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Caching, Memcached, and Rails Performance Tuning
- 1. Caching, Memcached, and Rails Mike Perham http://mikeperham.com Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 2. Me Maintainer of memcache-client, shipped with Rails Hardcore performance nerd Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 3. Performance Let me Tell you a Story... Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 4. Performance Tuning Remove unnecessary Functionality Tune necessary Functionality ONLY THEN, add caching last ALWAYS track before/after timings Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 5. Caching Cache the results of expensive operations Why is this memoization dumb? Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 6. Why Dumb? SCALABILITY! FRESHNESS! Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 7. Rails Built in support for memcached since Rails 2.1 config/environments/production.rb: Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 8. Request Varnish Apache Rails DB Memcached Standard Toolset for Rails 2.3 Further == Slower Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 9. Caching Mechanisms HTTP Proxy FASTER Page Action Fragment SLOWER Object Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 10. HTTP Proxy HTTP/URL caching with Varnish Expires, Etag, Cache-Control headers 5-10k req/sec! Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 11. Page Caching ERB --> Static HTML Uh oh, uses the filesystem! Apache = 1-5k req/sec Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 12. Action Caching Runs filters (e.g. authorization) Can use any cache strategy File, memory, memcached Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 13. Fragment Caching Parts of the page are unique per user Fragment cache the various UI boxes Dynamically assemble HTML from the cache Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 14. Object Caching Built-in AR support for “smart” keys Rails.cache.fetch(post.cache_key) { expensive_calc(post) } “#{table_name}/#{self.id}-#{self.updated_at.to_i}” Support for complex dependencies Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 15. Expiration “There are only two hard things in Computer Science: naming and cache invalidation” Explicit expire_page :controller => ‘users’, :action => ‘index’ expire_action :controller => ‘users’, :action => ‘index’ Rails.cache.delete(‘key’) Observers Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 16. Expiration (Cont’d) Time-based Rails.cache.fetch(‘key’, :expires_in => 1.hour) { ... } expires_in(2.hours) # sets page’s HTTP max-age attribute Versioning Rails.cache.fetch(user.cache_key) { ... } Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 17. Memcached Giant Hash of Fixed Size Time-based expiration LRU eviction Operations: GET, SET, APPEND, INCR, CAS Limited to 1MB per value, 250 chars per key Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 18. Facebook 100s of servers w/ 28TB of RAM 5 billion page views/day 400k req/sec from memcached Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 19. Performance Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 20. Mongrel + Nginx Varnish Nginx WEB1 M1 M2 M1 M2 Memcached Memcached APP1 APP2 Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 21. Apache + Passenger Varnish HAProxy WEB1 Memcached Memcached Apache Apache Rails Rails Rails Rails APP1 APP2 Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 22. Advanced Spread your cache across a farm of memcached Use the memcaches_page plugin Use AJAX for user-specific widgets Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 23. Advice Cache late in the development cycle, after tuning! Memcached gives you time-based expiration, versioning and multi-machine support. Cache as early in the request as possible! Varnish Apache Rails DB Wednesday, March 25, 2009
- 24. THANK YOU! HTTP://MIKEPERHAM.COM MPERHAM@GMAIL.COM QUESTIONS? Wednesday, March 25, 2009