I h4! de p-Ut af .fie C/l-Lt -le¥ 0+ ~ pt>o ( ish;:l ~ . 5 WI. -rkus
r=r~+g9h r
t 1'00 It. krltl
k~ ) Y!l) I tJ
':.rJ.qg bClr) I ba.~ +..tttt8·2.;;"3 (q$ sz. (~.5""'11 kt;'M(S~
I III N/~-aI=12;{
103
«:
kPG.
1-2 '3

25. L/x:: si'V e
L.
X = S,Vt&
o
00 X>L
i tt cll~1I e£{ fe ('
tyla. r ome
~ives <jrutle,r re.so1uhoY(
storM ~~r
~e
$ ::. (,2.1. lb/.A 3 I
~ -= 32.2 +--1 s2.
1-2~

26. PROBlElJl ·4-7
(o.,.sidef" -the. vOt"ic:LtoV of pr~uu.fe-. CW'''''j +0 -t~ Ilffee.t of
ljro-II'"to· FiI,... e:t"1 e.lc.We...i: ~ Q", VAch'o"1 I~SJ
9A ,s Of" I <'tjv,·d. J -tl..e foruJ a.c.+''''' o..",,~ +t- fof"Cc.l 0;
PM ""u.Y'c.. 0"," -tt....... Up ret""" o..lI.c:I l0 l.Ue r rCAt" fo.c.-e J 0.."" cL +~ UJ.Q..I,.,f,..;t-
Df +'- i'1 ~klN.~
Z-MZ
~ p(ZHJ2.)A
,
z. B
t
~~
.
J_ _ p{z.) A
o ': p(2. +.oc) A. -T W. d- - p(z) A
f' .... J> V
': /[AAZ]
-e, [AodZ]
~
p(l.f6l) - ,C7..) = -.i-
At 1r
(A) AfVl4Osehefe, :rf j::' c/'P ,whel"'C
i.s it$.".~d"':' El' C*> I l-« ~f'11'-4-
p= K~P(-¥)
w~e"" 'Z. ~ 0) p'=- Po ((4oM..)) o'v;", d- P -:. ~ e¥.p ( - ~ Z Ie. ) ,
7''''S'~t''f'''a lc:. ....""''''' v~ ,.i'l.s P ~ Q,~-- ..,kc,,", 'Z...o ....... k ~
'= e,t (_~.'J1."/.s2.)(Z.I<"")I,oa""II...!.!::!. tol) z: R e¥-b(- O,I~S z)
P Po P 72 +35" ~ """'j'K;; IIJ;,:J ""'Is o r
'J ~~
Th...:s t'cQ,-fOI'.s~ IS skowl' ~ -f1-.. o..C'C-D-r It "''t''IIt, Flot,
1-25

27. 0.8
0.6
E
+-'
~
0-
004
0.2
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
z(km)
ClI) OC~AI"I. Le ....l-;I", ~ G= - z, ) dUA)i~ u.pth..) E1' (~) r~Ad S
~= S
clZ 'r
p: ~)~ -+ K
Wka", -t":. u) , ':. Po (I~ h-) 1 ~)ivilf d- f:: (~) Z -+ Po .
l1...t~~I1':1 c:...... u.M I~ ~..,.... P w: cd""" '-'L..A ..... ~ ... ~ ~~
( C1 .Cl _/S'a..) Z(,,~) 1'03 """ , I~t~ II~)
p-=- Po + [ O..,S'-"/O-3 ~Sl-=~"j'; /.OI3ZSfJO S ..., ... 'l. I",;*7(L1
': p()ol- 101.3 Z "
200
160
120
-
~
E
0-
80
40
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
"(km)
z
1-2(,

28. PRO aLE. M 1. "I 8
FoY" +"'-e ~q,s ilA +~e fC.Ik.) +kz. p-V-T refo.fi.o&i is
f = [( S.IB>((O-3) T/(V- o.oo.z""B)] - ces, XI6~/v '&
Va+uV'~( SolvIV9 i:.E-era..+lvel'j toY' "'lJ'" od: P = IOoba.Yj T::2SSk
qas we. 1et
, Qnol V = o.ooee« YY)3//<.tj
"- 'M ::.1000 k.~ V = m 1J"':: e. B 4 fVI.3 4 V
The follow/~~ flols CdI'! be. C-t'nsrrucfed ~r ..,.. =250.1 s oo,
a.M IDOO k. :
1000
800 ---B- T = 250 K
---tr-- T=500 K
---8- T = 1000 K
'C' 600
(l
..c
~
c.. 400
200
0
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1
v (m3 /kg)
PROBLEM 1.4'/
Fov: ft-te. waJev- VCt-po(' IVl fIAt +()..tIz..)+he p-v-Tr"'e/a.+LoVt i-s
p =[(O.S~5'1)T/{tr-O.2.708)J- fp3.3C,/1J&'
wke.re V' i.s iV .f+JII~ J Tt~ iV 01<.) ~H.d P is /~ /J"fl t i-t "Z..
SolVt~q i+e.ra}l;"elfj for'" ir ai: p=ISOO Ibfl,~2.J r=-LllfO°R,
we.qet 1T=O.b8{P .Pf'ilh
-rk.u..s) wif-k tke.9"VeM v~ .f.oy V
m ::: V/17 :. 82.3/0.b86> : 12-0 110ft{ ~
Tke CoUOWt'lI1 plo-k co-lI'1. be COI1Sfrud-ed +oof T =12.00)
l"IOO J/l900°T<.: .
5000
4000 ---B- T= 1200 0R
---tr-- T = 1400°R
~
N 3000 ---8- T= 1600 0R
c
i;;
:9
~
c.. 2000
1000
O-+-r--r-"'T"""""T-,.--r-r--r--r--r-r-,-,-.....,..-,........,....,.......f
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
v (fP/lb)
I-Zi

29. PROr;LE.~ .50
Palm
2. F (1) : 0
P~a.s A - ~fMA - S9 LA =0
Manometer
liquid
r~:.s~L.
:,,. 2.4 ~,) (32.2
: /+
4.)(~ I-~1
s 32..2
I '''f
Ib.~lsf.
= 0.D3"1 ~
l/gfli",2-... ~!iP
, H~: !:: /3. Stt 1""'.0
=t> ~~e.:: 13.'S~ (D,03r",) Do 0.4', l~fll·"'1.~
Hz-O : ~~~:. $, L
:. ~O£)O ~ )(q.S' ~ lCo.o, ~) 'N
tt' 's ''"I. m/ s a
-I(
: '1.BI XtO ba.f"S4f-4 ---F~
H,: .f"'3 : /3. S~ Stla..o
~ Pj~(L ::. /3.Sct (tl.SO(lD-Cf) :: ().t),3J3 b~,...s.~ --I-T,~
1-28

30. PROI;LEI-1 /.5'·
UStitq ~.1.Z.2
T(Or) ~ I. t3 T(Oc) + 32
(at ) T (0e.) =2 1
T{OF) =(1.8)(2/)+-32- =&&1.8
r(OR) : T(OF) + I.fSq. h 7 :. 52'1. If 7
(b) ,(DC) = ~":lO
T (CP) ::: (t. B)( -LtO ) f 32 = -40
T( PR) =-'10 f- lf59.h7 : L{(CLCo1
(c) ,(oc) = 50 0
,(PF) :: (1.8)($00)+32 :: q3~
T (01<.) = q3~ -t "15ft./; 1 ~ l ?liL<Ol
(it) T("C.):: 0
r(fJF) ::(/.S)( 0 )+32:: 3:>..
-r (DR,) :: 3~ -f '1St'J.67 -= 4C,Llo 1
(e) T(OC)::' 100
,(OF) :: CI.8)(loo) + 3Z =-;2/2
T{°R.) ':: 2/2 + I.f5Cf·(,1 ::: &'1/. b1
(f) /(0(,)=-273.15
.
I (OF) = (I. 8)(-2.73.15) -1-32 ::.-459.'7
T{OR) :. - 45'<1, fo1 4- 'I: Sq.' 7 :: 0
1-2'1

31. Tt'C) -= T ( of) _ 3 '2.
/.6 1·8
= T{OF} _ I 1:'7-8
I·e
"T( O() :. -r.e - IT.78
~<Z
-::. ao
T( K):' 20 + 27,.IS ~ ;l.Q3. 5"
(0) T(Op): -40
T(o,"):: -40 -(T.TS =-L{O
I·g
T(tc):: -totO'" 2.7'3-.'S = ~~3.1S'
(() T(OP):; SoO
T{0C.)-= ~-17'Ta,:~CoO
i.e.
T t: ~ ') ~:~~o-(o 2.7'3 ., s:. S3:t ~ S"
ld") T(OF): 0
o
'fe - IT. 18 ~ - '7.78
-11'.78-+ bl3.i;f:. 2SS'.'37
~l"). -1'=1.7-1': lOO
/. ~
00 + '2.'7'). IS" :: ~/3.1S"
T(OC):. - 4~-b7 -1'1. 1-8 -=. - 273.JS
1--0
1-30

32. PJ2D6lE.~ t. S:3
T:& ( °C) - r; (DC) :. [Tz.(0(. ) +2p6S] - [ Tj (DC) +2}Ki5] = T 2 (K) - -r, (k)
Tz { IPF) -7; (OF) :: [Tz { OF) +-~1] - [r. (OF) .,.1-~1] = TZ(DR) - T,{D~)
PROt3Lc~ 1.51.J
t~e.. e~~re~slO'V -1>.. ("e~.~ to..lA.<:.e. is
R ~ Ro ~'lCr
v,)h(.r~
Lr( *-+0)1
Ro = 2.4.n. (l.~ To: 310 l(
3-r--------------.,
2.5
5lhet. R: O.3lA a.t T= ~2.Z.K
..31 ~ C~.1. ) e.CP [r (
~7.. - ~o)] I
2
~O~Vl~tj fo.r ~ ~ 1.5
~: (~ ~.3:t)..) :ll8l'>.'l K
-41.2 30 0.5
Thus 0---t--r""""""'r-;-T-r-r-..,....,-r-r-;.....,.......,.,--.r-........,......---,--,-""""""'"
R:. 2.2. ~)(P l2-2ee., (-+ - ire))
250 300 350 400 450 500
T (K)
PROI'3LEVl I.S?
From +l,e c1~ at. T::. '3'J.0 p <.:»
T COF) R (0) SI.aq :. R. [I + o«(3"l"'~~)J • 1<0:' 51.3'..n
Test 1 51.39
A+ T=q~°F'.) R. :: 5/.72. Th.u.s ·-s
Test 2 51.72 51.'12. :: 5/.3tj [1+ -«q(o..sJ.) 1 ~ 0( =319(SS')(~O
F',",~Uy R": S:~C1 (l+ s~t~~~O-s (T -1:l)] ( l=)~
~= Rc:>[I+~(T-To)] I R':. Sl.~~<O + 2.0"'2.'l.)(' (0-''
Lt.-/:. '0 =3:l 0
F T ~ 4 Clc..Cil (R - st. '1 "2. Co) T
T(R:S'l.ti1) '::, l(.(g°F ...c.~~---
PRO 8LEM J. 5"
U Sl~~ E%. 1.2.2.} T(OF) :::'/. '8 r{Dc) .,.. 3 Z. ro'l' T(DF) = -r(Dc.) := t
A '"
T := 1.9 T +- ~ 2
A "
T := -4 0 ~F ~ "c: ... T
4,......·--------------=--
1ft k :
T{k) = T(oc) + 213./5 :::. -40 +2-73.IS ::::. 235.IS<J~-----::.~.
T(°(l.) = r{ IP F ) f &.JSCJ .(,1 ~ -40+ '15'.{,1:: 4Iq,"1~~ ~.
1-3/

33. PROBLEM 1.51
FV"or1'1 .,....e da.~C4...1 flte yela.·/-(oa.. Clt.&I b~ e>cp~~d as
T(Os) :: (300 -ISO) T(oe) + ISO t
}Oo - 0
= 1.5 T(DC) + I so
Or
ie°e. ) :: i(DS) -ISO
....:....;:........;;.~-­
I. 5
Us ,"1;, fkis re.la+l.~
T :: I 00 DS -;> - 3;$. 3 3 4)C ... ------'----.:~
olIII!r
o 100 r= LJ 00 ~ -::> I".b 7 °c <EI~--_--!~
..
Fro'h E1"1,, I OJ
T(CS) :. /.5 [TO<}-213.IS] +/50
Thu5 J +-he ra:/-iD of the s iz e 0 ~ +~ os +0 fhe kelv;1I is
I" 5 °S/k <J OS/I<
PRoBLEM is e
T=W1><+h
W~ r e """ c4 T'- slop-e.. o..""d, b is +t-..... VA{U<,
Wke" )l-=. O.
.
ACCor~"'n/~ "'e~ ~t"''-~''~ II'tU"l"A-h'O"" +L..n",:>k+~ UJ .. 1l 14
To:. - (8°Fli~.)(3il?) -i- 68°F
:: 44°F

34. C ERTWO
ENERGY AND THE
FIRST LAW OF
THERMODYNAMICS

35. PROBLE.~ '2. I
kNOWN: AY". Q.~+O""",oloile.. of l<t'.oOlIo#l' WAt{ a ccelerv-res -fY-o,.., a.. ~iv-eVl
v« loc.N1 +0 a.1'D"~er.
F/tJQ" 'Dej.c.,."""",,,,,c +""-0. ,· ... '·h·M Ic.,'..,eh'c.. evte.v-,':J 0."'_ +~ c:...Lv.V.~c. 1'.....
<ll1eh'(. ~...,e"'~d-'
SCH"Mn'Tl<' 4 Go IIIEN 1>1''7A:
W :. '2.00 C.,
""i = SO tl:.w.I"'-
"1"2 : (00 t<:w../ It..
ASS'~Ml>l'IO~S~ (.1) .,.~ A""+U""",ololl~ is +t-t c.loSed "YS'~lN.
(1.114 t:,'kfOhc.. c.t'ef',,'~! ",rc. relAtiVe. +0 -t~ JLo~d.
,
AfVAL.YSI t: Ik.t.. ,'"",h'M tc:.iVleh'c. e""e V'~ (AS tvW"p h' ~ 2) IJ'
I<E, ... J.. 1M. ~"L
,
2-
,,~ 't.. I03,.,,/t~
~I
~ IO'S""'~t I:~'-I,~I
Ie J
= "i (IZDOtC~) (
I
GO ) 131000 £ 11 )
/
KE,
::: IIS:1- "I I<. ~ --sf
T'- c.~~ ' - ~·l1et-fc.. ~.,..~ ~
l<Et. -l<E l ': t '- Lv;.. .- V,"'-J
~ ~(I~OO) [C!OO)~- ("")~J I ~ I~ I ;:;·1
-:: 3 4 T 1< ::J
2.- ,