Numbers!

1. BASIC VOCABULARY numbers
FIRST TOPIC: NUMBERS
UNIT 1.CARDINAL AND ORDINAL
Los números desde el punto de vista gramatical son adjetivos numerales y
pueden
aparecer de dos formas, como números cardinales y como números ordinales.
A) CARDINAL NUMBERS (números para contar / counting numbers /numbers
used
for counting / to count)
0 Nought, zero
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
one two three four five six seven eight nine ten
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty
• A partir del 20 Las unidades se separan de las decenas por un guión.
21 twenty-one 80 eighty
30 thirty 90 ninety
40 forty 100 one hundred
50 fifty 101 one hundred and one
60 sixty 1000 one thousand
70 seventy 1001 one thousand and one
• En un número de tres cifras one hundred, two hundred, van siempre
seguidos de and. 123 one hundred and twenty-three
• Los millares no se unen a las centenas ni con guión, ni con and, ni
con coma. 1350 one thousand three hundred and fifty
• Si el lugar de las centenas lo ocupa un cero, los millares van seguidos
de and. 3081 three thousand and eighty-one
• Los números de cuatro cifras, especialmente las fechas pueden leerse
por parejas 1975 nineteen seventy-five
BILINGUAL GROUP CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS

2. BASIC VOCABULARY numbers
• Los números de cuatro cifras terminados en dos ceros, pueden leerse
con las dos primeras cifras seguidas de hundred
2500 twenty-five hundred
• En lenguaje coloquial, hundred, thousand and million suelen ir
precedidos de a en lugar de one
a hundred
a thousand
a million
• Hundred, thousand and million, cuando van precedidos de otro número
o determinante numeral, o sea, cuando funcionan como adjetivos, no
llevan s final en el plural
En cambio si funcionan como sustantivos si termina en s el plural.
Doscientos dolares: Two hundred dollars
Miles de pajaros : Thousands of birds
• En Inglés, se utiliza una coma ó un espacio para marcar los millares
(nunca un punto como nosotros)
25,670
25 670
El cero: 0
nought mathematical digits
zero point zero, zero degrees
o telephone numbers
nothing coloquial
nil In football
love In tennis
B) ORDINAL NUMBERS (números para ordenar/ arranging numbers /
numbers used for arranging / to arrange)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eightth ninth tenth
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
eleven twelf thirtee fourtee fifteen sixteen seventee eightee ninetee twenti
th th nth nth th th nth nth nth eth
BILINGUAL GROUP CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS

3. BASIC VOCABULARY numbers
21 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 101
Twenty Thirtiet Fourtiet Fiftiet Sixtiet Seventiet Eightiet Ninetiet One One
-first h h h h h h h hundredt hundre
h d and
first
1000 One thousandth 1001 One thousand and first 1000000 One
millionth
• Los números ordinales se abrevian añadiendo al número cardinal
correspondiente las dos últimas letras de dicho ordinal.
1º _1st 2º _2nd 3º_ 3rd 4º_ 4th 18º_ 18th
• Situaciones en las que se utilizan números ordinales
DATES_ 1st April, 1st of April, April the 1st, April 1st
TITLES_ Isabel II Elisabeth II Elisabeth the second
PRIZE_ The first prize, the 2nd prize, ……
CENTURY_ 21stcentury, 18th century, ….
CLASIFICATIONS_ The 4th position
• El primero y el último
EL PRIMERO_THE FIRST
EL ÚLTIMO_ THE LAST
EL SEGUNDO_ THE SECOND
EL PENÚLTIMO_ THE SECOND LAST
EL TERCERO_ THE THIRD
EL ANTEPENÚLTIMO_ THE THIRD LAST
BILINGUAL GROUP CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS

4. BASIC VOCABULARY numbers
NUMBERS
Numbers are the basic buliding blocks of mathematics. Some numbers share common
properties and can be grouped together in SETS.
Digit: any of the ten (Hindu-arabic) numbers: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
Number system: The base ten number system is the more usual today.
Dou you know another one that we use?
The binary system or base two number system
The roman system
The sexagesimal system
Place value. In our system the value of a digit is relating to its position.
thousands hundreds tens units Decimal tenths hundreths thousandths
point
7 7 6 0 . 6 7 7
Sets of numbers
How many different kinds of numbers do you know?
BILINGUAL GROUP CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS

5. BASIC VOCABULARY numbers
Natural, N
Natural numbers are the counting numbers {1, 2, 3, ...} (positive integers) or the whole
numbers {0, 1, 2, 3, ...} (the non-negative integers). Mathematicians use the term
"natural" in both cases.
Integer, Z
Integers are the natural numbers and their negatives together with zero
{... −3, −2, −1, 0, 1, 2, 3, ...}. (Z is from German Zahl, "number".)
Rational, Q
Rational numbers are the ratios of integers, also called fractions, such as 1/2 = 0.5 or
1/3 = 0.333... Rational decimal expansions end or repeat. (Q is from quotient.)
Irrational Number, I
Real number that cannot be written as a simple fraction. Irrational means not Rational
Examples:
Real, R
The set of all rational and irrational numbers
A simple way to think about the Real Numbers is: any point anywhere on the number
line (not just the whole numbers). Examples: 1.5, -12.3, 99, √2, π
They are called "Real" numbers because they are not Imaginary Numbers
MORE ABOUT NUMBERS
Number line
Consecutive numbers Numbers that are next to each other
Positive number: above zero
Negative number: below zero
Even number: Any integer that can be divided by 2 without leaving a remainder
Odd number: any integer that cannot be divided by 2 without leaving a remainder
BILINGUAL GROUP CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS

6. BASIC VOCABULARY numbers
ARITHMETIC is the ability to use NUMBERS.
The four basic operations used in calculations are: ADDITION, SUBTRACTION,
MULTIPLICATION and DIVISION.
ADDITION
5 + 6 = 11 five plus six equal to eleven
SUBTRACTION
6–1=5 six minus one equal to five
MULTIPLICATION
6 X 8 = 48 six times eight equal to forty-eight
You can also say: six multiplied by eight is equal to forty-eight
6 and 8 are called FACTORS and 48 is the PRODUCT
DIVISION
40 : 8 = 5 fourty divided by eight equal to five
40/8= 5
40
=5 this is a división without remainder. It´s exact
8
MIXED OPERATIONS
(7- 5) · 2 + 10 =14
POWER
23 = 8
2: base
3: index or exponent
We can express 8 in power form as 23
The squares are raised to the power of two/the second power
The cubes are raised to the power of three/the third power
THE SQUARE ROOT
Take the square root of 50
THE CUBE ROOT
Take the cube root of 8
BILINGUAL GROUP CASTILBLANCO DE LOS ARROYOS